Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2017-09-22T16:26:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luiz Martins de Lima Neto - 2017.pdf: 5278554 bytes, checksum: 5d1bade19dbb2f08d62e7b4733ede6cc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-09-25T11:42:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luiz Martins de Lima Neto - 2017.pdf: 5278554 bytes, checksum: 5d1bade19dbb2f08d62e7b4733ede6cc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-25T11:42:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luiz Martins de Lima Neto - 2017.pdf: 5278554 bytes, checksum: 5d1bade19dbb2f08d62e7b4733ede6cc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-23 / The main motivation for this study was my desire to expand my pedagogical and research practice, which I started in 2013 with the conclusion of my Course Final Paper (LIMA NETO, 2013, 2015). Thus, in this study, I aimed at problematizing the movement of social reproduction and resistance in a context of an English language classroom. More specifically, I aimed at discussing the movement of reproduction and resistance of hegemonic ideas and behaviour regarding the themes Body and beauty, Single stories and Domestic violence in an English V group in the UFG Language Center, whose work was based on critical perspectives of language education. For this purpose, I conducted a critical ethnography (MAINARDES; MARCONDES, 2011), which had as participants 16 female students, 7 male students and myself, as the teacher of the group. The empirical materials discussed in this study were generated through the use of four research sources: 1) questionnaires, 2) research diary, 3) lessons (audio and video recorded) and 4) students‟ written productions. To discuss these empirical materials, I have drawn upon authors from various areas of knowledge, such as (Critical) Applied Linguistics, Education, Philosophy, Cultural Studies, and Decolonial Studies. The results of the study point to the fact that the movement of social reproduction and resistance occurred in a complex way, which means that at the same time that we reproduced hegemonic ideas and behaviour about diverse sociocultural issues related to the topics approached in the class, we also resisted them. I believe that the relevance of this work resides precisely in the fact that it addresses the movement of social reproduction and resistance in a complex way, since it ratifies the idea that the (language) classroom can be either a space of social reproduction or a space of social transformation (CANAGARAJAH, 1993, 1999; FREIRE, 1979; NORTON, 2007; PENNYCOOK, 2001). / A principal motivação para a realização deste estudo foi o meu desejo de ampliar minha prática pedagógica e investigativa, à qual dei início, no ano de 2013, com a realização do meu Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (LIMA NETO, 2013, 2015). Assim, neste estudo, almejei problematizar o movimento de reprodução social e resistência num contexto de sala de aula de língua inglesa. Mais especificamente, almejei discutir o movimento de reprodução e resistência de ideias e de comportamentos hegemônicos a respeito dos temas Body and beauty, Single stories e Domestic violence numa turma de Inglês V do Centro de Línguas da UFG, cujo trabalho se fundamentou em perspectivas críticas de educação linguística. Para tanto, conduzi uma etnografia crítica (MAINARDES; MARCONDES, 2011), que teve como participantes 16 alunas, 7 alunos e eu, como professor da turma. O material empírico discutido neste trabalho foi gerado por meio da utilização de quatro fontes de pesquisa: 1) questionários, 2) diário de pesquisa, 3) aulas (gravadas em áudio e vídeo) e 4) produções escritas pelas/os alunas/os. Para discutir esse material, baseei-me em autoras/es de diversas áreas do conhecimento, tais como a Linguística Aplicada (Crítica), a Educação, a Filosofia, os Estudos Culturais e os Estudos Decoloniais. Os resultados do estudo apontam para o fato de que o movimento de reprodução social e resistência se deu de uma forma complexa, o que significa dizer que, ao mesmo tempo em que reproduzíamos ideias e comportamentos hegemônicos sobre questões socioculturais diversas relacionadas aos temas abordados em sala, nós também lhes resistíamos. Acredito que a relevância deste trabalho resida justamente no fato de abordar esse movimento de reprodução social e resistência de uma forma complexa, pois, assim, ratifica-se a ideia de que a sala de aula (de língua) pode ser um espaço tanto de reprodução quanto de transformação social (CANAGARAJAH, 1993, 1999; FREIRE, 1979; NORTON, 2007; PENNYCOOK, 2001).

