No description available.

The purpose of this essay is to study the film culture in South Africa in a national cinema-context, focusing on the relationship between anti-apartheid film from 1974-1994 and the film in South Africa today. By pitching the South Africa-specific works of Lucia Saks and Jacqueline Maingard against the over-arching debate on national cinema as formulated by, amongst others, Stephen Crofts and Andrew Higson, this study aims to find whether or not a specific South African national cinema have existed, and exists today, or not. The study finds that an underground culture of documentaries and short films made by and for the black population has been in place since the apartheid, and the distribution method on video and television is still being used to reach the black population today. By re-examining the concepts of both the national, and of national cinema to also include film on video and television, the study shows that South Africa has indeed a film culture that can be called a national cinema.

The aim of this study was to explore language censorship in Zimbabwean films in Shona and English. The study concentrated on the themes of politics, culture and economic in the genre of the documentary, feature and short film genres. It was demonstrated that the Zimbabwean laws enabled authorities to impose censorship strategies that ranged from banning, restriction, persecution of filmmakers, withdrawal of films from circulation, and threats of withdrawal of permits of film retailers. These visible, direct and banal forms of censorship have forced some filmmakers to flee the country. Most of the filmmakers who have remained in the country have been forced to deal with themes that appear harmless to the state. This state induced form of self-censorship on the filmmakers has resulted in the production of uncritical, and unreflective films whose staple diet were embedded in cultural stereotypes. The study argued that language is a signifying practice that cannot be interpreted in a single direction. Thus, despite these realities of film censorship some filmmakers deliberately encoded or used verbal and visual film language that generated surplus meanings with which the films could be re-read in ways that reveal new linguistic strategies to evade and challenge both the restrictive censorship laws as well as criticise the undemocratic political culture that has taken root in Zimbabwe. The study used eclectic theories such as Marxism, audience-reception approach, critical legal theories and language theories to analyse the films. The explanatory capacity of these theories helped to reveal the contradictory ways in which the desire to impose restrictions on film meanings was constantly undermined in the innovative language of the films. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

The following report describes the pre-production, production, and post-production of the short film, 8.BIT.BROS, designed from its inception to fully exploit the years-developed, cumulative and varied skills of its director. The fantastical narrative focuses on the strained emotional dynamic between two adult brothers that have yet to come to terms with having witnessed their father’s death as children. Their trauma is dramatized and encapsulated in the videogame-themed psychotic hallucinations of the film’s protagonist. The director’s specialized skill-set was put to practical use in both the creation of animatronic creature effect, “Commander Gorgo,” and during the post-production phase of the film, wherein green screen compositing, animation, and motion graphics were used at length to bring the narrative life. / text

對於社工,一般大眾的瞭解不深,常伴隨著「做好事」、「幫助窮人」、「有愛 心」等刻板印象;或是負面的「拆散家庭」、「多管閒事」、「官僚」;甚至有許多 人以為社工就是志工,是不支薪而樂於付出的一群。創作者自幼長期接觸社工與 其工作環境,盼透過影像創作方式,呈現台灣社工所面臨的某些現實。 《標準量表》從一兒虐案出發,以類紀錄片的方式帶出相關人事物,討論案 中每個角色所面臨的困難與心理衝擊,以及案發後所有人如何適應、回歸、繼續 生活。特別將視角集中在負責本案的基層社工,以她為敘事中心,講述一個社工 與家暴家庭的互動故事,呈現社工在個案服務工作中的心情轉折,讓觀眾有機會 認識這些心理負擔與壓力。並期待透過本片,建構一個兩難的世界,畢竟真實社 會中的習題,往往不是結束在一個定點,而是事情發生後,人們怎麼繼續走下去。 / We don’t know much about social workers, who sometimes been thought of “doing things good”, “helping the poor”, “kind and compassionate”; or accompanied with some negative thought, “destroy families”, “make uncalled-for meddling”, and “officialdom”. Even some people think social workers are volunteers, who are happy and willing to help people without salary. The writer of this story has contacted with social workers since she was a child and tries to show some reality of them by visual productions. Standard Scale of Humanity is a story of a basic level social worker and a child-abused family, and produced by skills of mockumentary. The film lets every character in the case talks about her stories, feelings, and how to back to the normal life after the tragedy, so the audiences have chances to know more about the pressure, load, and difficulties of social workers and offenders. Moreover, the production hopes to create a situation of dilemma, because things not always stop at a particular point in the real world, after all, it is more important to know how to live after something bad happened.

