Bakgrund: Ständiga förbättringar och organisatoriskt lärande syftar båda till att förbättra och utveckla organisationers processer. Inom ämnesområdet ständiga förbättringar är fokus många gånger på systematiska metoder medan det i organisatoriskt lärande fokuseras mer på den holistiska bilden av organisationen. Även om de båda forskningsområden skiljer sig åt på många sätt så går det att utröna likheter gällande vad som är påverkande faktorer i utfallet gällande de båda strategierna. Detta väckte vårt intresse och vi ville undersöka detta faktum vidare. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att förstå vilka påverkansfaktorer som finns gällande ständigt förbättringsarbete som strategi i verksamheter och organisatoriskt lärande samt var det finns gemensamma nämnare däremellan. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och bygger på intervjuer och observationer som inhämtats på Saab Dynamics samt en litteraturgenomgång av existerande forskning och teorier. Resultat: Resultatet från denna studie har resulterat i två modeller: en teoretiskt framtagen som kartlägger de gemensamma nämnarna gällande påverkansfaktorer på organisations-, grupp- och individnivå samt en omarbetad modell med fokus på de faktorer vi funnit empiriskt. Påverkande faktorer är bland annat policykommunikation, ledningsnärvaro, gruppdynamik och förståelse. En förutsättning och kritisk variabel i detta är tid. / Background: Continuous improvement and organisational learning both aim to improve and develop an organisation’s processes. Within the field of continuous improvement the focus is often on systematic methods whilst in organisational learning the focus is mainly holistic when looking at an organisation. Although both research areas differ in many ways there are clear similarities concerning what are influential factors inducing the output regarding both strategies. This aroused our interest and we wanted to explore this fact further. Aim: This study aims to understand the influential factors that exist regarding continuous improvement as a strategy in businesses and organisational learning, as well as discovering where there are common denominators. Method: The study has a qualitative approach and is based on interviews and observations collected at Saab Dynamics as well as a literature review of existing research and theories. Result: The result from this study is shown in two models: a theory developed model that maps the common denominators regarding influential factors on the organisational-, group- and individual level as well as a revised model with focus on the factors we have found empirically. Influential factors include policy communication, managerial presence, group dynamics and understanding. A condition and a critical variable in this is time.

Saab Component Maintenance in Linköping, Sweden, offers maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) services for civilian and military aircraft components. Lately, the department has struggled with slow throughput rates, despite various counteracting attempts. Studies show, that large parts of the delays derive from the logistics department where goods arrive and dispatch. Therefore, Saab wants to carry out an extensive analysis of the department in order to further investigate what is causing its slow throughput rates. The thesis begins with extensive mapping over Component Maintenances whole value stream to find out how departments interact with each other and which role individual departments have in the total supply chain. Out of 13 000 different part numbers, components were divided into five product families. From statistical history of package frequency, two value streams were chosen as scientific research objects, where improvements of which show great potential to have serious positive effects. From activity studies, observations, workshops and interviews various elements were identified as obstructing in the logistics department’s material and information flow. Activity studies show, that 55, 8% of activities performed in the arriving goods department were considered as value adding time. In addition, 67, 9% of activities performed in the dispatch goods department were considered as value adding time (where over half of the value adding time was spent in administrative systems). 11 critical challenges and five associated root causes have been identified in the arriving goods department. 14 critical challenges and five associated root causes have been identified in the dispatch goods department. To reduce and prevent further waste, the thesis recommends 14 critical actions in order to reduce the amount of elements obstructing the flow of material and information at Component Maintenance. In addition, recommended changes have been illustrated in a Future State Map for each department respectively on a process level. By performing tasks in new sequences where material and information flow progresses in a parallel synchronized rate, the benefits of a balanced lean flow could be demonstrated in the dispatch department. Shortest lead time, from finished component to packaged and booked shipment, was noted for small units and took 20 minutes.

This paper examines developers' experience of participation in decisions through agile system development methods in long-term projects. Participation is meant as an opportunity for developers to influence and realize decisions in their work through independence and freedom. The research question reads as follows: "How are developers' perceived participation in decisions during long-term projects affected?". Through five qualitative interviews with developers from an international military company, institutional logics are used as a complementary theoretical framework and analytical support. Tensions between a professional logic and a management logic are indicated to be the two main logics that pressure developers' perceived participation in decisions over a long-term period. By combining development methods over time within long-term projects, daily follow-up varies and developers' perceived participation in decisions may be affected. Partial deliveries promote developers' perceived participation in decisions because developers can receive ongoing feedback on their decisions. Developers are required to make constant considerations in their decisions in order to achieve flexibility and meet requirements, but are limited by access to information due to defense-secrecy. / Uppsatsen undersöker utvecklares upplevelse av delaktighet i beslut genom agila systemutvecklingsmetoder inom långsiktiga projekt. Delaktighet avses som möjlighet för utvecklare att genom självständighet och frihet påverka samt realisera beslut i sin arbetssituation. Forskningsfrågan som tagits fram lyder enligt följande: “Hur påverkas utvecklares upplevelse av delaktighet i beslut under långsiktiga projekt?”. Genom fem kvalitativa intervjuer med utvecklare från ett militärt internationellt företag används institutionella logiker som ett kompletterande teoretiskt ramverk och analysstöd. Spänningar mellan en professionslogik och en management-logik indikeras vara de två huvudsakliga logiker som sätter press på utvecklares upplevelse av delaktighet i beslut under en lång tidshorisont. Genom att systemutvecklingsmetoder blandas över tid inom långsiktiga projekt varieras daglig uppföljning och utvecklares upplevelse av delaktighet i beslut kan komma att påverkas. Delleveranser främjar utvecklares upplevelse av delaktighet i beslut eftersom utvecklare kan få löpande återkoppling på sina beslut. Utvecklare erfordras göra ständiga avvägningar i sina beslut för att uppnå flexibilitet och möta krav, men begränsas av tillgång till information till följd av försvarssekretess.