Esta tese se propôs a pesquisar a reprodução social da classe trabalhadora na periferia da metrópole soteropolitana. O objetivo era compreender, no bojo do processo de modernização capitalista, o relacionamento entre as formas sociais de reprodução com as práticas da classe trabalhadora a partir de duas dimensões específicas: a do habitar e a do trabalho. Para tanto, buscamos dialogar com duas abordagens teóricas: a marxista de Henri Léfèbvre e a da resistência de Michel de Certeau. Este trabalho se compõe de cinco capítulos, além da introdução e considerações finais. No primeiro apresentamos nosso referencial teórico-metodológico. No segundo e terceiro capítulos são descritas as formas e práticas de reprodução da classe trabalhadora, respectivamente, nos níveis espaciais da cidade e do bairro. O quarto capítulo é o dedicado à análise formal do objeto. Enquanto no quinto a análise é de caráter dialético. Concluímos que parte significativa da reprodução da classe trabalhadora na periferia ocorre através de formas e práticas derivadas da escravidão, porque é uma condição necessária e contraditória da modernização capitalista típica em nossa formação social. / This thesis set out to investigate the social reproduction of working class in the outskirts of the city of Salvador. The goal was to understand in the middle of the process of capitalist modernization, the relationship between social forms of reproduction with the practices of the working class through two specific dimensions: that of dwelling and of the work. To do so, we tried to dialogue with two theoretical approaches: the Marxist of Henri Lefebvre and the resistance of Michel de Certeau. This work consists of five chapters, plus introduction and closing remarks. At first we present our theoretical method. In the second and third chapters the forms and practices of reproduction of the working class are describing, respectively, in the space levels of the city and neighborhood. The fourth chapter is devoted to formal analysis of the object. While in the fifth analysis is dialectical. We conclude that a significant proportion of the reproduction of the working class in the outskirts occurs through forms and practices derived from slavery because it is a necessary and contradictory condition of the typical capitalist modernization in our social formation.

Desde a antiguidade, as características epidemiológicas da hanseníase favoreceram sua propagação, principalmente diante de condições de adensamento populacional, deficiência de cuidados de higiene e baixa imunidade. As deformidades provocadas pela doença sempre degradaram a imagem do indivíduo, favorecendo a sua estigmatização. A intensificação do esforço em segregar os doentes com hanseníase no Brasil foi resultado de escolhas e formas de intervir na sociedade. A situação econômica do século XIX e XX, justificada pelo aumento dos casos de hanseníase e da necessidade de proteger a sociedade, levou as autoridades amazonenses, espelhadas nas condutas praticadas na Europa séculos atrás, a buscarem formas de criar locais para segregação e controle dos pacientes. Foi com este fim que surgiu o Leprosário Colônia Antonio Aleixo, no município de Manaus, em 1942. Nossa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a reprodução social (relação trabalho e vida) de moradores do bairro Colônia Antonio Aleixo em Manaus (AM), ex-colônia de hansenianos desde sua instalação até a atualidade, na transição de leprosário a bairro. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa, de natureza transversal descritivo-analítico, com abordagem baseada na concepção materialista e dialética da história, tendo sido privilegiados levantamentos de campo, com entrevistas, aplicação de questionários, mapeamentos e séries fotográficas, bem como levantamentos em fontes secundárias, em órgãos governamentais e núcleos de pesquisa, além de revisão bibliográfica. Os resultados mostram a discriminação e as práticas excludentes que os portadores de hanseníase puderam experimentar, praticada pela sociedade, família, governo, equipe de saúde e pelos administradores da Colônia. As redes sociais presentes na Colônia mostraram-se muito importantes para o enfrentamento da doença, seja pela sua função objetiva (ajuda prática), seja pela sua função subjetiva (apoio e afeto). Analisando a forma de viver dos doentes segregados, percebemos como o tratamento negligenciado os levou a consequências físicas e sociais graves, atingindo sua autonomia e sua auto-estima. Embora o bairro hoje possua serviços básicos de infraestrutura (escolas, hospitais, energia elétrica, água potável, transporte, segurança, dentre outros), todos apresentam graves deficiências. Quanto à situação socioeconômica das famílias do bairro, percebemos que 77,8% delas apresentam deficientes formas de trabalhar e viver, ou seja, sua inserção social simultaneamente não lhes confere