This research project, Return of the Polynesian Phantom, investigates self-portraiture through the mediums of moving image, digital modeling, object making, and installation. It seeks to consider in these media an ambiguous threshold between lightness and darkness, the real and the fabricated. The proposition that it explores is that it is at such ambiguous thresholds that notions of identity are negotiated, and where the perception and interpretation of symbolic meaning renders identity phantom.

Janine Antoni's object- and performance-based works draw from multiple influences including feminism and conceptualism, and in these works the artist has fashioned an investigation of the self through the examination of the mother/child dyad, creating a more than fourteen-year body of work about these relationships that explore the implications of feminine imagery. Antoni’s works are an effort to distinguish her body as a feminine subject-object, but also to identify with as well as separate herself from the mother. While she is a conceptual artist, Antoni puts great emphasis on materiality. For her, the concept defines itself within the materials, and it is the process of the making that interests her most, empowering what is traditionally overlooked, forgotten, or disempowered. As she alternately separates from and connects with the mother and the foremothers of the artistic heritage that have surely contributed to establishing this identity, Antoni allows new images of the female to be made visible in a culture where they have traditionally been lacking.

L’autoportrait de Paul-Émile Borduas, unique expérience de ce genre artistique dans sa carrière, s’avère représenter une étape charnière dans sa construction personnelle et artistique. Notre étude s’amorce par la description formelle du tableau, l’identification du processus de création, l’analyse du problème de datation et la réflexion sur les influences et assimilations stylistiques. Les nombreux indices détectés sont exploités pour mettre en évidence la mutation des statuts intime et professionnel. À partir d’une introspection et d’un itinéraire spirituel, Borduas tente d’extérioriser sur la toile la complexité de sa personnalité et sa quête d’identité. Le tableau est révélateur de l’établissement d’un Moi accompagné d’un code d’expression personnel du peintre. Par ailleurs, il s’inscrit au démarrage d’une œuvre qui va participer à l’émergence progressive de la modernité artistique et sociale du Québec à partir des années 1930. L’artiste semble affirmer son statut professionnel en développant des stratégies qui allient, d’une part, tradition et modernité, et, d’autre part, incertitudes et volonté d’émancipation. En choisissant de se représenter lui-même dans son propre langage pictural et son code d’expression personnel, Borduas pose les jalons de son identité et s’impose comme artiste-peintre dans une société québécoise en voie de modernisation. / The self-portrait of Paul-Émile Borduas, unique experience in this artistic genre in his carrier, represents a milestone in his personal and artistic career. This work begins by the formal description and the study about stylistic influences and assimilations. Many key points are detected and exploited to bring out the mutations of intimate and professional status. From introspection and spiritual itinerary, Borduas tries to externalize on canvas the complexity of his personality and his quest for identity. The canvas is indicative of the establishment of an “ego” accompanied by a personal code of expression as a painter. Moreover, he built a canvas that will participate in the gradual emergence of the artistic and social modernity of Quebec from 1930. The artist seems to assert its professional status by developing strategies that combine on the one hand, tradition and modernity, and, on the other hand, uncertainty and desire for emancipation. By choosing to represent himself in his own pictorial language and his personal code of expression , Borduas lays the foundation of his identity and stands out as a painter in Quebec society in the progress of modernization.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This theoretical and practical research proposes to investigate the artistic creation process of photographic self-portraits. It analyzes the possibilities of identity reconfigurations, involved in this process, resulting in the series (Re)Configurações do eu [(Re)Configurations of me], produced from two different types of images: photos 3x4 of documents and fictional and dramatized photographs in domestic environment. The series is composed of works created from these contaminated photographs by pictorial means (encaustic painting) and digital manipulations (overlaps and juxtapositions of images in digital laboratory), printed on matte canvas. The works present the hidden body with other people's clothing and veils, establishing direct relationship with the camera that registers their "poses/actions". They also present space-temporal compositions overlapped, contained in each layer of the images. Through these procedures, the self-portrait s subgenre and the subjects identity are problematized, showing not an artist's identity seen as "mesmidade" but (re)configurations