Machine learning is when a computer can learn from data and draw its own conclusions without being explicitly programmed to do so. To implement machine learning effectively and correctly, it is important to have a structured framework to follow. Today, there exist several different frameworks but no framework is suited for all purposes of machine learning. This thesis evaluates three chosen frameworks CRISP-DM, SEMMA and KDD for the purpose of imple- menting machine learning in signal processing. This study was conducted at Saab AB in Ja¨rf¨alla. The specific problem area of signal processing that was evaluated in the thesis was radar warn- ing systems. A hypothesis is that they could become more efficient with machine learning. To evaluate the chosen frameworks, it was studied what was demanded from a framework when implementing machine learning in the chosen problem area. The evaluation was done with a theoretical comparison where no implementations of the different frameworks were done. The frameworks were evaluated through an evaluation method created by the authors. The evaluation method was used for the purpose of finding a framework suitable for signal processing when developing the software for a radar warning system. The result is that CRISP-DM is the most well-suited of the three frame- works. This because it originates from a business perspective, is distinct in how to use it and is easy to implement in an agile process like Scrum. / Maskininlärning är när en dator kan lära sig från data och dra egna slutsatser utan att specifikt vara programmerad att göra det. För att lyckas med att implementera maskininlärning på ett effektivt sätt så krävs det att man följer ett tydligt ramverk. Idag finns det många ramverk men inget som är lämpat för alla typer av maskininlärning. Denna rapport utvärderar tre valda ramverk: CRISP- DM, SEMMA och KDD. Detta med syftet att implementera maskininlärn-ing i signalbehandling. Studien utfördes på Saab AB i Järfälla. Det specifika problemområde inom signalbehandling som utvärderades i rapporten var radarvarningssys- tem. En hypotes är att de kan bli mer effektiva med maskininlärning. För att utvärdera de valda ramverken så studerades vad som krävdes av ett ramverk för det valda problemområdet. Utvärderingen skedde genom en teoretisk jämförelse där ingen implementation av de olika ramverken genomfördes. Ramverken utvärderades genom en utvärderingsmetod skapad av förfat-tarna. Utvärderingsmetoden användes med syftet att finna ett ramverk som var lämpligt för signalbehandling vid utveckling av mjukvara för ett radarvarningssystem. Resultatet var att CRISP-DM var den mest lämpade metoden. Detta för att den utgår från ett affärsperspektiv, har tydliga riktlinjer hur den ska användas och att den enkelt kan implementeras i agila processer såsom Scrum.

This report is a final thesis conducted by two students at the Academy of Innovation for Design and Technology at Ma ̈lardalens university in Va ̈ster ̊as, in collaboration with Nextjet. The purpose of this investigation is to explore the different ways in which we can improve the inspection of “Placards & Markings” for Nextjet’s SAAB- 340 aircrafts. This assesment is required by the government in the process of renewing/extending the ARC-airworthiness Review Certificate of the planes. The ARC-process is conducted according to the rules and regulations of the EASA, one of which is a review of the plane’s airworthiness. In this thesis we will explore the plausible ways of inspection while compa- ring and contrasting these different methods. The intent is to find the most adequate and reliable procedure at the lowest cost, with high security. We will focus on three chosen methods: • Visual inspection • ITS - intelligent transport system • Inspection of the aircrafts exterior with the help of a drone New technologies like ITS and drones are on the rampage and has many advantages. Both ITS and drones enables verifiability and are time-efficient methods. Despite this, the visual inspection method is currently most sui- table for Nextjet and their inspection of the ”Placards & Markings”. Visual inspection is an inexpensive alternative that requires no sophisticated equip- ment. A technical instruction must, according to the studied literature, have a structured format. Consideration should be given to the human factors that come into play during a visual inspection, which can be prevented if kept in mind when designing the instruction. The technical instruction that we designed needs to be tested in its real environment to properly evaluate its function.