estabilidade no momento da produção e cuja inserção no momento da reprodução só lhes confere luta pela sobrevivência. O processo de reprodução social dos moradores deste bairro segue a tendência de todo o país, mas consegue ter distorções maiores e apresentar maior gravidade. A identificação das famílias do estrato inferior (formas de trabalhar e de viver instáveis), em particular, é socialmente e epidemiologicamente muito importante, pois, é aí que se insere o núcleo básico da pobreza e da miséria e a sua reprodução. / Since ancient times, the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy favored its spread, especially because of conditions of high populational density, deficient hygiene cares and low immunity. The deformities caused by the disease always degraded the image of the individual, favouring their stigmatization. The intensified effort to segregate leprosy patients in Brazil was the result of choices and ways to intervene in society. The economic situation of the 19th and 20th centuries, justified by the increase of cases of leprosy and the need to protect society, led the authorities of Amazon, mirrored in the behavior practiced in Europe centuries ago, to seek ways to create places for control and segregation of patients . It was with this purpose that the Leper Colony Antonio Aleixo was created, at the city of Manaus, in 1942. Our research aims to analyze the social reproduction (work and life relation) of the residents of Colony Antonio Aleixo, a neighborhood in Manaus (AM), former leper colony, since its establishment until today, in the transition from the leper colony into the present neighborhood. This is a qualitative/quantitative research, of cross sectional descriptive-analytic nature, which approach is based in materialist and dialectic conception of history, privileging field surveys, interviews, questionnaire applications, mappings and photographic series, as well as surveys in secondary sources, governmental agencies and research groups, besides bibliographic reviews. The results show the discrimination and exclusionary practices that leprosy patients experienced, practiced by society, family, government, health professionals and by administrators of the colony. Social networks present in the Colony were found very important to confront the disease, either by their objective function (practical assistance) or by their subjective function (support and affection). Analyzing the way of life of segregated patients, we realize how the neglected treatment led them to severe physical and social consequences, affecting their autonomy and self-esteem. Although the neighborhood today has basic infrastructure services (schools, hospitals, electricity, drinking water, transportation, security, among others), they are all defectives. Concerning the socioeconomic conditions of families in that neighborhood, we noticed that 77,8% of them presents deficient ways to work and live, which means that their social inclusion does not provide them with stability at the time of production and that their inclusion at the time of reproduction only provides them with the basic \'fight for survival\'. The process of social reproduction of the residents of this neighborhood is a trend across the country, but here it shows even higher distortion and presents greater severity. The identification of families in the lower layer (unstable ways of working and living), in particular, is socially and epidemiologically very important, because there you find the basic core of poverty and misery and its reproduction.

The purpose of this research is to understand definitions of what it means to be a “good” parent as described by parents and child development specialists at a family service organization in the Southeastern United States. Previous research on social reproduction and concerted cultivation have opened up pathways to understanding how social and economic inequality manifest in family life and the social structures of which they are a part. This ethnographic study is an effort to contribute to an anthropology of parenting by unveiling the ways that definitions of “good” parenting in middle-class and wealthy communities reflect time-intensive, attachment-based ideologies that are also encouraged by child development professionals. Through a mixed-methods approach, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and electronic questionnaire, the author describes how parental beliefs about spending time with children and focusing on developmental milestones become central to ideas about “good” parenting. This widespread ideology is situated within a broader social and economic context to suggest that a system of inequality emerges when parents with less time, knowledge, and other resources are not able to access time-intensive parenting practices in the same way as parents more social and economic capital.

