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The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe the basic characteristics and basic analysis of the information profession of the Czech Republic in the sphere of state administration and state- controlled information institutions. Some space of the work is devoted to the characteristics of public and state administration. The diploma thesis emphasizes the institutions of state administration and their division. The following chapter deals with information institutions and information folders in the state administration and their categorization. The core of the thesis is the definition of the concept of an information specialist. The final chapter summarizes not only the overview of the information science study in the Czech Republic but also the analysis of the professional application of Information Studies and Librarianship graduates in the state administration institutions.

Background: Studies situated in an institutional care environment point to the fact that addiction issues in institutional care are a topic that deserves special attention, even with regard to the fact that the children of these institutions are considered vulnerable to risky behavior. The Ústí nad Labem Region has long been in the first places in the prevalence of substance use and is also specific in the occurrence of a number of negative social factors. In the whole region there is 1 addiction treatment outpatient clinic focused on the target group of children and adolescents, which during its operation registered repeated demand for specialized help that originates from children's homes. Aim: The main aim of the study is to identify the opportunity of applying an addiction specialist in the children's home in the Ústí nad Labem region. The partial aims of the study are to map the current state of addiction issues in these children's homes and to describe the possible form of cooperation of these facilities and addiction specialist with regard to the identification of barriers to this cooperation. Methods: The research is based on a qualitative approach. The research sample was obtained by a combination of selective sampling method and self-selection method. All 17 children's homes in the Ústí...

The aim of the diploma thesis is to outline the possibilities of information support of project teams by an Informational Specialist. The theoretical part introduces different project management methodologies and further specifies the individual project phases as seen by PMBoK methodology. In the chapters focusing on each of the phases of a project, all necessary input sources as well as all output documents that are essential for the project to move on to its next phase are defined and elaborated on. This part is followed by a description of possibilities of information support for working with information sources and creating output documents with regard to competencies, which an Information Specialist should have. Key in this respect is the third and the fourth chapter, including specific proposals on the possibility of information support of a project team by an Information Specialist. The practical part is focused on the role of an Information Specialist in the implementation of a specific project in a company - in particular, a major financial institution on the Czech market. While the theoretical part is based on the study of literature, the practical part is mainly based on personal consultation with a Project Manager of the company.

Palliative and end-of-life care (PEOLC) involves the use of an interprofessional approach to improve quality of life for patients facing life-threatening illness, and their informal caregivers (e.g. family, other loved ones). Though many patients with life-threatening illness report desires to die at home, people with PEOLC needs continue to die in hospital settings. Given the considerable differences between inpatient and outpatient PEOLC settings, and the potentially increased future need for inpatient PEOLC services, it is critical to explore how patients and caregivers experience and make sense of illness and care in such settings. To contribute to this gap in the literature, I conducted a scoping review on patient and informal caregiver experiences in inpatient specialist palliative care (SPC) settings and semi-structured interviews with patients and caregivers on the Bruyère inpatient SPC unit. I identified three overarching themes from included studies (n=104), including patient and informal caregiver: i) perceptions of care, the interprofessional palliative care team, and the care environment; ii) communication with the interprofessional team; and iii) impacts of illness and care on quality of life. I conducted interviews with three patients and four informal caregivers. Using an inductive thematic analysis approach, I identified three key themes of patient and informal caregiver experiences within the context of the Bruyère inpatient SPC unit: i) the journey of dealing with life-threatening illness; ii) impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic; and iii) attempts to cope and find peace. Based on my findings, improvements are needed to the provision of person-centred care to address patients’ and informal caregivers’ supportive needs. Further work is needed to identify reforms to support improved education and awareness about palliative care to patients, informal caregivers, and the general public.