《罪羊人》是一部獨立集資並用高畫質數位單眼反射相機 （HD-DSLR）所攝製而成的原創劇情短片，從發想編寫到後製完成共歷經了一年多的時間，內容取材自創作者二十多年的生命經驗，將人生中的喜好、痛苦、感動、疑惑給整理融合並壓縮提煉出來，主題是關於罪惡、宗教和寬恕，故事敘述一名因醫療疏失而入獄服刑的救護車司機，出獄後依然擺脫不了罪惡感，進而陷入信仰混亂的洗罪過程，在經過一連串的掙扎，最後仍舊無法逃離循環的枷鎖，人與神似乎都不是罪惡難題的完美解答。 在文獻探討部分，本片因借用義大利西部片的老電影片段來當作情感連結和隱喻，於是回顧了互文理論和電影類型，另一方面本片也觸及了心理學、哲學和宗教儀式的主題，所以在負罪感以及猶太新年贖罪期也有所著墨，並列舉了三部相關電影長片作品來作評析比較，分別是韓國李滄東導演的《密陽》、德國法提阿金導演的《天堂邊緣》和墨西哥阿利安卓崗札雷伊納利圖導演的《靈魂的重量》。在作品呈現部分，分別從敘事、類型、選角、場勘、美術、服裝、表演、攝影、燈光、剪輯、配樂、聲音，將每個環節重點敘述和分析一次，包含思維想法、製作過程等等皆會融合納入不同段落，以期忠實呈現創作者的心靈。 / The Teshuvah is an independently-funded original narrative short film, which is shot by HD-DSLR camera. The creator taps into his real-life experience over the past 20 years and more, aggregating and distilling all the love, fondness, pain, affections and confusions, with its theme is set on sin, religions and forgiveness. The story tells an ambulance driver, who serves for his sentence in prison as he was convicted of medical negligence, haunted by his feeling of guilt after he came out of prison. He eventually becomes trapped by a chaos of seeking redemption from religious belief. After all his struggling, he still cannot escape from the shackle of life`s circulation, and it seems that either human or God(s) could provide a perfect answer to the riddle of crime. As for Literature Review, Intertextuality and movie genres are covered since the film has borrowed from old spaghetti-western movie clips to function as a metaphor of affections bound, while other topics like psychology, philosophy, and religious rituals are also referred to; hence, the feeling of guilt and Jewish Ten Days of Penitence are also depicted. Three other relevant feature films are listed herein to serve the purpose of critical analysis and comparison. They are Secret Sunshine by South Korean director Lee Chang-Tung, The Edge of Heaven by German director Fatih Akin, and 21 Grams by Mexican director Alejandro González Iñárritu. In the respect of presentations of film works, this thesis goes through every essential phase, outlines and provides analysis on narration, genres, casting, location hunting, arts, costumes, acting, shooting, lighting, editting, original music, and sounds. It also indicates that mindsets, production process and so on are also incorporated into different chapters of a film to faithfully represent its creators mind.

Mitt examensarbete bestod av både en gestaltande och en skriftlig del. Mitt arbete handlade om att göra en animerad kortfilm. Under 10 veckor animerade jag en film som kom att heta The Comet. En film om längtan, saknad och känslan av ensamhet. Till detta skrev jag också en rapport där jag redogjorde min process, inspiration, referenser, resultat och tankar kring min utställning i samband med arbetet. / My degree project consisted of both a creative and a written part. My work was about making an animated short film. For 10 weeks, I animated a movie called The Comet. A film about longing, missing and the feeling of loneliness. In addition, I also wrote a report describing my process, inspiration, references, results and thoughts about my exhibition in connection with the work.

Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-21T14:22:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissHH.pdf: 3913934 bytes, checksum: c71f30d226a7e462e602307c00b0a3e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T18:27:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissHH.pdf: 3913934 bytes, checksum: c71f30d226a7e462e602307c00b0a3e6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-21T18:27:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissHH.pdf: 3913934 bytes, checksum: c71f30d226a7e462e602307c00b0a3e6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T18:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissHH.pdf: 3913934 bytes, checksum: c71f30d226a7e462e602307c00b0a3e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This project aims to investigate aesthetic and signal subjects of Kieslowskian cinematographic language from the analysis of the episode 5 of the television series Decalogue (1988) and its respective version for cinema A short film about killing (1988). The aim is to study how Kieslowski constructs new relationships in extended version of this episode, the motivations that led him to rearrange them and/or reconstruct them, and what this option by “duplicating” the same movie can tell us about the cinema conception of this Polish director. / Serão investigadas questões sígnicas e ético-estéticas do discurso cinematográfico kieslowskiano, a partir da análise do episódio 5 da minissérie televisiva Decálogo (1988), em comparação com sua versão estendida no longa-metragem Não matarás (1988). O objetivo é estudar como Kieslowski constrói novas relações entre o formato de média-metragem (Decálogo 5) e o longa-metragem, quais as motivações que o levaram a rearranjá-los e/ou reconstruí-los, bem como o que esta opção, por “duplicar” uma mesma história, pode nos revelar sobre o projeto poético deste diretor polonês, naquele momento.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The texts bear indications of who is speaking, who is addressed and, also, of the social groups to which these subjects belong to. In the texts that state Aracaju this is no different. Thus, we took this as a starting point for our work which is one of the elements of the Aristotelian triangle of persuasive discourse, ethos - the image that the speaker constructs of himself in his discourse - that can be related to the discursive identity and that has been the focus of study in neo-rhetorical and discursive theoretical approaches. Thus, we try, from this proposal, to answer the following questions: (i) what is the discursive identity inherent in Aracaju? (Ii) and what is inherent to the Aracajuanos ?; (Iii) how are discursive images constructed in short movies produced in this city? We intend to analyze images linked to our city through two short movies produced by sergipeans, Isaac Dourado, Arthur Pinto and André Aragão: "Xandrilá" and "Madona e a cidade paraíso ". For this, we adopted as theoretical presuppositions, in this research, Aristotle's Argumentation and Rhetoric studies (2011 [384-322 BC]); Perelman and Olbrechets-Tyteca (2005 [1958]); Mosca (1999). Trying to merge them with the concept of intertextuality proposed by Bakhtin (2015 [1992]); Koch; Bentes; Cavalcante (2008), insofar as all text can resume other texts, which ends up showing an analogy between its interior and its exterior. Because of this, it gives us the possibility to understand how the discursive images present in the short movies were created. We also based our studies on Maingueneau (2005) and Amossy (2005), in order to give an extension of the concept of Aristotelian ethos. In Greimas and Courtés (2013 [1993]), as well as Barros (2012), we bought concepts of greimasian semiotics, and in Padovan (2001); Bernardet (1985 [1936]); Xavier (2012); Metz (1972) studies on cinema and / or short films. In order to obtain the desired results, we opted for the verbal and non-verbal analysis of some scenes of the short films in question, taking as a criteria for this clipping the opposition between sacred and profane. The same criteria was used to cut songs that make up the soundtrack. From these excerpts, we analyzed, in particular, the intertexts present in the films, considering intertextuality as an important strategy in the definition of ethé. The themes dealt with and their concretions in figures, scenography, and other diverse strategies that, along with intertextuality, could reveal the ideologies, values and beliefs of speaker and audience and indicate the discursive identities, ethé, that emerge from them was also considered in the analysis. The ethos revealed by the texts are, on one hand, the people who do not follow the standards of life imposed by society and, on the other hand, those who marginalize the former and conform to the behaviors considered appropriate to society. The ethos of the implied authors, the producers, as well as their audience, are still revealed, who are faithful to