The purpose of this research is to understand definitions of what it means to be a “good” parent as described by parents and child development specialists at a family service organization in the Southeastern United States. Previous research on social reproduction and concerted cultivation have opened up pathways to understanding how social and economic inequality manifest in family life and the social structures of which they are a part. This ethnographic study is an effort to contribute to an anthropology of parenting by unveiling the ways that definitions of “good” parenting in middle-class and wealthy communities reflect time-intensive, attachment-based ideologies that are also encouraged by child development professionals. Through a mixed-methods approach, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and electronic questionnaire, the author describes how parental beliefs about spending time with children and focusing on developmental milestones become central to ideas about “good” parenting. This widespread ideology is situated within a broader social and economic context to suggest that a system of inequality emerges when parents with less time, knowledge, and other resources are not able to access time-intensive parenting practices in the same way as parents more social and economic capital.

A wave of maternity unit closure is sweeping through the North Atlantic zone, leaving rural communities without the care they crucially need. In its wake resistance grows, mobilizing against closures in the face of a discourse of economic efficiency and neoliberal austerity. To understand the issue, research on maternity care and geography offer useful insights on the particular costs and consequences of losing access to care but is less useful for engaging the causes behind them. Not suffering from a lack of critical engagement, Marxist theory enables the wave to be understood in terms of changing political incentives and the ways these have come about. The present essay brings the two fields together in an effort to aid local resistance in rural communities, concluding that regionalization does not operate on a logic of its own as is otherwise stated but on the logic of markets, imposed on governments by the neoliberalization of the Western world and beyond. The essay aims to provide the political-economic framework needed to confrontt he logic of markets, neoliberalism, and the capitalist political-economic system that underline the closures.

Denna studie syftar till att förklara samt karaktärisera personalvetarstudenters framtida yrkesval. Syftet preciseras med hjälp av två frågeställningar: Vilka karriärval strävar personalvetarstudenter mot? och Hur visar sig relationen mellan karriärval och personalvetares habitus? Studiens utgångspunkt grundar sig i teorier om habitus påverkan på karriärval. Habitus omfattar social kontext, familjebakgrund, erfarenheter, möjligheter och maktspel inom de sociala rummen. Studien utgår även från tidigare forskning inom det valda området vilka utgörs av studier och artiklar som belyser karriärvalets komplexitet och dess olika påverkansfaktorer.Studiens empiri bygger på ett urval av 101 personalvetarstudenter vid Uppsala Universitet. För att kunna besvara frågeställningar har en typologi över studenterna förankrats. Den baseras på studenternas handlingsmönster varpå två distinkta typer kunde utläsas: strategen och den luststyrda. Studiens resultat indikerar att personalvetarstudenter strävar främst mot att arbeta inom välkända, stora företag som inger hög status och ger möjlighet till meningsfulla- och stimulerande arbetsuppgifter. Respondenterna är generellt mer benägna att socialt reproduceras, i enlighet med deras familjebakgrund, än att utföra en vertikal- eller horisontell förflyttning. Slutligen påvisar resultatet att respondenternas karriärval är påverkade av deras habitus trots att detta ofta ter sig omedvetet.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Agro ecology have gained in a contradictory way more space in the global countryside. In Brazil, their inclusion in public policy reflects the demand and the political strength of this segment played by family farmers. In this context, access to such public policies on the one hand represents an opportunity to enter markets, ensuring the generation of income, autonomy and social reproduction of family farming in order to sociopolitical transformations towards sustainable rural development and on the other hand, operates tactically as capital expansion mechanism to incorporate the products and services from the practices and ways of living and working from the peasantry and the discourse of sustainability as economic dynamism elements. Before this problem, this thesis presents a case study to farmers of the Association of Producers in Agro ecology Sugar Loaf County (APAOrgânico) in Alagoas hinterland, and seeks to understand the process of construction of agro ecological experience APAOrgânico by social