of me through hidings and possibilities of multiplications identity, produced in the images. Like this, from the documents photographs, that indicate a standardized "me", the work reach the production of many dramatized mes who are creations or fictions. / A presente pesquisa de mestrado tem como proposta investigar, de modo teórico-prático, o processo artístico de criação de autorretratos fotográficos, analisando as possibilidades de reconfigurações identitárias nele envolvidas. Resultou na série (Re)Configurações do eu , produzida a partir de dois tipos de imagens diferentes: fotografias 3x4 de documentos e fotografias ficcionais e encenadas em ambiente doméstico. É composta por trabalhos criados a partir dessas fotografias contaminadas por meios pictóricos (técnica de pintura-encáustica) e manipulações digitais (sobreposição e justaposição de imagens em laboratório digital), impressas em lona fosca. A série evidencia o corpo encoberto com vestimentas de outros indivíduos que não a autora/artista e véus, estabelecendo relação direta com a câmera fotográfica que registra suas poses/ações . Também apresenta variados agenciamentos espaço-temporais sobrepostos, contidos em cada camada das imagens. Através desses procedimentos, o subgênero do autorretrato e as questões identitárias do sujeito contemporâneo são problematizados, evidenciando-se, assim, não uma identidade do artista, encarada como mesmidade , mas (re)configurações do eu através de ocultações e possibilidades de multiplicações identitárias, produzidas nas imagens. Dessa forma, parte-se de fotografias de documentos, as quais presumem um eu padronizado, para atingir a produção de múltiplos eus encenados, que são criações ou ficções.

La Dynamique de la Persistance Identitaire se veut, à travers l'autoportrait plastique, une analyse des notions du moi et du surmoi. L'autoportrait soulève pour la majorité des artistes, des plus anciens aux plus novateurs, la question de l'identité à travers l'apparence, le caractère, mais aussi des origines sociales et culturelles et son exacerbation amène à un narcissisme qui fut le moteur de l'activité de nombreux maîtres parmi les plus illustres. Se remémorer certaines périodes de la vie, des souvenirs heureux ou malheureux de situations vécues, conduit à l'introspection, où le temps est une notion majeure artistique et nécessaire à la structuration psychologique d'un individu. De nombreux artistes se sont penchés sur leur image en employant de nombreuses techniques plastiques traditionnelles et, depuis peu, expérimentales (expériences tridimensionnelles). Ces représentations, à l'aide des nouveaux outils informatiques accessibles à tous, sont désormais modifiables à volonté, apportant un choix illimité d'altérations réversibles en mode uniquement virtuel. Dans un travail initial (Evolution Identitaire) ce dessein interroge l'autoportrait de l'auteur à l'aide de dessins unicolores éclairés de rehauts de blancs ou chaque visage apparaît trait par trait pour constituer l'individu. La Dynamique de la Persistance Identitaire remet en question ces trente et un visages représentés le plus objectivement possible pour dévier de l'image réelle à l'image rêvée, par la technique du Makeover, très utilisé sur internet et donnant ainsi une possibilité de reconquête de l'identité, à la recherche d'une esthétique optimisée, adaptée au choix de l'artiste: deux cent dix-sept dessins, toutes réalisations confondues, sont ainsi conçus. Cet ensemble est diffusé à travers une exposition et une vidéo et il est adaptable à plusieurs espaces sous trois formes complémentaires :une double frise chronologique en parallèle d'autoportraits format A4 sur un papier légèrement teinté où sont confrontées représentations objectives et subjectives des formes suivant les critères des lois de la Gestalt. une vidéo projection ou les visages se dévoilent progressivement, donnant ainsi naissance à une technique dite "dessin évolutif', proche de l'animation, et donnant vie à l'individu avec le morphing en étape ultime qui dévoile avec fluidité un nouveau visage rectifié selon les désirs de l'auteur, une longue frise chronologique format A2 blanc où l'image vécue est couplée et confronté à l'image idéalisée, sur une même représentation, par deux couleurs différentes pour signifier les corrections accomplies. Cette recherche devrait être complétée, dans l'avenir, toujours avec pour moteur la recherche de réalisations d'autoportraits tridimensionnels, à l'aide de technologies pointues, telles anamorphoses et imprimante 3D. / Dynamics of identity Persistence wants, through the plastic self-portrait, an analysis of the concepts of ego and superego. Self Portrait raises for the majority of artists, from the oldest to the most innovative, the question of identity through the appearance, character, but also social and cultural origins and exacerbation leads to a narcissism that was the engine the activity of man y of Art masters. Remember certain periods of life, happy or unhappy memories of life situations, leads to introspection, where time is a necessary artistic and psychological structuring an individual major concept. Many artists have focused on their image using many traditional engineering plastics and, more