Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo dos protagonistas do romance Histoire de Juliette, ou Les prospérités du vice (1801) do Marquês de Sade. O objetivo do trabalho é evidenciar a progressão dos enunciados filosóficos dos personagens, dentro das cenas libidinosas nas quais são proferidos, relacionando as teorias e as práticas particulares de cada herói com os traços de seu caráter. Tal abordagem supõe a tese de que há uma interdependência entre os argumentos do libertino e sua construção dentro da narrativa ficcional. Cada devasso expõe um conjunto singular de ideias, determinado por suas características morais, físicas e por outros aspectos que constituem o gênero do romance filosófico. Logo, este estudo não propõe uma interpretação específica para o pensamento de Sade, mas salienta a oposição e a convergência de ideias em sua obra, acentua o debate entre os personagens, expõe, portanto, a diversidade dos discursos libertinos. / This research intends to analyze the protagonists from the novel Histoire de Juliette, ou Les prospérités du vice (1801) by the Marquis de Sade. Our goal is to evidence the development of the philosophical statements of the characters, within the libidinous scenes where they take place, relating the theory and practice of each hero with his/her personality. This approach assumes an interplay between the libertine\'s arguments and their construction in the fictional narrative. Each person presents a unique set of ideas, determined by his/her moral and physical traits, in addition to all the other aspects found in the philosophical novel gender. We, therefore, do not present a specific interpretation for the thinking of Sade, rather, we stress the opposition and convergence of ideas in his work, underlining the debate among the characters to point out the diversity of discourse amidst the libertines.

Estuda-se aqui a escrita do marquês de Sade, sobretudo as três versões de sua personagem virtuosa: Os infortúnios da virtude [Les infortunes de la vertu] (1787), Justine ou as infelicidades da virtude [Justine ou les malheurs de la vertu] (1791) e A Nova Justine ou as infelicidades da virtude [La Nouvelle Justine ou les malheurs de la vertu] (1799). Nelas, investiga-se o modo pelo qual a escrita produz equívocos, campos de ressonância e compossibilidades entre os pares conceituais com os quais trabalha (a saber, virtude/vício; infelicidade/prosperidade; etc). A dramatização dos conceitos e das normas simbólicas que os orientam configura, assim, uma cenografia equívoca, cujo funcionamento consiste em sabotar a univocidade de sentido dos termos que aciona. Essa equivocidade constitutiva da escrita sadiana deixa então em suspenso o próprio posicionamento enunciativo, não se subsumindo à particularização das intenções do Autor e, tampouco a uma determinação unívoca do contexto. Propõe-se, entretanto, singularizar sua indeterminação, ou melhor, a sobredeterminação das torções perspectivas que efetua e os seus equívocos, bem como os reenvios que fabrica e encena em uma rede de enunciações. Para tanto, dramatizam-se aqui dois eixos de análise, nos quais a virtude se faz fundamental: a discussão setecentista sobre a função moralizadora das artes e a política jacobina de Robespierre. Na passagem de uma a outra, é a equivocidade enunciativa de Sade que entrelaça a performatividade do texto literário e a instituição da lei. / This thesis aims to study the writing of Marquis de Sade, especially the three versions of his virtuous character: Les infortunes de la vertu (1787), Justine ou les malheurs de la vertu (1791) and La Nouvelle Justine ou les malheurs de la vertu (1799). In them, the object of inquiry is the way that writing produces equivoques, fields of resonance and compossibilities between conceptual pairs in which it works upon (namely, virtue/vice; infelicity/prosperity, etc). The dramatization of the concepts and symbolic norms that guide them sets an equivocal cenography, whose operation consists in sabotage the univocity of the terms\' meanings that it triggers. This constitutive equivocity of the sadian writing leaves suspended the whole enunciative positioning, not subsuming itself to the particularizations of the author\'s intentions, neither to a univocal determination of the context. However, it is proposed to singularize its indetermination, or better put, the overdetermination of the perspective torsions that it performs and its equivoques, as well as the resends that it fabricates and stages in a network of enunciations. Therefore, this thesis dramatizes two axes of analysis, in which the virtue is fundamental: the discussion in the Eighteenth century about the moralizing function of the arts and Robespierre\'s jacobin politics. In the passage from one to another, it is Sade\'s enunciative equivocity that tangles the literary texts\'s performativity and the institution of the law.