subjects from their practices, their ways of life, and their social reproduction strategies and, tangentially, as this is articulated and the influence of public policies for decision making and adherence to agro ecology. The study reconstructs the principal socio-productive systems engendered by the family agriculture to facilitate their social reproduction (economic and cultural) in the riverside portion of Sugarloaf municipality in a sociopolitical context dominated by agrarian elite rancher and its modern expression: agribusiness. The research showed the presence of agro ecological principles and practices carried out by peasant farmers related to the traditional management of the coastal ecosystem as identity elements and sociability, such as rice cultivation in "battalion" system, integrated practice of agriculture and artisanal fisheries, cotton intercropping with food crops, creating loose cattle in the bush and marketing at fairs and local markets. Agro ecology in this context is a constituent part of the lifestyle of the coastal farmers. However, social and environmental changes caused changes in lifestyle requiring flexibility and development strategies to ensure social reproduction. Thus, the membership organization for the production and marketing of organic food emerges as differential accessed by farmers as a marketing opportunity, a chance to facilitate their social reproduction. In this context of multiple interests, dialectically the riverside family farmers linked to APAOrgânico agency develops mechanisms and actively define their forms of resistance, their ways of life and their social reproduction strategies. This concrete experience points to the reflection characteristics of the institutional environment around the agro ecology promotion in the local context, in which case strongly marked by the socio-political environment, the interpersonal relations and the entrepreneurial bias, aspects that will determine the shape and contour of experience agro ecological of APAOrgânico. / A agroecologia vem conquistando cada vez mais espaço no mundo rural globalizado. No Brasil, sua inclusão em políticas públicas reflete a demanda e a força política desse segmento protagonizado pelos agricultores familiares, camponeses e comunidades tradicionais. Nesse contexto, o acesso a tais políticas públicas representa, por um lado, uma possibilidade de inserção em mercados, garantindo a geração de renda, autonomia e a reprodução social da agricultura familiar com vistas às transformações sociopolíticas na direção do desenvolvimento rural sustentável e, por outro, opera taticamente como mecanismo de ampliação do capital ao incorporar os produtos e serviços oriundos das práticas e modos de viver e trabalhar do campesinato e o discurso da sustentabilidade como elementos de dinamismo econômico. Diante desta problemática, a presente dissertação apresenta um estudo de caso realizado junto aos agricultores da Associação dos Produtores em Agroecologia do Município de Pão de Açúcar (APAOrgânico) no sertão alagoano e busca compreender o processo de construção da experiência agroecológica da APAOrgânico pelos sujeitos sociais a partir de suas práticas, seus modos de vida, e suas estratégias de reprodução social e, de forma tangencial, como essa experiência se articula e qual a influência das políticas públicas para a tomada de decisão e a adesão à agroecologia. O estudo reconstrói os principais sistemas socioprodutivos engendrados pela agriculta familiar camponesa para viabilizar sua reprodução social (econômica e cultural) na porção ribeirinha do município de Pão de Açúcar em um contexto sociopolítico dominado pela elite agrário-pecuarista e sua expressão moderna: o agronegócio. A pesquisa evidenciou a presença de princípios e práticas agroecológicos realizados pelos agricultores camponeses relacionados ao manejo tradicional do ecossistema ribeirinho como elementos de identidade e de sociabilidade, como a cultivo do arroz em sistema de “batalhão” - prática integrada de agricultura e pesca artesanal -, o cultivo consorciado de algodão com culturas de subsistência, a criação de gado solto na caatinga e a comercialização em feiras e mercados de proximidade. A agroecologia, neste contexto, é parte constituinte do modo de vida dos agricultores ribeirinhos. No entanto, mudanças socioambientais provocaram alterações no modo de vida local, exigindo flexibilidade e desenvolvimento de estratégias para garantir a reprodução social. Desse modo, a organização associativa para produção e comercialização de alimentos orgânicos emerge como diferencial acessado pelos agricultores familiares como uma oportunidade de comercialização, uma possibilidade para viabilizar sua reprodução social. Nesse contexto de múltiplos interesses, de forma dialética o agricultor familiar ribeirinho vinculado à APAOrgânico desenvolve mecanismos de agência e de maneira ativa define suas formas de resistência, seus modos de vida e suas estratégias de reprodução social. Essa experiência concreta aponta para a reflexão das particularidades do ambiente institucional em torno da promoção da agroecologia no contexto local, sendo neste caso fortemente marcado pela conjuntura sociopolítica, pelas relações interpessoais e pelo viés empreendedor, aspectos que irão determinar a forma e o contorno da experiência agroecológica da APAOrgânico.