recently, experimental (three-dimensional experiments). These representations using new tools accessible to all are now modified at will, bringing unlimited choice reversible alterations only virtual mode. In initial work (Identity Evolution) this design questions the portrait of the author with one colored drawings illuminated highlights of each face appears white or line by line to form the individual. Dynamics of identity Persistence puts into these thirty questions and faces presented as objectively as possible to deviate from the actual image to the perfect picture, the technique Makeover, widely used on the Internet and giving an opportunity to reconquer identity, the search for an aesthetic optimized, adapted to the choice of the artist: two hundred and seventeen drawings, ail outputs combined, are well designed. This package is distributed through an exhibition and a video that is adaptable to many spaces in three complementary ways:-A double timeline of self-portraits in parallel on A4 paper with a lightly tinted face objective and subjective representations of forms depending on the requirements of Gestalt's laws. -A video projection where faces are gradually revealed, giving rise to " evolutionary drawing " , close to the animation technique, and giving life to the individual with the morphing ultimate step reveals a new face smoothly corrected according to the wishes of the author. -A long white frieze chronological format A2 where the image is coupled lived and confronted with the idealized image, on the same representation by two different colors to signify the completed corrections. This research should be completed in the future, always with engine research achievements of three-dimensional self-portraits, with pointed and such anamorphic 30 printer technologies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:18:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lilian2.pdf: 3345748 bytes, checksum: bce81bd804bd436b12e7e520aefc5cdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Investigating the foundations of thought and production of photographic self-portraits, through a literature review and documentary photographic practices that use the self-portrait as a genre and poetic art from the twentieth century, this research aims to analyze how these relate to their productions time, looking for ways to draw a greater understanding of current photographic production, through an analysis and reflection of the content covered. Therefore, we took as a starting point to investigate ways and conceptual and aesthetic concerns of a group of contemporary artists in the exhibition I unfold in Many - A self-representation in Contemporary Photography, part of FOTORIO 2011 - International Meeting of Photography of Rio de Janeiro, which occurred in CCBB - Centro Cultural Banco do Brazil, in the period from May 31 to July 10, 2011, curated by Milton Guran and Joan Mazza, which led to several exhibitions and other developments on the theme. / Investigando as bases de pensamento e produção de autorretratos fotográficos, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental das práticas fotográficas que utilizam o autorretrato como gênero e poética artística a partir do século XX, a presente pesquisa pretende analisar de que forma essas produções se relacionam com seu tempo, procurando traçar caminhos para uma maior compreensão da produção fotográfica atual, através de uma análise e reflexão dos conteúdos abordados. Para tanto, tomou-se como ponto de partida a investigação de formas e preocupações conceituais e estéticas de um grupo de artistas contemporâneos presentes na exposição Eu me Desdobro em Muitos - A Autorrepresentação na Fotografia Contemporânea, parte integrante do FOTORIO 2011 - Encontro Internacional de Fotografia do Rio de Janeiro, ocorrida no CCBB - Centro Cultural do Banco do Brasil, no período do dia 31 de maio a 10 de julho de 2011, sob curadoria de Milton Guran e Joana Mazza, o que levou a várias outras exposições e desdobramentos sobre o tem

Esta pesquisa propõe uma reflexão sobre a tecnologia colaborativa e a visualidade como os principais elementos para construção da identidade nas redes sociais, com ênfase na fotografia e no vídeo. A explosão, nos últimos 20 anos, dos processos de mediação tecnológica, já consolidados como parte da vida cotidiana, tem gerado uma forma distinta de construir identidades, fato que denominei como conceito de trabalho, Identidades Expandidas. Neste trabalho, descrevo como antecedentes, duas trajetórias separadas, mas interligadas, que dão conta da conformação destas identidades expendidas e configuram um campo emergente, para posteriormente elaborar uma análise de sua relação com as mídias e com a arte contemporânea utilizando diversos exemplos de produções recentes. De uma parte, está a trajetória da tecnologia em rede desde os primórdios até a Web 2.0 ou Web Social, mediação que proporcionou ferramentas importantes para arquitetar novos modelos da identidade individual, e que atualmente estão centrados na sobre-exposição do Eu na imagem interconectada. De outra, está a trajetória das tecnologias da visão usadas quase exclusivamente na arte como exercício de análise para a autoexploração, o que deu como expressão