In ihrem Beitrag mit dem Titel Gefühlvolle/leibliche Körperlichkeit(en) in Die Philosophie im Boudoir (1795) widmet sich Laura Hommers der Frage nach der Materialität des Geschlechts (Judith Butler) und geht auf die von Barbara Duden initiierte Debatte ein, ob sich der Vorwurf einer ‚Entkörperung durch Verkörperung von Theorie‘ aufrechterhalten lässt. Um die Konstruktion der Butler’schen Materialität aufzuzeigen, werden sexuelle Tableaux von Marquis de Sades Die Philosophie im Boudoir untersucht. In diesen sexuellen Handlungen wird die Materialität durch die Neuinterpretation von erogenen Zonen sichtbar, welche gleichzeitig eine Vielfalt von Geschlechtsidentitäten und sexuellen Begehren aufzeigen. Laura Hommers greift dabei auf Paula Irene Villas Plädoyer für eine Leibperspektive in der Geschlechterforschung zurück und argumentiert, dass durch den körperlichen Leib und die Leibphänomenologie nach Hermann Schmitz eine Leibperspektive in den sexuellen Tableaux verhandelt werden kann, die zu einem Empfindungs- und Verhaltensprogramm führt. Daran anknüpfend argumentiert der Beitrag, dass die leiblichen Gefühle beziehungsweise Regungen, welche bei Marquis de Sade sprachlich (auf einer körperlichen Ebene) geäußert werden, sich durch vielseitige körperliche Ausdrücke manifestieren und so eine (anatomische) Materialität in die Untersuchung dieser Tableaux zurückgebracht werden kann.

Dans cette thèse de pensée politique, nous examinerons certains des effets engendrés par l’œuvre du marquis de Sade. Nous chercherons à démontrer que le principal de ces effets est la destitution de toutes les tentatives d’ériger des « idoles ». Par « idoles » nous entendons tout ce qui est susceptible de se poser comme un « absolu » – qu’il s’agisse des idoles que l’on peut associer à l’Ancien régime (la monarchie de droit divin par exemple) ou celles, nouvelles, que la révolution pourrait être tentée de leur substituer (la vertu républicaine par exemple). Notre travail s’inspire d’un article de Claude Lefort, « Sade : le Boudoir et la Cité », selon lequel Sade ne peut être ramené à un promoteur du vice ou de la corruption – ce qui ne veut aucunement dire que son œuvre devrait être lue, à l’inverse, comme une défense de la vertu ou de l’incorruptibilité (révolutionnaires ou républicaines). Nous chercherons dans un premier temps à démontrer de quelle manière la destitution des idoles s’applique à des postures littéraires et philosophiques dont Sade a lui-même participé : libertinage, matérialisme et athéisme. Dans un second temps, nous nous concentrerons sur les opuscules politiques de Sade et sur ses engagements politiques. Aux termes de notre travail, apparaîtra alors un Sade, penseur d’une République fondée sur un mouvement d’ « institution/destitution », qui, à la lumière de ce qu’a théorisé Lefort, permet d’intégrer le doute et l’indétermination au sein d’une réflexion sur le politique.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Ce mémoire en recherche-création explore l’enfermement volontaire et les différents types de tensions qu’il provoque. Court roman prenant la forme du journal intime, La Parenthèse met en scène un jeune homme qui décide de s’enfermer chez lui une semaine durant et s’interdit tout contact avec l’extérieur – autant pour prendre un congé temporaire de la vie qu’il mène que pour examiner les raisons de sa détresse quotidienne. Le monologue intérieur se transforme rapidement en dialogue, dès lors qu’un double vindicatif, interrompant la voix principale par des « répliques » entre parenthèses, fait son apparition. Une relation houleuse – sous tension – se tisse entre ces deux facettes du personnage tout au long des sept jours de la réclusion, les passages de dispute alternant avec des récits de souvenirs. En somme, le roman tente de dramatiser la question de l’emprisonnement de soi-même et de la limitation de l’écriture, cette limitation pouvant être à la fois malsaine et libératrice. Quant à l’essai, Tensions et enfermement dans les Cent Vingt Journées de Sodome du marquis de Sade, il part du thème de l’enfermement (en l’occurrence, celui des quatre amis qui exécutent le projet de passer quatre mois dans un château isolé) pour postuler une « architecture du désir » dans Les Cent Vingt Journées de Sodome. L’essai mobilise les ressources de la narratologie en prenant en compte les effets du texte sur le lecteur ; sont ainsi mises en évidence les tensions – sexuelle pour les protagonistes, narrative pour le lecteur – élaborées par cette écriture de l’enfermement et de la contrainte, dans laquelle le désir est toujours maintenu mais rarement satisfait. / This M.A. thesis combining research and creative