<p>Bakgrund: Projektifiering innebär att företag går från en stark linjeorganisation mot att betona projektdimensionen. Denna förändring skapar nya förutsättningar för medarbetare och torde även ha samband med företagets syn på sin personal som strategisk resurs. </p><p>Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga och analysera de förändringar som sker inom Human Resource Management i samband med företags projektifiering. </p><p>Genomförande: Det empiriska materialet består huvudsakligen av intervjuer med nyckelpersoner på Posten och Saab Aerospace. </p><p>Resultat: HR-funktionen har en viktig roll i projektifieringsprocessen. Två sätt att organisera HR-funktionen har identifierats, vilka påverkar möjligheten att anta denna roll. HR-relaterade problem får olika proportioner beroende på hur företag väljer att organisera projektverksamheten.</p>

<p>This bachelor thesis includes two different manuals and design of an interface box between a test object and a general test station (computer) with ARINC429 communication.</p><p>There are three different purposes with this project:</p><p>The first is to setup a general test station with ARINC429 communication using a communications card from DDC (DD-42916i3-300) and software from Ampol Technologies (dataSIMS).</p><p>The second is to design a new interface between the test computer and the test object. As well as implementing two components in the equipment.</p><p>The third is to write two separate manuals to guide the users of this equipment. There are two different kinds of users of this equipment, technicians and system engineers. Technicians use the equipment to test and repair flight components. System engineers will implement new components in the equipment.</p><p>The result of this project is a working test station with a new interface and two manuals.</p>

<p>Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) is a technique widely used by the defense industry in, for example, electronic countermeasure equipment for generating false radar targets. The purpose of the DRFM technique is to use high-speed sampling to digitally store and recreate radio frequency and microwave signals. At Saab Bofors Dynamics AB the technique is used, among others, in the Electronic Warfare Simulator (ELSI). The DRFM technique is implemented in a full-custom ASIC circuit that has been mounted on circuit boards in ELSI. Today, the progress in the programmable hardware field has made it possible to implement the DRFM design in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The FPGA technology has many advantages over a full custom ASIC design.</p><p>Hence, the purpose of this master's thesis has been to develop a new DRFM design that can be implemented in an FPGA, using a hardware description language called VHDL. The method for this master's thesis has been to first establish a time plan and a requirement specification. After that, a design specification has been worked out based on the requirement specification. The two specifications have served as a basis for the development of the DRFM circuit. One of the requirements on the design was that the circuit should be able to communicate through an external Ethernet interface. A part of the work has, thus, been to review available external Ethernet modules on the market. The result is a DRFM design that has been tested through simulations. The tests shows that the design works as described in the design specification.</p>

<p>Detta examensarbete har som syfte att konstruera en prototyp av en testsändare inom Sbandet,2.2 – 2.4 GHz. Arbetet innefattar konstruktion och utveckling av hårdvara och kodför testsändaren, samt tester och optimering av den framtagna prototypen.Koden designades för en FPGA i Quartus II med VHDL. I FPGA:n hanteraskommunikationen mellan användaren och hårdvaran. Designen av mönsterkortet gjordes iprogrammet Altium Designer. Det resulterade i ett kretskort i glasfiber med två lager ochytmonterade komponenter som handlöddes. Huvudkretsarna i hårdvaran är en FPGA, enfrekvensmixer, en lokaloscillator och två olika förstärkare. Lokaloscillatorn genererarbärfrekvensen medans FPGA:n modulerar indata och omvandlar det till datafrekvenser.Mixern blandar bärfrekvensen med data via amplitudmodulering och ger ut en RF-signalsom förstärks innan den sänds ut.Resultatet efter optimering är att testsändaren genererar en ren bärfrekvens inomS-bandet och kompenserar väl för modulationsfel vid generering av RF-signalen. Denöverför data som vid test kan avläsas och valideras av en demoduleringsapparat förflygdata.</p>

<p>The main purpose of a Flight Data Recorder (FDR) is to facilitate the investigation of incidents. In order to interpret the data that has been recorded in the FDR the data has to be visualized in some way. This can be done with software on a computer or with hardware that is specific for the model of aircraft that the data originates from.</p><p>The aim of this project is to visualize data for six parameters from the FDR of Saab 2000 in an avionics rig. The avionics rig resembles the cockpit of Saab 2000 and the displays in it are identical to the ones found in the plane. All six parameters are shown on the same display.</p><p>Due to safety regulation vital systems in aircraft are doubled, with one system on the left side and one on the right. Because of the architecture of the rig it was decided that data from the right-hand side systems were to be visualized on the right-hand side display. It is not possible to guarantee that no incorrect values are shown for the parameter altitude when values are taken from the right-hand side, but it can be done for values from the left side. This is the reason why values are taken from the left-hand side for altitude. In the rig a computer with an ARINC429-card and the software Data Bus Analyzer was accessible to transmit data to the displays. DBA can save received data in ASCII-files and also open and transmit the data in such files. Data that has been extracted from an FDR can be converted to the format which DBA can read with macros that have been written in the project. After conversion the data can be transmitted to the display on which it is supposed to be visualized.</p>