No description available.

One of the most distinguishing features for companies today is that they must have a close collaboration and keep up a good relationship with their suppliers. This is important for the companies chance of survival and for them to compete in their markets. This essay will discuss the subject of Scania’s long-term collaboration with their suppliers. The purpose of the essay in this case study is to analyze if a long-term cooperation with a supplier is of essence upon renegotiations of continued collaboration. The hypothesis is: What effects do a long-term collaboration with suppliers have for decreased production costs with maintained quality, within the vehicle industry?The empirical survey has been made in the form of a case study of Scania and two of their suppliers, WABCO and PlaCell. In the theoretical part, a number of logistics theories have been examined, among others the ”value star”. The theories have then been compared with the empirical survey.The survey shows that Scania, WABCO and PlaCell make good effort to keep up and strengthen their relationships amongst each other. Among other things, theme days are organised between the companies to strenghten the relationships. Both WABCO and PlaCell are important to Scania. WABCO is a development supplier, which produces a very complex breaking system. PlaCell is a contract supplier of injection moulding, which is an easier product to find alternative suppliers for.The result will show that the significance of the suppliers is very important, according to Scania. Scania spend a lot of time and resources to find clever and reliable suppliers, but it is not guaranteed that the cooperation will continue. The investigations in this essay will show that these collaborations are of large importance to Scania with regards to lower production costs with quality maintained. Long term cooperation can help to and maintain a good quality. This together with a sound and continuous competitive situation where every product/function are manufactured by the right supplier gives, according to Scania, the best total cost.

The society of today can’t manage without transportation. We need transports to getfood, to go to work and to create new products. The transportation ofgood is thus an important part in the function of the society and they’ll increase, bothin number and in amount. The efficiency of the transportation system isessential for us to be able to continue living as we are used to. The aim of this thesis has been to create a simplified representation of the variousways to efficient freight transportation. The problems have been to find outwhich factors that determine the conditions for an effective transport, which of thefactors that influence the effectiveness the most and if the carriers and theliterature have a similar picture of which these factors are. Four measures of transport efficiency have been used in the thesis; loading ratio, CO2 emissions, damage to the cargo and delivery precision. To obtain this, a study of literature and interviews with six carriers was carriedthrough. Different measures of transport efficiency and the factors that mayaffect them were discussed. A conceptual model was developed to provide anunderstanding of how the transportation of goods, traders and transportefficiency are interrelated. The various carriers agreed that the selected measures are relevant measures oftransportation efficiency. They agreed on some factors that may affect theperformance indicators and disagreed on some. The differing in their opinions coulddepend on the different types of goods they shipping and within differentregions.

In this thesis an algorithm for detecting leakages in the pneumatic system of heavy vehicles is developed. Besides a description of this algorithm, the thesis includes a description of the pneumatic system of heavy vehicles, a review of some basic statistics and change detection analysis, and a description and analysis of some validation tests. Heavy vehicles use compressed air for various applications, including brakes and suspensions. Leakages in the pneumatic system are quite common and results in an increase in fuel usage, since more compressed air has to be produced. This is of course both environmentally and economically damaging. In order to avoid this damage, leakages need to be fixed. The first step is to notice the presence of leakages. The leakage detecting algorithm is based on a statistical deviation analysis. Inputs used are pressure measurements from the different compressed air circuits and some state variables regarding the compressed air users. All this information is communicated aboard on the vehicles’ controller area network (CAN). The algorithm has been validated using real data measurements from test drives, some of them including a vehicle suffering from leakages. The results indicate that the algorithm manages to identify leakages, but also that there are some problems regarding incorrectly interpreting other events as leakages. The results also indicate that the algorithm fail in the ambition to locate the leakages. If this algorithm should be implemented in a real time system to be used aboard, it is suggested that some improvements are made. These improvements mainly concern avoiding false alarms.