writing globally focuses on self-confinement and the various tensions that it creates. La Parenthèse, a novel in the form of a diary, depicts a young man who decides to confine himself in his apartment for a week without any contact with the outside world, taking a break of his life in order to question himself about his daily angst. The inner monologue changes quickly into a dialogue, as soon as a vindictive alter ego begins to interrupt the main voice with “repartees” in parenthesis. A stormy – tense – relationship builds itself between these two sides of the character throughout the seven days he stays locked indoors, passages of arguments alternating with recollections of memories. In short, the novel proposes a reflection about self-confinement and constrained writing, which is both unwholesome and liberatory. As for the essay, Tensions et enfermement dans Les Cent Vingt Journées de Sodome du marquis de Sade, it takes us from self-confinement (namely, the four friends deciding to confine themselves for four months in a distant castle) to an “architecture of desire” in Les Cent Vingt Journées de Sodome. The essay is based on narratology without neglecting the effects the text has on its reader to bring out the tensions – sexual ones regarding the protagonists, narrative ones regarding the reader – elaborated by Sade’s confinement writing, which unfolds a desire much celebrated but seldom fulfilled.

This text is a record of the preparation and rehearsal of a kabuki-inspired production of Madame de Sade by Yukio Mishima in an English translation by Donald Keene. The goals of this production were both artistic and pedagogical. I applied my knowledge of Japanese theatre and skills in directing skills in a new way to create a work of theatre with a cross-cultural aesthetic appropriate to both the play and the audience. This production also gave the cast of undergraduate acting students the experience of combining truthful and stylized acting and introduced them to both kabuki and Stella Adler acting techniques. This text details the process of preparing the text, the discussions, exercises and techniques used in rehearsal, the impact of design elements on the performance and concludes with some thoughts on future development of this production concept with a fuller realization of the kabuki-inspiration.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as bases teóricas pelas quais o Marquês de Sade edificou sua filosofia, a saber, precisamente, a influência de La Mettrie e Holbach, o que compreende um estudo da natureza e a questão mecânica na composição dos seres, incorrendo a um determinismo fundamental na corrente materialista do século XVIII. Importa compreender de que maneira tomou a tese do homem como máquina e a ideia de uma natureza criadora-destruidora, que lhe permitiu um imoralismo declarado, pautado não somente na natureza mas em um ateísmo militante. As consequências desse percurso incorrem na tese do contra-iluminismo do Marquês de Sade que, homem de seu tempo, edificou uma obra pautada no combate, na denúncia, no discurso dominante que caracteriza a diferença entre fortes e fracos. A exigência de felicidade tem a realização do pleno curso das paixões, explorando todas as dimensões da máquina corporal que pode ser feliz, sob a ótica libertina, na prática do crime. O modo como Sade se antecipa em tratar do mal sendo um componente da natureza, fonte de prazer, resulta também na intolerância do libertino em relação à vítima. / This work aims to analyze the theoretical bases by which the Marquis de Sade built his philosophy, namely precisely the influence of La Mettrie and Holbach, which includes a study of nature and the mechanical question in the composition of beings, incurring to a fundamental determinism in the materialist current of the eighteenth century. It is important to understand how he took the thesis of mankind as a machine and the idea of a creative-destructive nature which allowed him to have a declared immoralism, based not only on nature, but also on militant atheism. The consequences of this path, incurs on the thesis of the counter-enlightenment of the Marquis de Sade who, man of his time, built a work based on combat, on denunciation, on the dominant discourse that characterizes the difference between strong and weak. The happiness demand is achieved by the total flow of passions, exploring all the dimensions of the corporal machine that can be happy, under the libertine optics, in the practice of crime. The way how Sade anticipates on treating evil as a component of nature, source of pleasure, also results in the intolerance of the libertine towards the victim.