the origin of the short films and concerned with solving the problems that occurred in the city in which they live. With the result of these analyzes, we hope that by disseminating imagery and discursively the city, its history, its values, its culture and its people, there will be a significant diffusion of the knowledge about this region in several areas of activity. / Los textos tienen evidencia de hablar, que a quien va dirigida y también los grupos sociales a los que pertenecen estos temas. En los textos que hablan de Aracaju esto no es diferente. Por lo tanto, tomamos como punto de partida para nuestro trabajo en uno de los elementos del triángulo del discurso persuasivo aristotélica, el ethos - la imagen que el hablante construye a sí mismo en su discurso - que puede estar relacionado con la identidad discursiva y que ha sido el foco estudio en los enfoques teóricos neo-retóricos y discursivos. Por lo tanto, tratamos, a partir de esta propuesta, responder a las siguientes preguntas: (i) ¿ el que la identidad discursiva inherentes en Aracaju? (ii) ¿ y en el que el aracajunian inherente?; (iii) ¿ la forma en que se construyen las imágenes discursivas en cortometraje producidos en esta ciudad? Tenemos la intención, por lo tanto, al analizar las imágenes vinculadas a nuestra ciudad a través de dos cortometrajes producidos por sergipanos, Isaac Dourado, Arthur Pinto y André Aragão: "Xandrilá" y "Madona e a cidade paraíso". Por lo tanto, hemos adoptado los supuestos teóricos, estos estudios de investigación de la Argumentación y la Retórica de Aristóteles (2011 [384-322 a. C.]); Perelman y Olbrechets-Tyteca (2005 [1958]); Mosca (1999). Tratando de fusionarlos con el concepto de intertextualidad propuesto por Bakhtin (2015 [1992]); Koch; Bentes; Cavalcante (2008), en la que todo el texto se puede reanudar otros textos, lo que termina indicando una analogía entre su interior con su exterior. Debido a esto, nos da la oportunidad de entender cómo se crearon las imágenes discursivas en corto. También, nos embasamos en los estudios de Maingueneau (2005) y Amossy (2005) con el fin de dar una extensión del concepto de el ethos aristotélico. En Greimas y Courtés (2013 [1993]) y Barros (2012), traemos conceptos greimasiano semiótica, y Padovan (2001); Bernardet (1985 [1936]); Xavier (2012); Metz (1972) los estudios de cine y / o cortometrajes. Para obtener los resultados deseados, se optó por el análisis verbal y no verbal de algunas escenas de las películas cortas en cuestión, teniendo como criterio para este recorte la oposición entre lo sagrado y lo profano. El mismo criterio se utilizó para cortar canciones que componen la banda sonora. A partir de estos extractos, se analiza, en particular los intertextos presentes en las películas, teniendo en cuenta la intertextualidad como una estrategia importante en el establecimiento de ethé. Temas ellos y sus logros tratados en las figuras, el conjunto de diseño, además de varias otras estrategias que, por la intertextualidad, podrían revelar las ideologías, los valores y las creencias de los altavoces y auditorio e indicar las identidades discursivas, ethe, que luego emergen también se consideraron en el análisis. El ethé revelado por los textos son, por un lado, las personas que no siguen los estándares de vida impuestas por la sociedad y por el otro lado, aquellos que marginan a la primera y se ajustan las conductas consideradas apropiadas para la sociedad. Aún así revelar ethé autores implícitos, los productores, así como a su público, que muestran cierto que el origen de cortometrajes y de que se trate en la solución de los problemas que se produjeron en la ciudad en la que viven. Con los resultados de estos análisis, esperamos que la difusión de imágenes y discursivamente la ciudad, su historia, sus valores, su cultura y su gente, hay una significativa difusión de conocimientos sobre esta región en varias áreas. / Os textos trazem indícios de quem fala, daquele a quem se dirige e, também, dos grupos sociais a que pertencem esses sujeitos. Nos textos que falam sobre Aracaju isso não é diferente. Diante disso, tomamos como ponto de partida para o nosso trabalho um dos elementos do triângulo aristotélico do discurso persuasivo, o ethos – a imagem que o orador constrói de si em seu discurso –, que pode ser relacionado à identidade discursiva e que tem sido foco de estudo em abordagens teóricas neoretóricas e discursivas. Desse modo, tentamos, a partir desta proposta, responder as seguintes perguntas: (i) qual a identidade discursiva inerente a Aracaju? (ii) e qual a inerente aos aracajuanos?; (iii) de que forma são construídas imagens discursivas em curtas produzidas nesta cidade? Pretendemos, com isso, analisar imagens vinculadas à nossa cidade através de dois curtasmetragens produzidos por sergipanos, Isaac Dourado, Arthur Pinto e André Aragão: "Xandrilá" e "Madona e a cidade paraíso". Para tanto, adotamos como pressupostos teóricos, nesta pesquisa, estudos da