This study explores a significant and little studied aspect of the pioneering doctrinal work of the Fajia tradition, the Book of Lord Shang 商君書 (ca. 260 B.C. -‐233 B.C.): its system of rewards. In contrast with previous scholarship that has questioned the existence of a coherent Legalist political vision and even its idea of law fa 法 or that has focused strictly on penalty, this study considers Fajia law and discipline not only viable categories for analysis, but also important conceptual products of the intensely competitive, bellicose political climate of the Warring States period. The central concern is with the character fa 法 in Fajia texts. Beginning with an analysis of the Book of Lord Shang’s system of rewards, the study then examines how the use of the character fa 法 in this text distinguished itself from earlier usages and, hence, represents an important distinctly shared characteristic across Fajia texts generally. This shows that the Fajia system of rewards includes an important pedagogical aspect that requires the ruler’s subjects to develop themselves for the sake of state development. Therefore, this study also evaluates the pedagogical value of Fajia rewards based on social scientific research on organismic learning. This pedagogical aspect of Fajia governance, the study argues, is the means through which the Fajia notion of law reinforces its cultural ideals of the state. / 本文企圖考察在商君書(ca. 260 B.C. ‐ 233 B.C.)重要之一的方面：賞賜。以前的研究已經質疑連貫法家的政治思想，甚至其法律觀念鮮明特點的存在，或集中於嚴格刑罰的方面。可是這項研究認為法家的法律紀律的方面不只是可行的類別分析，還有法治觀念是戰國時期的競爭激烈，好戰的政治氣候的重要概念產品。最重要關注的是“法”字的意義在法家的文本。在開始本文分析商君書的獎勵系統。然後它探討如何在商君書中使用的“法”字，從早期的用途區分，以及它如何代表所有“法家”文本之間的一個重要的明顯特徵的共享。這表明，“法家”獎勵的系統包括一個重要的教學方面。它需要統治者的臣民來發展自己，為了國家的發展。因此，本文基於社會科學研究機體學習評估“法家”獎勵系統的教學價值。其實上，法家政治思想有這種教學方面的證明是強化了國家的文化理想的手段。 / King, Brandon Russell. / Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 415-424). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 11, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

none

The Research on Revaluing the Development of Taiwan in Feng Shang Reservoir in Kaohsiung Abstract Since weekend holidays were carried out, the government has emphasized the tourist recreation and advocated making state-run enterprises with special scenic spots open to the public for promoting use value of their resources. With a trend of economic liberalization, government businesses such as TSC, TPC, and TSIC need operating in diversification and start investing in the tourist industry, each of which is owned based on the government¡¦s initiating plans for increasing the number of tourists. The protective areas of water resource that belong to TWSC are abundant in the ecological environment; however, forbidding people to go there has led to an obvious phenomenon against the unique sources shared by the masses. On one hand, this research, by opening Feng Shang Reservoir in Kaohsiung, can make people closed to water, realize the processing water, understand the importance of water resources to construct a society concerning about water. On the other hand, by using the natural resources there well and multiplying services to attract tourists, it not only has the educational function implied in entertainment but also augments income. But running the protective area of water resources as a tourist site will cause some negative effects of environment and water pollution as well as the anxiety about scaring migratory birds. Therefore, the protection and management of water resources must be under the cautious control. Making use of CVM, this research regards Feng Shang Reservoir as a fictitious market, and the visitors there as research objects of the investigation questionnaire. Besides analyzing the topics like the Development Market Potential, Future Use Benefits, Non-User Benefits¡Ketc, the aims of the research include inspecting the attitudes of customers toward the willingness to participate in and to pay according to the interviewees¡¦ different attitudes of social experiences, different preferences of outside recreations, different identifications of the nature¡Ketc. The results are the followings: 1. Feng Shang Reservoir possesses the market potential. 2. Future use Benefits estimated between $NT30,000,000 and $NT50,000,000 every year are high. 3. Non-User Benefits estimated between $NT160,000,000 and $NT220,000,000 every year are quite high. 4. For the attitudes of customers, labors, government employees, staffs of public school, and people of middle and old age who recognize more about the nature have high willingness to participate in; the common people who recognize less about the nature need to inspire their willingness through educational advocacy. Judging from the above results, this research advises that after appropriately developing Feng Shang Reservoir to the masses, the educational functions of water resources and the social benefits of environment are shared by all the society, which are equal to the return for society and even to TWSC¡¦s positive performance. Keywords¡GCVM(Contingent Valuation Method), WTP(Willingness To Pay), Tourism, Revalue, Feng Shang Reservoir.

No description available.