In the automatic manual transmission system, Opticruise, the choice of gear is based on several parameters such as road incline, driving resistance and vehicle mass. Many different mass estimations are made during driving. A final vehicle mass is then used to determine the current gear. Construction vehicles are often not equipped with air suspension and can therefore not estimate the vehicle mass when standing still. If that sort of vehicle is reloaded while standing still an incorrect mass estimation will be used and as an effect of that also a wrong gear. The solution of this problem is divided into two parts: first to detect the reload and then to estimate the new mass. An accelerometer will be used to detect a reload before start, because it reacts on the gradient change of the vehicle. A force equation will also be used to detect a reload, but only after the start, because it needs access to the vehicle acceleration to make the calculation. After a reload has been detected a new mass can be estimated. The estimation is based on previous vehicle mass estimated during driving. The new mass will be reasonable, if the assumption that the vehicle is mostly driving empty or fully loaded is true, and if it is possible to determine whether the vehicle becomes lighter or heavier at the reload.

In the haulage business customers are constantly requesting new features. Hence thedevelopment department must constantly update their system which ultimatelyresults in a variety of versions of the system. The large number of versions creates acomplexity which often reduces product quality and extends the developmentlifecycle time. The work on the following thesis has taken place at Scania’s Fleet Managementdepartment, which develops tools for hauliers to track their vehicle fleet in real time. The purpose of this thesis was to examine how Scania can handle an increasedamount of versions of the Fleet Management System which Scania expect will be seenin the future. The investigation was conducted by preparing a number of differentscenarios that formed the basis for a discussion of what these different scenarioswould mean for different parts of Scania’s business. A benchmarking was made with anumber of different companies with similar problems in order to find suggestions tohandle the complexity of many versions. This investigation together with ourtheoretical studies was then used to provide suggestions for how the future can bemanaged.The study shows that replacing hardware quickly becomes an expensive process withmany trucks on the market. It would be more profitable for Scania to keep thenumber of versions low by using wireless updates in the future. By an earlierinvolvement of end customers and with more frequent customer visits, the number ofiterations in the development process can be reduced, thereby decreasingdevelopment time. The introduction of a maintenance organization would alsosignificantly reduce the time it takes to solve lower priority issues.

Due to increasing regulations regarding new diesel vehicles particulate matteremissions the new Scania truck, Scania Euro 6, has been equipped with a particulatefilter. This component effectively stores the particles in the exhaust gas but must becleaned in order to prevent itself from clogging. The filter is cleaned through aprocess named regeneration which is a thermodynamic process in which thetemperature of the filter is raised through fuel supplied to the exhaust gas.The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the development of improved controlstrategies of the temperature during the regeneration process through thedevelopment of model-based controllers. These controllers are designed in order tohave good performance in stationary as well as automatic regeneration.In order to develop these model-based controllers a model of the system isconstructed. The model is described as a linear thermodynamic grey-box model withflow varying parameters, showing good results in validation.The model provides a simulation environment during the controller design, which isfocused around the development of linear regulators with the exhaust gas mass flowas a scheduling variable whose size determines controllers’ mode of operation. Basedon this approach an IMC controller and a PI controller with a combined feedforwardterm are developed and analyzed. Both controllers show good performance in termsof robustness and reference tracking. The authors' firm opinion is that controlstrategies with the exhaust gas mass flow as a scheduling variable is suitable forkeeping control of the temperature in the particulate filter during regeneration.

