Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-06-05T14:39:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Maria de Morais - 2018.pdf: 2220959 bytes, checksum: 306e73c33b42e38f0372073f6cc73bbc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-06-05T14:45:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Maria de Morais - 2018.pdf: 2220959 bytes, checksum: 306e73c33b42e38f0372073f6cc73bbc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-05T14:45:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Maria de Morais - 2018.pdf: 2220959 bytes, checksum: 306e73c33b42e38f0372073f6cc73bbc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research investigates the implications of the feminization of journalism and gender inequalities in the practice of journalism from the perspective of 20 women who worked or works in the profession in Goiânia. Through their experiences, the conditions of work, the changes brought about by the new communication technologies and the precariousness of the profession are analyzed. It also investigates the relations of the journalists with the head, with the colleagues, with the direction of the company and with the sources, as well as the experiences of those who have performed or are in the position of leadership. The interviewees report cases of moral and sexual harassment, situations of sexism, male chauvinism and other discrimination based on gender differences, which also intersect with other elements, such as race, class and origin. The professionals reveal their conceptions of gender and reflect on the ideologies that are passed on by journalism as a producer of meanings and legitimator of values and visions circulating in the social environment. In addition, the reconciliation between work and personal life is analyzed, since the exercise of journalism requires dedication and reproductive work remains a feminine responsibility. In the effort to perceive transformations and continuities, the interviewees are journalists who began to work in the profession in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010. The theoretical-methodological basis is developed from studies on journalism, which talk about the ways of producing news and the identity of the journalist; and gender studies that raise questions about the naturalized behaviors of sexism practiced by both men and women that result in different types of oppression, backed by biological differences and the presumption of male superiority. / Essa pesquisa investiga as implicações da feminização do jornalismo e as desigualdades de gênero no exercício do jornalismo sob a perspectiva de 20 mulheres que atuaram ou atuam na profissão em Goiânia. Por meio das experiências narradas por elas, são analisadas as condições de trabalho, as mudanças trazidas pelas novas tecnologias de comunicação e pela precarização da profissão. São investigadas também as relações das jornalistas com a chefia, com os/as colegas, com a direção da empresa e com as fontes, bem como as experiências daquelas que desempenharam ou se encontram em funções de chefia. As entrevistadas relatam casos de assédio moral e sexual, situações de sexismo, machismo e outras discriminações baseadas nas diferenças de gênero, que fazem também intersecção com outros elementos, como raça, classe e origem. As profissionais revelam suas concepções de gênero e refletem sobre as ideologias que são repassadas pelo jornalismo enquanto produtor de sentidos e legitimador de valores e visões circulantes no meio social. Além disso, é analisada como se dá a conciliação entre vida profissional e pessoal, visto que o exercício do jornalismo exige muita dedicação de tempo e os trabalhos reprodutivos continuam sendo uma responsabilidade feminina. No esforço de perceber transformações e continuidades, as entrevistadas são jornalistas que começaram a atuar na profissão nas décadas de 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 e 2010. A base teórico-metodológica desenvolve-se a partir de estudos sobre jornalismo, que falam sobre os modos de produção de notícias e a identidade do/a jornalista; e estudos de gênero, que trazem questionamentos sobre os comportamentos naturalizados de sexismo, praticados tanto por homens quanto por mulheres, que resultam em diferentes tipos de opressão, respaldados pelas diferenças biológicas e pela presunção da superioridade masculina.

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of parental socialization of mothers in sexism’s expression in children 6 and 7 years old. The participants were 30 children and their mothers. Previously the collect, it was requested the mother’s authorization for the participation of his son or her daughter. The collect had two steps – The first step was executed with the children and the second with the mothers. The interviews contained objective and subjective questions. Besides that, was also applied the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventoy in the mothers. The results indicate that mothers with most flagrant sexism tend to produce a more sexist parent socialization. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no correlation between parenting styles and gender identity of the children. However, we found out that more authoritarian and permissive mothers socialize their children towards the hostile flagrant. These results are discussed in the light of theories of parental socialization and ambivalent sexism. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o efeito da socialização parental das mães na expressão do sexismo em crianças de 6 e 7 anos de idade. Participaram da pesquisa 30 crianças e suas respectivas mães. Precedente a coleta, foi solicitada às mães a autorização para a participação do(a) seu(sua) filho(a). A coleta possuiu duas etapas – uma realizada com as crianças e outra com as mães. As entrevistas continham perguntas abertas e fechadas. Também foram aplicados o Questionário de Estilos e Dimensões Parentais e o Inventário de Sexismo Ambivalente nas mães. Os resultados indicam que mães com sexismo mais flagrantes tendem a produzir uma socialização mais sexista. Contrariando a nossa hipótese, não houve correlação entre os estilos parentais e a identidade de gênero das crianças. Contudo, encontramos que mães mais autoritárias e permissivas socializam seus filhos na direção do sexismo flagrante. Estes resultados são discutidos à luz das teorias sobre socialização parental e do sexismo ambivalente.