冷戰之後，前蘇聯地區出現了一系列新獨立的共和國。哈薩克、烏茲別克、土庫曼、吉爾及斯和塔吉克脫離蘇聯徹底獨立，並加入聯合國；宣告了中亞地區在歐亞大陸腹地的重新崛起，並改變了歐亞大陸的地緣政治格局。 中共為了強化與俄羅斯、哈薩克、吉爾吉斯、和塔吉克四國的邊境安全和相互信心，於是創建了「上海五國」會晤機制。之後逐年召開會晤，2001年，更將「上海五國」機制改為「上海合作組織」之正式組織。該組織是第一個中國作為創始國的區域性合作國際組織，其順利發展和有效發揮職能不僅對維護中共周邊環境的穩定、擴大中共對外經濟活動空間有重大的現實意義，而且對於中共加入經濟全球化的進程的影響不容忽視。維護地區安全和加強經濟合作是「上海合作組織」的基本宗旨，推動「多邊外交」是其主要的任務。 本論文以中共在「上海合作組織」的多邊外交與合作為研究主題，主要探討的目的有1. 中共多邊外交的發展。2. 「上海合作組織」多邊合作形成的背景，演進的歷程與內容。3. 胡錦濤時期中共在「上海合作組織」中「多邊外交」的實踐對未來區域發展可能的影響進行研究評估，並針對該組織未來的可能發展與限制提出結論與建議。

李浩然. / "2003年7月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2003. / 參考文獻 (leaves 709-712). / 附中英文摘要. / "2003 nian 7 yue". / Li Haoran. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2003. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 709-712). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 論文摘要（中文) --- p.i / 論文摘要(英文） --- p.iii / 謝辭 --- p.v / 目錄 --- p.vi / 列表 --- p.viii / 圖像 --- p.ix / 總論 / Chapter 第一章 --- 研究題目 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 相關概念的定義 --- p.15 / 人民政治協商會議的成員構成 / Chapter 第三章 --- 政協委員的組成 --- p.35 / Chapter 第四章 --- 人民政治協商會議常務委員：政治精英研究 --- p.88 / 人民政治協商會議的功能和權力 / Chapter 第五章 --- 人民政治協商會議做了些什麼？ --- p.113 / Chapter 第六章 --- 人民政治協商會議的權力基礎 --- p.129 / 人民政治協商會議與中國社會的關係 / Chapter 第七章 --- 第八屆和第九屆政協委員的構成與今日中國社會的分層格局 --- p.144 / Chapter 第八章 --- 人民政治協商會議的作用和位置 --- p.170 / 結論 / Chapter 第九章 --- 人民政治協商會議應該更好地發揮作用 --- p.180 / 附錄：中國人民政治協商會議第一屆至第十屆全國委員會委員名錄 --- p.195 / 參考材料 --- p.698

近年由於大陸學者編纂＜商周金文合集＞，收集整理有關族氏銘文方面的資料，初步 發現商周銘文合共有一萬條左右，其中族氏銘文就偶四千幾百條，數量相當可觀，幾 乎接近總數的一半．因此，對於族氏銘文的收集，整理與研究，是個不容忽視的課題 ． 容庚＜金文編＞附錄上篇，最先將族氏銘文與其他商周金文分別開來，而統稱之為「 圖形文字」．＜金文編＞是一本檢查金文的字典，將形同形似的文字歸類，不作解釋 ．後來張自昇、周法高、李孝定三位根據＜三訂金文編＞附錄上篇所收之圖形文字之 不可識者，編寫成＜金文詁林附錄＞，上篇也收錄了圖形文字，但將各家有關的解釋 ，臚列於每字之後，並詳為論斷，是本論文重要的參考文獻． 研究方法，大抵採用了分析法、歸納法以及演繹法三種，就各章不同的材料以及需要 ，分別加以運用． 本論文各段落次序，首先說明研究的目的、以及資料來源．其次由檢討舊說出發，替 族氏銘文做定名的工夫，名稱統一之後，便能順暢地連接其餘各章．跟著便是族氏銘 文與甲骨文的比較雸究，以表列的方式，把有關的細目逐一統計．然後是族氏銘文的 分類說蒙．最後結論綜合說明本論文各章所得的結果． 在整理雸究的過程中，我們發現了族氏銘文既有族徽的功能，又有文字的性質，而族 氏銘文由於有不同的起源，又形成了不同的種類．總而言之，若要探索族氏銘文的本 來面目，不得不從已出土的地下資料入手．

This thesis deals with analysis of development of Chinese views on the origins of Chinese culture and statehood in view of archaeological research between the years 1940 and 1980. The analysis is based on information provided by popularizing media, specifically Chinese newspapers and high school textbooks, which are paired with archaeological overview from specialized publications written in English, Czech and Chinese language. Thesis consists of three parts. Firstly, it outlines development in archeology during four decades and the impact of nonacademic influence on scientific work. It serves as theoretical reference frame for the following analysis of Chinese sources. The second chapter deals with reflection of archaeological research in articles of the People's Daily newspapers. How are the archaeological findings valued by society, how does state ideology impacts on their research and it is related to that what are the geographical tendencies. Terminology and biased manner of expression in articles are also included to analysis. The third chapter consists of the study of views on the history of Chinese antiquity in textbooks. In which ways were textological historiography and outcome of archaeological research combined, including factual chronology of historical events and geographical location...