máxima o autorretrato, que recentemente se viu confrontado por o excesso de autoimagens na rede. No ponto em que confluem estas duas trajetórias se instala o recém-chamado Selfie, que é a prática paradigmática da imagem em rede. O selfie é usado como foco de estudo porque é um exemplo destacado de como a tecnologia, visualidade e identidade tem influenciado as mídias e novas práticas artísticas. O objetivo do trabalho que aqui apresento é refletir sobre a relação entre tecnologias sociais, processos de subjetivação, imagens digitais e práticas artistas, num diálogo sobre a transformação radical da visualidade contemporânea. / This research proposes a reflection about collaborative technology and the visuality as the main elements for identity construction on social networks, focusing on photography and video. The explosion, on the last 20 years, of technologically mediated processes that are becoming part of the everyday life, has shaped a new form of identity construction that I have called Expanded Identities. In this work I describe two different but interconnected trajectories that set the base for an understanding of these expanded identities. With these trajectories as a base the analysis, describes several cases in media and art works that engage with these identities and outline an emergent field. The first trajectory frames Internet history focusing on the technologies that make possible the so-called Web 2.0, a social web. These set of technologies create affordances that shape new models of identity that are centered on the over exhibition of networked images. The second trajectory accounts for the technologies of vision that had been traditionally used only by artists as a self-exploration analysis, being the self-portrait as the main genre. This relationship is challenged right now because of the excess of self-images online known as Selfies. These trajectories converge precisely in the Selfie as the paradigmatic practice of the networked image. The selfie is used asfocus ofstudy because it is a good example of how technologies, visuality and identities are influencing the media and new artistic practices. The main objective of this research is to reflect upon the relationship between technologies,subjectivity processes, digital images and artistic practices that form a dialogue on the radical transformations of contemporary visuality.

Cette thèse présente une réflexion sur les multiples figures du romancier américain qui émergent des entretiens littéraires de The Paris Review entre 1953 et 1973, soit les deux premières décennies d'existence de la revue. Afin de mieux saisir les spécificités et l'impact du modèle d'entretien littéraire créé par une poignée de rédacteurs aussi inspirés que débutants, cette étude revient tout d'abord sur l'histoire des little magazines, sur le contexte de la création et le fonctionnement interne de The Paris Review, avant de retracer l'histoire complexe de l'entretien littéraire. Grâce à l'analyse des archives de la revue, elle met en évidence la collaboration de l'équipe de rédacteurs et des romanciers interviewés dans un processus novateur de réécriture des entretiens. Car l'entretien littéraire est un lieu de négociation de différentes autorités, entre l'« ethos préalable » de l'écrivain utilisé par l'interviewer et les diverses stratégies (scénographies auctoriales, postures, « prêt à être écrivain ») déployées par le romancier pour asseoir sa légitimité. Derrière le portrait à deux voix que semble être l'entretien littéraire apparaît bientôt l'autoportrait de l'écrivain. L'entretien littéraire de The Paris Review donne lieu à une forme de fiction biographique, à travers laquelle l'écrivain que The Paris Review était venu interroger sur « l'art de la fiction » laisse la parole à l'auteur pour construire et défendre son image. / This dissertation examines the various figures of the American novelist which takes form in the famous literary interviews published by The Paris Review during the first two decades of its existence (1953-1973). In order to analyze the specificities and the impact of the new model of literary interview created by the inspired, yet inexperienced editors and interviewers of the review, this dissertation first traces the history of "little magazines" as well as the context in which the Paris Review interviews were shaped and polished, and then analyzes the complex history of the literary interview as a genre. Through the study of the archives of the review, the author casts a light on the collaboration between the editorial board and the interviewed novelists during the demanding rewriting process of the literary interviews. The literary interview thus appears as a space where negotiations take place, opposing the preconceptions of the interviewer to the various strategies displayed by the novelist in order to assert his legitimacy. What was originally designed as a single portrait composed by two instances actually turns into the novelist's controlled self-portrait.Ultimately The Paris Review literary interview becomes a form of biographical fiction, in which the writer, initally questioned on "the art of fiction", leaves center stage to the author, who takes great care of his own public persona.