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis investigates socio-spatial trajectories of class formation and processes of accumulation from below and above on redistributed farmland, the ‘New Qwaqwa Farms’ in the Eastern Free State province of South Africa, from the mid-1980s to 2016. Class formation trajectories of the studied land beneficiaries are traced across localised historical geographies and political contexts, from apartheid to the current democratic dispensation, that is, from the land beneficiaries’ recent ancestral history as labour tenants on white-owned farmland, and subsequent systematic expulsions from farmland, to their Bantustan labour reserve resuscitations as mainly nonagricultural petty commodity producers, and later targeting for land reform, as one measure of redistribution. The study adopted a mixed-methods survey, combining indepth qualitative and quantitative data, informed by critical realism and historical materialism within Marxist agrarian political economy. This methodology was retrospective, circumspective and prospective in unravelling agricultural households’ livelihood trajectories over time and space. The state’s targeting of classes of labour and fragments of the middle class as beneficiaries of land reform in the area of study has materialised into heterogeneous land reform outcomes centred on differentiated farming systems, farming scales, and farm labour requirements. Research findings suggest class differentiation of a sample of 62 cases of family farms into agricultural households engaged in social reproduction (50%), simple reproduction (26%), and accumulation (24%). The first two categories, constituting 76% of the sample, are essentially small-scale capitalist enterprises engaged in constrained and successful reproduction of capital – some of these households can be theorised as an impoverished landed property for their reliance on farm-rental income, combined with marginal farming, and precarious off-farm work for social reproduction. These are small-scale capitalist enterprises on the basis of the capital-wage relation. Their farm production rest upon small livestock herd reproduction and generalised renting out of arable and grazing land. A minority of these small-scale capitalist farms use solely family labour and can thus be defined as petty commodity producers on the basis of their embodiment of the capital-wage relation in one soul or family. The third category constitutes agricultural households on upward trajectories of capital accumulation from below and above, through expanded reproduction of mixed-farming systems, expressed in intensive farming of small but capitalised farms, as well as extensive farming expressed in livestock expansion/accumulation and renting in of additional grazing land, plus capital intensive crop expansion on non-irrigated land and renting in of additional arable land by some of the top 24% of the sample. These research findings illuminate heterogeneous land reform outcomes centred on improved access to land for widening the base of social reproduction for classes of labour, and attendant simple reproduction of small-scale capitalist farms. This heterogeneity also includes the function of land reform for accumulation of capital for the black middle class who can muster off-farm capital resources into expanded farm reproduction on their own and without accumulation from above, demonstrated by some accumulators in the area of study. Accumulation from above is taking place on some of the studied land reform farms, often through intersections with economic histories of accumulation from below, exposing the contradictions of capitalism and attendant compulsions of accumulators to accumulate capital by any means necessary. The downside of accumulation from above, however, through capture of public agricultural subsidy in the area of study, is that the collective 76% of the sample at the lower ends of social differentiation and those accumulators excluded from extraeconomic accumulation, are barred from accessing state subsidy that benefit a few politically-connected farmers. Whether class alliances across those excluded from accessing state subsidy will materialise into overt political action in demanding a share of public goods from the local ruling elite remains to be seen. These research findings contribute to a heterogeneous understanding of land reform which is sensitive to differentiated livelihood outcomes. Prospectively, this suggests much-needed government policy tailored to different classes of farmers in post land reform localities.