This thesis is an enquiry into the Marquis de Sade, his writing and the perversion known as sadism. The narrower focus of this thesis investigates the problem of the meeting of violence and language in Sade's novels and the implications for cinema. The procedure has been to adopt the Critical and Clinical approach to philosophy that brings together both the literary style of Sade and the clinical symptoms of sadism. This method canvasses a number of Sades novels to consider the psychoanalytical definition of sadism before moving on to discuss the expression of sadism through language. Finally, the model of sadism and language is then applied to a number of films to discuss how violence within the context of sadism functions through language within cinema. The general results show how speech and action can be defined as equivalent forms of sadian violence when expressed through language in both literature and cinema. This occurs, furthermore, through the transcendent model of violence where both speech and action refer to a higher order of violence and this is put at the service of the senses through language. The major conclusions reached suggest that language in literature and cinema can be a demonstrative form of the higher order of violence. Sadism draws out the violence and excess of the world by reflecting it within language. In doing so, violence is designated with a quality of the erotic through this excess. Finally, each act of violence within literature and cinema is an attempt to overcome taboos through transgression. The breaking of a taboo creates an amount of excess but also reinstates the taboo in what becomes an empty act of transgression. The excess is expressed through violence within language and deed according to a transcendent function of language in literature and cinema.

Dans cette thèse de pensée politique, nous examinerons certains des effets engendrés par l’œuvre du marquis de Sade. Nous chercherons à démontrer que le principal de ces effets est la destitution de toutes les tentatives d’ériger des « idoles ». Par « idoles » nous entendons tout ce qui est susceptible de se poser comme un « absolu » – qu’il s’agisse des idoles que l’on peut associer à l’Ancien régime (la monarchie de droit divin par exemple) ou celles, nouvelles, que la révolution pourrait être tentée de leur substituer (la vertu républicaine par exemple). Notre travail s’inspire d’un article de Claude Lefort, « Sade : le Boudoir et la Cité », selon lequel Sade ne peut être ramené à un promoteur du vice ou de la corruption – ce qui ne veut aucunement dire que son œuvre devrait être lue, à l’inverse, comme une défense de la vertu ou de l’incorruptibilité (révolutionnaires ou républicaines). Nous chercherons dans un premier temps à démontrer de quelle manière la destitution des idoles s’applique à des postures littéraires et philosophiques dont Sade a lui-même participé : libertinage, matérialisme et athéisme. Dans un second temps, nous nous concentrerons sur les opuscules politiques de Sade et sur ses engagements politiques. Aux termes de notre travail, apparaîtra alors un Sade, penseur d’une République fondée sur un mouvement d’ « institution/destitution », qui, à la lumière de ce qu’a théorisé Lefort, permet d’intégrer le doute et l’indétermination au sein d’une réflexion sur le politique.