余兆權. / 論文(碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部,1995. / 參考文獻: leaves 91-97. / Yu Zhaoquan. / 論文提要 --- p.III / Chapter 笫一章 --- 緒綸 --- p.1-14 / Chapter 笫一´節´ؤؤ --- 研究緣起與目的 --- p.1-2 / Chapter 笫二´節´ؤؤ --- 研究範圍與方法 --- p.2-7 / Chapter 笫三´節´ؤؤ --- 商鞅及韓非其人其書簡介 --- p.8-14 / Chapter 笫二章 --- 從《商君書》看商鞅的歷史觀 --- p.15-32 / Chapter 第一´節´ؤؤ --- 歷史三世¨®Ơ與歷史演化觀 --- p.15-19 / Chapter 笫二´節´ؤؤ --- 歷史發展根源論與國家起源論 --- p.20-22 / Chapter 第三´節´ؤؤ --- 尊古而不法古的先王觀 --- p.22-27 / Chapter 笫四´節´ؤؤ --- 因時制宜的變古觀 --- p.27-29 / Chapter 笫五´節´ؤؤ --- 利用歷史為政治工具的歷史功用論 --- p.29-31 / Chapter 笫六´節´ؤؤ --- 小結 --- p.31-32 / Chapter 笫三章 --- 從《韓非子》看韓非的歷史觀 --- p.33-58 / Chapter 笫一´節´ؤؤ --- 歷史分期¨®Ơ與歷史演化觀 --- p.33:36 / Chapter 笫二´節´ؤؤ --- 歷史發展的社會、經濟根源論 --- p.37-40 / Chapter 笫三´節´ؤؤ --- 尊古而不法古的先王觀 --- p.40-45 / Chapter 笫四´節´ؤؤ --- 因時制宜的變古觀 --- p.45-48 / Chapter 笫五´節´ؤؤ --- 反天命而重人事的聖王史觀 --- p.49-52 / Chapter 笫六´節´ؤؤ --- 制用的史學思想 --- p.53-56 / Chapter 第七´節´ؤؤ --- 小結 --- p.57-58 / Chapter 笫四章 --- 先秦法家歷史觀的特色及其研議 --- p.59-71 / Chapter 笫一´節´ؤؤ --- 先秦法家歷史觀的特色 --- p.59-63 / Chapter 第二´節´ؤؤ --- 先秦法家歷史觀研議 --- p.63-71 / Chapter 笫五章 --- 結 論 --- p.72-74 / 各章註釋 --- p.75-90 / 参考書目 --- p.91-97

輪船招商局是清季自強運動中最早有關民生經濟的事業，也是中國炙N化一個重要的里程碑。然而從創辦到被政府收歸國營，該局體制變化分W繁，在中國近代企業史上可說是無出其右者；而其體制之改組，往往遠礄优F治的變動緊緊相扣，是以招商局的發展直可說是中國近代化歷程兢g滄桑的一個縮影。前輩學者雖已有多篇論文發表，惜多集中於清季，弘磪H後的研究則付諸闕如，因此筆者嘗試作一縱剖面之探討，希望能以妒齯[的時期、更廣泛的角度來了解政治環境與企業成長之關聯性，此乃奶戭膍s之動機。本文除第六章結論外，正文共為五章：第一章敘述輪船招商局之草創，先對當時中國航運界作一回顧，比蒂銴頝s式輪船與中國舊式沙船之興衰，爾後再說明國人欲建立新式航運楨狳□妙嬪憿A最後言及輪船招商局之創辦及其改組之原因。第二章探討中法戰爭前後官督商辦體制在該局之經營運作情況；戰咿菾荍膝扆茪H主導經營，官方力為維持，然中法戰爭所引發之一些問題’p金融風潮與外人代營，使政府不再放心將經營權交給商人，官派督辦麂□N了商人總辦，官商關係因中法戰爭而起一明顯之變化。第三章說明辛亥革命前後該局與清政府、臨時政府和北洋政府之關哄F由於清末政府將一些重要企業收歸國營，招商局股東為免該局為官所飽A故積極爭取商辦，爾後民國建立，該局再進行籌組新公司活動，惜未祕言\，招商局管理機構因此日趨僵化。第四章解釋國民政府所以介入該局整頓的原由；先說明商辦時期該坐孛g營績效，再比較北洋政府與南方廣州政府對航業的態度，並將民國爬~政局與招商局發展做一對照，最後則述及官督整理不易見效之因。第五章則分析招商局被收歸國營原因；由於內政不安與列強侵擾，陞蟀F府在推動航業政策上顯得有心無力，復因九一八事變和一二八戰役兮v響，中國航業備受衝擊，招商局又於此時驚傳借款弊案，國人交相指雩荍膝D事者盜賣航權，為整頓航業故，政府於是撥鉅款收買商股，將該圻玲k國營。