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien är att undersöka om och hur lärare från olika generationer som undervisar i idrott och hälsa på grundskolenivå upplever att synen på ombyte och dusch förändrats över tid. De frågeställningar som kommer användas för att uppnå studiens syfte är: - Hur upplever lärare från olika generationer den förändring som skett i synen på ombyte och dusch i samband med idrott och hälsa? - Hur legitimerar lärare i idrott och hälsa från olika generationer ombytet och duschens vara eller icke vara i samband med lektioner i ämnet idrott och hälsa?   Metod Studien har en kvalitativ metodologisk ansats, med semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod. Urvalet gjordes genom ett strategiskt urval. Urvalet bestod av sex aktiva examinerade grundskollärare i idrott och hälsa. Intervjuerna genomfördes i videokonferensprogrammet Zoom. För analys av datainsamlingen tillämpades tematisk analys. Studien har influerats i huvudsak av två teoretiska ramverk. Dessa är läroplansteorin och Pierre Bourdieus habitus och reproduktionsteorier.  Resultat Resultatet av studien visar på att de lärare som intervjuats är till majoritet överens om att förändringen som skett i synen på ombyte och dusch i samband med ämnet idrott och hälsa över tid, snarare ligger i en förändring av attityd hos eleverna än något annat. Resultatet visar också att majoriteten av lärarna som intervjuats legitimerar ombytet och duschens vara eller icke vara med någon form av nedärvd metod från sin egen skolgång.  Slutsats De slutsatser som dras i den föreliggande studien är att genom Pierre Bourdieus habitus och sociala reproduktion visar samtliga respondenterna i studien att en förändring skett i synen på ombyte och dusch över tid. Detta oavsett vilken generation läraren tillhör. En anledning till detta kan ses i läroplanen som i studien använts som ett tidsdokument utifrån läroplansteorin. Där förändringar i samhällssynen lett till förändringar i formuleringen av läroplanen. / Aim The aim of the study was to examine whether and how teachers from different generations who teach physical education and health at primary school level experience that the view of change and showering changes over time. The research questions that will be used to achieve the purpose of the study are: - How do teachers from different generations experience the change that has taken place in the view of changing and shower in connection with physical education? - How do teachers of physical education from different generations legitimize the change and the shower to be or not to be in connection with lessons in the subject of physical education? Method The study has a qualitative methodological approach, with semi-structured interviews as a method. The selection was made through a strategic selection. The sample consisted of six active graduate primary school teachers in physical education. The interviews are conducted in the video conferencing program Zoom. Thematic analysis is applied for analysis of the data collection. The study has been influenced mainly by two theoretical frameworks. These are curriculum theory and Pierre Bourdieu's habitus and reproduction theories. Results The results of studies show that teachers interviewed for the most part agree that the change that has taken place in the view of change and shower in connection with the subject of physical education over time, is rather a change in the attitude of the students than anything else. The results also show that most of the teachers interviewed legitimize the change and the presence or absence of the shower with some form of inherited method from their own schooling. Conclusion The conclusions drawn in the present study are that through Pierre Bourdieu's habitus and social reproduction, all respondents in the study show that there has been a change in the view of changing and showering over time. This regardless of which generation the teacher belongs to. One reason why this can be seen in the curriculum, which in the study was used as a time document based on the curriculum theory. Where changes in the view of society have led to changes in the formulation of the curriculum.