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar como as masculinidades e feminilidades são mostradas, cronologicamente, nos manuais do FLE (Francês Língua Estrangeira), analisando sobretudo as visões sexistas da diferença dos sexos e as relações de gênero. Segundo Scott (1999), a visão sexista dominou durante séculos as análises que se propunham refletir sobre a problemática das diferenças sexuais. Na verdade, tratava-se de uma visão estática do que representava ser homem ou ser mulher nas sociedades ocidentais. Somente a partir da revolução sexual proposta pelo Movimento feminista anglo-americano dos anos 1960 que se começou a pensar em gênero como resultado sócio-cultural das diferenças dos corpos masculino e feminino, percebendo que a identidade de gênero é construída para além do corpo biológico e, além do mais, passível de variações no tempo e no espaço. Para a realização desta pesquisa, selecionamos alguns manuais representativos na história do FLE, mais especificamente seis manuais produzidos a partir de 1960, ano da publicação do manual VIF, que coincide com o início movimento feminista. Para tanto, foi feita uma análise descritiva das imagens e textos pertinentes à pesquisa. Nossa hipótese de partida era a de que encontraríamos dentro desses manuais muito mais visões sexistas do que variações das identidades de gênero. Acreditamos que esta pesquisa é promissora no domínio do Ensino de Línguas Estrangeiras, em especial do FLE, pois pode oferecer aos professores de LE outros elementos de análise e de crítica sobre o livro didático e, conseqüentemente, sobre suas práticas pedagógicas. / The object of this research was to check how male and female chracteristics are chronologically presented in the FFL (French as a Foreign Language) manuals, through the analysis of sexist views of the difference between genders and their relations. According to Scott (1999), for centuries the sexist point of view was predominant in the analyses of sexual differences. In fact, it was a stactic view of the representation of what was believed to be a man or a woman in the Western civilization. Just after the sexual revolution resulting from the American Liberation Movement of the 1960s did one start to reflect on gender as a result of social and cultural-based concepts between male and female bodies, and to notice that gender identity is built beyond the biological body, thus subjected to time and space variations. For the sake of this research , we selected some manuals which are benchmarks in the history of FFL, more specifically six manuals produced as of 1960, year of the publication of the VIF, which coincides with the start of the Liberation Movement. We proceeded to make a descriptive analysis of the images and texts which fit the research. We hypothesized finding many more sexist views in these manuals than variations of gender identities. We believe that this research is very promising in the Foreign Language Studies domain, specially in FFL, for it may offer FL teachers other elements of analysis and criticism of the textbook and, consequently, of its pedagogic practices.

No description available.

The matched-guise test, which was originally developed by Lambert et al. (1960), has been useful in determining covert attitudes towards accents, dialects, or languages. In this paper, the author presents a fresh take on matched-guise tests in sociolinguistics utilizing modern technology to digitally manipulate a female voice into a male voice. This makes it possible to create recordings in which the tone, intonation, stress, and personality traits are the same, yet the apparent guise is different, thus allowing us to ascertain attitudes towards the sexes as well. Using this method on 169  respondents of mixed sex, the author has shown that there are statistical differences between how the male and female guises are interpreted. When all collaborative and competitive aspects are combined, the female guise is considered more collaborative, while the male is considered more competitive. Contradictory to old stereotypes it would also seem as though men are considered less knowledgeable than women. Less sexist people also rate the male and the female guise more unevenly than more sexist people do. A less sexist person favours the female guise on collaborative variables, while a more sexist person favours neither guise.

The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of sexist language-use in the British online newspaper The Daily Mail. The material consists of 162 articles that were analysed by using feminist stylistics. The scope of the study was limited to selected features from feminist stylistics at word- and discourse-level. The features of linguistic sexism analysed were the use of gendered generic words, naming of females and males and how female and male characters are described. The gender of the journalists was also analysed to examine if it affected the language-use in terms of sexism. The results show that linguistic sexism is expressed to some extent at both word-level and discourse-level. At word-level linguistic sexism is expressed inthe generic use of some masculine words, the difference of how first name and surname are used to refer to women and men and in the use of titles. At the level of discourse linguistic sexism is expressed in the difference of how women and men are referred to in terms of their relationship to others and in terms of appearance. The gender of the journalist did not show any significance for the language-use in terms of sexism. Considering the limited material of the study, the results might not be suitable for generalisations. The results are nonetheless interesting and it can be concluded that the toolkit of feminist stylistic is relevant to this day and that linguistic sexism exists to some extent in the online version of The Daily Mail.