Argumentação e Retórica de Aristóteles (2011 [384-322 a. C.]); Perelman e Olbrechets- Tyteca (2005 [1958]); Mosca (1999). Tentamos mesclá-los com o conceito de Intertextualidade proposto por Bakhtin (2015 [1992]); Koch; Bentes; Cavalcante (2008), na medida em que todo texto pode retomar outros textos, o que acaba evidenciando uma analogia entre o seu interior com o seu exterior. Por conta disso, nos dá a possibilidade de compreender como as imagens discursivas presentes nos curtas foram criadas. Também, nos embasamos em estudos de Maingueneau (2005) e Amossy (2005), a fim de dar um alargamento do conceito do ethos aristotélico. Em Greimas e Courtés (2013 [1993]), bem como Barros (2012), trazemos conceitos da semiótica greimasiana, e em Padovan (2001); Bernardet (1985 [1936]); Xavier (2012); Metz (1972) estudos sobre cinema e/ou os curtas-metragens. Para obtermos os resultados almejados, optamos pela análise verbal e não-verbal de algumas cenas dos curtas-metragens em questão, tomando como critério para esse recorte a oposição entre sagrado e profano. O mesmo critério foi utilizado para o recorte de músicas que compõem a trilha sonora. A partir desses excertos, analisamos, particularmente, os intertextos presentes nos filmes, considerando a intertextualidade como uma estratégia importante na definição de ethé. As temáticas tratadas e as suas concretizações em figuras, a cenografia, além de outras estratégias diversas que, junto à intertextualidade, pudessem revelar as ideologias, os valores, as crenças de orador, do auditório, indicar as identidades discursivas, os ethé, que daí emergem, também foram considerados na análise. Os ethé revelados pelos textos são, de um lado, das pessoas que não seguem os padrões de vida impostos pela sociedade e, de outro lado, os daqueles que marginalizam os primeiros e se ajustam aos comportamentos tidos como adequados à sociedade. Ainda se revelam os ethé dos autores implícitos, os produtores, bem como do seu auditório, que se mostram fiéis à origem dos curtas-metragens e preocupados em resolver os problemas ocorridos na cidade em que vivem. Com o resultado dessas análises, esperamos, que divulgando imagética e discursivamente a cidade, a sua história, os seus valores, a sua cultura e o seu povo, haja uma significativa difusão do conhecimento acerca desta região em diversas áreas de atuação.

The intent of this paper is to examine the conditions for Swedish filmmakers with the short film format as final goal. Through a qualitative study we investigate what paths there are for distributing short films through the digital platforms available today. We do this by interviewing some of the most experienced and successful short film creators in Sweden and one of Sweden's main financier in film creation, to provide as just image of the branch as we can. Short films with financing from the state and regional financiers rarely has any focus on economic gain. They are rather intended to help form filmmakers and give them an opportunity to establish themselves prior to further filmmaking. The main digital platform in Sweden is SVT Play, witch is much based on the fact that SVT is part of sponsoring a big part of the government financed short films. The greatest problem we found is the availability for short films through digital platforms, since SVT Play most often has exclusive rights and only buy viewing rights during periods. When you want to distribute your short film, the most important aspect is the context, the film should not only appeal the audience it reaches but it also has to appeal the audience in the situation where it reaches them. / Vi undersöker förutsättningarna för filmskapare i Sverige med kortfilmsformatet som slutmål. I form av en kvalitativ studie tar vi reda på vilka vägar det finns för att distribuera sina kortfilmer med hjälp av dagens digitala plattformar och hur dessa nyttjas. Detta görs genom att intervjua några av Sveriges mest erfarna och framgångsrika kortfilmsskapare och en av Sveriges största finansiärer av filmskapande för att skapa en så korrekt bild av branschen som möjligt. Det kompletteras med en kvantitativ enkätundersökning ämnad att skapa en generell bild av svenskars konsumtion av statligt och regionalt finansierad kortfilm. Kortfilmer med statligt och regionalt stöd har sällan något fokus på ekonomisk vinning. De är snarare ämnade att forma filmskapare och ge dem en möjlighet att grunda inför fortsatt filmskapande. Den huvudsakliga digitala plattformen är SVT Play, på grund av att SVT är med och sponsrar en stor del av de statligt och regionalt finansierade kortfilmerna. Det största problemet vi funnit är tillgängligheten för kortfilmer på digitala plattformar, då SVT Play oftast har exklusiva rättigheter och bara har visningsrättigheter periodvis. Då man vill sprida sin kortfilm handlar det främst om kontexten, att filmen inte bara ska tilltala publiken den når utan också tilltala publiken i den situation publiken är i då den når den.