Problem formulation • Are there any factors affecting the choice of marketing strategy? • What is it that determines the degree for the company to use a standardized or a adapt marketing strategy? • How profitable is Scania's marketing strategy in each country? Objective: The overall aim of this study is based on local adaptation and global standardization to compare the degree to which the company Scania chooses to adapt or standardize its marketing to the South American and Asian markets. We also aim to compare and describe any factors that affect the countries' differences in marketing strategies and to evaluate and measure the profitability of marketing strategies in each market. Methodology: The study is limited to Scania's marketing in the truck market in Argentina, Brazil, Malaysia and Singapore from 2006 to 2010. In order to answer the study's problem formulation and purpose we have chosen to combine a qualitative and quantitative approach. Four interviews were conducted with marketing executives from Argentina, Brazil, Malaysia / Singapore and Sweden. We have also chosen to examine Scania's annual report and include figures on the market shares of Scania in the respective countries and the number of sold Scania truck which is then compared against the number of registered vehicles by country. The theories that have been raised is Globalization vs. localization, marketing mix / Relationship Marketing, diffusion theory, and profitability indicators to measure the profitability of marketing. Conclusions: We conclude that both Scania applies a custom and standard marketing strategy depending on the country. They choose to combine these two approaches. Furthermore, we have concluded that external factors have a major impact of the choice of marketing strategy. We may also find that marketing in Argentina and Brazil has been more profitable. The profitability in Singapore has been profitable, while in Malaysia it has been less profitable.

Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att skapa förståelse dels för hur lågkonjunkturen påverkar ledarskapet och dels för vilka organisatoriska förändringar som lågkonjunkturen har bidragit till för ett företag i ekonomisk nedgång. Vi har använt oss utav en kvalitativ undersökningsstrategi och gjort en fallstudie av Scania. Vi har utfört semi-strukturerade intervjuer med hjälp utav en intervjuguide. Vi har haft en hermeneutisk tolkningsansats där vi har haft som mål att skapa förståelse för hur ledarskap påverkas av lågkonjunkturen.                   Vi har presenterat vår empiri i två kapitel. I kapitel IV tas empirin upp i form av ett imaginärt personalmöte och i det efterföljande kapitlet analyseras empirin med hjälp av vår teoretiska referensram.       Scanias organisation har påverkats i hög grad av lågkonjunkturen exempelvis har antalet skift reducerats och den totala arbetstiden har minskat. Inom Scania satsas det nu väldigt mycket på utbildning och kompetensutveckling. Vi kan se att ledarskapet på Scania har påverkats av lågkonjunkturen då cheferna nu agerar mer som lärare där fokus nu ligger på stöd, information och motivation. Egenskaper som upplevs som extra viktiga i en lågkonjunktur är bland annat lyhördhet och tydlighet.

<p>Bakgrund: Flera stora produktionsföretag har börjat använda sig av utvecklingsprogram för sina leverantörerna för att sprida beprövade tanke- och arbetssätt och därigenom erhålla förbättrade prestationer av leverantörerna. Denna utveckling har i flera fall visat sig ge positiva förändringar på leverantörernas prestationer men det har varit svårt för kundföretagen att få kännedom om vad som verkligen har hänt i leverantörernas verksamheter. </p><p>Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att utreda vilka effekter som eftersträvas och erhålls när stora produktionsföretag, genom utvecklingsprogram, bedriver leverantörsutveckling. </p><p>Genomförande: Data och information har insamlats genom personliga intervjuer hos personer från ett stort produktionsföretag samt ett tvärsnitt av tre leverantörsföretags personal. </p><p>Resultat: Studien visar på att bakomliggande motiv till leverantörsutveckling är stabilitet i flödet, långsiktiga leverantörsrelationer, optimala processer och upprätthållandet av kontinuerliga förändring. Alla dessa motiv ligger som grund för ett övergripande motiv som är ökad konkurrenskraft i förädlingskedjan. Studien visar även på att beståndsdelar i utvecklingsprogram kan vara utbildning, gemensam problemlösning och certifiering av leverantörens verksamhet. Studien indikerar på initialt motstånd till leverantörsutvecklingen från leverantören. Resultatet av studien visar emellertid att leverantörsutveckling kan resultera i ett antal positiva effekter hos leverantörerna. Studien visar på positiva effekter på arbetsmiljö, personalens prestationer och samarbete, produktiviteten samt relationen till kundföretagen. Studien indikerar även att leverantörsutveckling kan få vissa effekter på leverantörerna i led två.</p>