How does a woman's race influence perceptions of her sexual behavior? This study investigated how race and sexual behavior intersect within an ambivalent sexism framework. Benevolent sexism characterizes women as pure and defenseless, which contrasts with the cultural stereotype of Black women as aggressive and hypersexual. Gender and racial stereotypes may combine to produce different outcomes for women who behave according to negative (promiscuous) or positive (chaste) sexual subtypes. According to shifting standards theory, evaluations and treatment of these women should vary depending on whether the measured behavior is non-zero sum (limitless) or zero sum (finite). To test this hypothesis, participants read about a chaste or promiscuous Black or White woman and reported their hostile and benevolent attitudes about her (non-zero sum) and whether she should be picked to represent an organization that supports women of her sexual subtype (zero sum.) Results suggest, consistent with shifting standards, that more benevolent sexism was expressed to a chaste Black, rather than White, woman. However, the Black woman did not receive more positive trait evaluations or experience an advantage on the zero sum outcome. Minority women who conform to benevolent sexism ideals may be highly praised (non-zero sum reward) but are not given tangible rewards (zero sum reward) for their behavior. This pattern of treatment perpetuates discrimination against Black women within society.

Tanken med uppsatsen är alltså att belysa kön och ålders betydelse för hur man skildrar och betraktar sexuella relationer. Jag har därför valt att analysera fyra skönlitterära verk, där kvinnan respektive mannen är den äldre parten i relationen, och den skildras ur kvinnan respektive mannens perspektiv. På grund av fokuseringen på könsskillnader är det alltså främst heterosexuella relationer som behandlas, men även överträdelser från detta inom verken är av stor vikt. Jag kommer även analysera hur verken mottagits, vilka diskussioner som kommits att föras om dem inom kritiken. För att rättvisare kunna jämföra verken och mottagandet har jag valt att fokusera på enbart svenska verk och mottagandet i Sverige. Verken är tidsmässigt utspridda över 35 år, då jag även velat undersöka om man kan se någon förändring i attityden till dessa frågor över tid. En av romanerna som kommer att behandlas är Larssons ovan nämnda Autisterna, där det alltså rör sig om en äldre man och en flicka, ur mannens perspektiv. Detta kommer att sättas i relation till en roman som enligt Witt-Brattströms premisser ”ger flickan en röst”: Darling River (2010) av Sara Stridsberg (f.1972). Här får man bland annat följa den 13- till 30-åriga Lo, som frivilligt har sex med ett flertal betydligt äldre män. Vad gäller relationer där kvinnan är äldre kommer jag använda mig av Liknelseboken (2013) av Per-Olov Enquist (f.1934), där den 15 åriga Per-Olov har frivilligt sex med den 51-åriga Ellen, och Jag minns alla mina älskare och hur de brukade ta på mig (2000) av Kerstin Thorvall (1925–2010), där den 40- till 50-åriga Kerstin har samlag med ett flertal villiga män i 20-års åldern. Uppsatsen kommer alltså att behandla sexuella relationer med betydande åldersskillnader i bred bemärkelse, inte enbart vad som vanligtvis skulle diskuteras i samband med pedofili. Detta för att kunna problematisera vad kring vad kön och ålder har för betydelse för uppfattningarna om sexuella relationer: vem som ses som ett barn, vem som uppfattas som ett subjekt, och vad som anses vara sjukligt eller ett övergrepp. I alla verk är det dock minst 20 år mellan parterna, och den yngre parten beskrivs upprepade gånger som ett barn.

Gender threat occurs in situations in which one is threatened by the possibility of acting like the opposite gender (Vandello et al., 2008) and is most pervasive for men (e.g., “you throw like a girl”). This study examined the question of whether men, after being told they performed like women, would respond with negative implicit evaluations of women. In addition, competence threat (with no reference to gender) was examined to see if it would affect men in the same way. Women were threatened by being told they performed like men, although it was hypothesized there would be no effect of gender threat for women. Participants completed a line bisection task and received false feedback regarding how they performed. The feedback was manipulated in terms of threat (threat versus not threat) and gender salience (gender was salient or not). Participants then completed two Implicit Association Tests: one to assess implicit prejudice against women and one to assess endorsement of tradition gender roles. Men who were threatened (regardless of gender salience) showed more implicit prejudice against women than men who were not threatened. Women showed an interaction of threat, gender salience, and explicit sexism. When gender was salient, threatened women low in explicit sexism had less favorable attitudes towards other women. Women high in explicit sexism showed no significant difference between threat and no threat. No effects were found for implicit gender stereotypes for men or women. Implications for gender threat theory and future directions are discussed.

Sexual stereotyping -- United States and Spain -- Attitudes toward homosexuality and gender.