Dans la variété des thèmes et des formes offerte par les essais de Marguerite Yourcenar, s’ébauche et s’affine le « portrait d’une voix », incitant le lecteur à réfléchir, à la suite de l’essayiste elle-même, à l’avertissement de Jorge Luis Borges : « Un écrivain croit parler de beaucoup de choses, mais ce qu’il laisse, s’il a de la chance, c’est une image de soi ». Ces essais où s’affrontent des visions contradictoires du temps et de l’identité, retracent l’histoire de la résistance du moi à son extinction, prônée par un je qui reste souverain par-delà les métamorphoses. Des premiers essais, où la jeune « Marg Yourcenar » s’effraie et s’enchante, dans un style « tendu et orné », de la décadence de l’Occident, aux dernières notes jetées dans ses carnets, la métaphore récurrente de l’érosion traduit le travail d’épure auquel est soumis le genre, comme l’autoportrait qui s’y dessine. Ce travail est sous-tendu par une vision du temps qui oscille entre écoulement et permanence, et d’où émerge la valeur accordée à l’instant, premier pas vers la « magie sympathique » qui permet de s’établir en n’importe quel point du temps humain. Ainsi dilaté aux dimensions de la « constellation » universelle née de rencontres aléatoires ou surdéterminées, le moi inextinguible incarne pourtant les résurgences de l’individualité, enfin acceptée comme voie d’accès à l’universel. Au terme de cinquante ans de pratique de l’essai, Marguerite Yourcenar a conquis la liberté propre au genre, aux confins de l’autobiographie longtemps refusée, en acceptant que ses métamorphoses épousent au plus près la fluidité de la vie individuelle. / Through the variety of themes and forms offered by Marguerite Yourcenar's essays, the "portrait of a voice" progressively takes shape, inclining the reader to ponder, after the essayist herself, Jorge Luis Borges's warning : "A writer thinks he is tackling a lot of subjects; what he leaves behind, however - if he is lucky - is an image of himself". The essays, in which two contadictory conceptions of time and identity constantly clash, testify to the way the "self" resists its extinction, strongly recommended by the "I", which remains supreme beyond the metamorphoses. From the first essays, in which the young "Marg Yourcenar", in a tense and ornate style, appears to be both alarmed and enchanted by the decline of the West, to the last remarks jotted down in her notebooks, the recurring metaphor of the erosion conveys the extent to which the form is being refined, as well as the self-portrait that emerges from it. The process involves a conception of time that wavers between the flowing and the permanent, and brings forth the value given to the moment, first step towards the "sympathetic magic" which enables the reader to settle at any point of the human time. Thus expanded to the dimensions of the universal "constellation" born of random, or highly determined, encounters, the irrepressible "self" still embodies the resurgences of the individuality, accepted at last as a path towards the universal. After writing essays for fifty years, Marguerite Yourcenar conquered the liberty that defines the form and borders on the autobiographical, when she finally allowed its metamorphoses to closely match the fluidity of the individual life.