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Bakgrund: Ökade rörligheten i samhället, snabb teknisk och industriell utveckling, ökat våld och terrorhot till följd av samhällsutvecklingen tyder på ökning av sjukvård. Mortalitet samt morbiditet orsakade av trauma kan reduceras med snabbt och effektivt insatta åtgärder.  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att studera specialistsjuksköterskors upplevelser av nyckelfaktorer till patientsäker omvårdnad vid traumalarm nivå 1.  Deltagare och datainsamling: Åtta specialistsjuksköterskor med intensivvård- eller anestesiutbildning intervjuades med semistrukturerade intervjuer.  Metod: Kritiskt incident teknik med kvalitativ ansats användes vid analys under studien vilket resulterade i 7 kategorier.  Resultat: Resultatet av studien visar bland annat vikten av att känna sig förberedd, både genom utbildning samt träning inom teamet men även att känna till de lokaler och den utrustning som används i traumarummet. Stor vikt läggs även på att få möjlighet att reflektera och följa upp traumalarm som varit, för teamsamverkan, större förståelse mellan klinikerna, känslomässig avlastning men även för patientsäkerheten under framtida traumalarm.  Slutsats: Studien visar på svårigheter som uppkommer vid omhändertagande av patienter som drabbats av trauma men även de nyckelfaktorer som specialistsjuksköterskorna menar kan förbättra och effektivisera vården för patienterna. / Background: Increased mobility in society, rapid technical and industrial development, increased violence and terrorist threats as a result of societal developments indicate an increase in healthcare. Mortality and morbidity caused by trauma can be reduced with quick and effective measures.  Aim: The aim of this study was to study specialist nurses' experiences of key factors for patient-safe nursing at level 1 trauma alarm. Participants and data collection: Eight specialist nurses with intensive- or anesthesia care were interviewed with semi-structured interviews. Method: Critical incident technique with qualitative approach was used in analysis during the study which resulted in 7 categories. Results: The results of the study show, among other things, the importance of feeling prepared, both through education and training within the team, but also to know the premises and the equipment used in the trauma room. Great emphasis is also placed on having the opportunity to reflect and follow up on trauma alarms that have been, for team collaboration, greater understanding between the clinics, emotional relief but also for patient safety during future trauma alarms. Conclusion: The study shows difficulties that arise in the care of patients affected by trauma, but also the key factors that the specialist nurses believe can improve and streamline care for patients.

Bakgrund: Exakt siffra på hur många personer som lider av svårläkta sår i Sverige saknas fortfarande. Äldre och multisjuka personer med komplexa vårdbehov drabbas i större utsträckning. Svårläkta sår inverkar negativt på personens livskvalité och leder till ett ökat lidande. Genom att studera specialistsjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att vårda äldre personer med svårläkta sår inom hemsjukvården kan sårbehandlingen optimeras. Syfte: Syfte var att beskriva specialistsjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda äldre personer med svårläkta sår inom hemsjukvården. Metod: En kvalitativ, semistrukturerad intervjustudie med elva specialistsjuksköterskor inom hemsjukvården i södra Sverige. Resultat: Efter analysen framkom kategorien - Organisations betydelse för sårbehandling med underkategorier: Samarbete med primär- och slutenvården; Kontinuitetens betydelse; Att samverka i teamet; kategorien - Bristande kompetens och kunskap hos hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal med underkategorier: Behov av utbildning till omvårdnadspersonal; Specialistsjuksköterskans strävan efter mer kunskap; kategorien - Personcentrerat förhållningssätt i hemsjukvården med underkategorier med underkategorier: Sårvård på patientens villkor; Sårvård i personens hem. Slutsats: Sårbehandling i hemsjukvården framställs som utmanade och komplex. Trots alla utmaningar visade specialistsjuksköterskor respekt för patienterna och fann lösningar i hemmet för att kunna utföra sårvården på ett patientsäkert sätt och tillgodose patientens behov. En personcentrerad vård tillämpades i möte med patienterna. Specialistsjuksköterskor upplevde bristfällig organisation, saknad av kompetens, kunskap och kontinuitet hos hälso-sjukvårdspersonal. En ny strategi behövs för att personer med svårläkta sår ska få jämlik sårvård, särskilt när antalet multisjuka äldre personer ökar. Implementering av det nya nationella vårdprogrammet för svårläkta sår kan vara en ny lösning och metod för att hantera de utmaningar och brister som identifierats i denna studie. Ytterligare forskning behövs för att undersöka hur utmaningarna inom hemsjukvården kan hanteras på ett effektivt sätt. / Background: The exact number of people suffering from chronic wounds in Sweden is still unknown. Older and multi-ill individuals with complex care needs are more affected. Chronic wounds negatively affect the person's quality of life and lead to increased suffering. Studying specialized nurses' experiences of caring for elderly persons with chronic wounds in home healthcare can optimize wound treatment. Aim: The aim was to describe specialized nurses' experiences of caring for elderly persons with chronic wounds in home healthcare. Methods: A qualitative, semi-structured interview study was conducted with eleven specialized nurses in home care service in South of Sweden. Results: After the analysis, the category were identified - The importance of organizational structure for wound treatment with subcategories: Collaboration with primary and hospital care; The importance of continuity; Working in a team; the category - Lack of competence and knowledge among healthcare personnel with subcategories: The need for education of nursing personnel; Specialized nurses' pursuit of more knowledge; the category - Person-centered approach in home healthcare, with subcategories: Wound care according to the patient's wishes; Wound care in the person’s home. Conclusion: Treatment of wounds in home healthcare is portrayed as challenging and complex. Despite all the challenges, specialized nurses showed respect for patients and found solutions in the home setting to perform wound care in a patient safety care and meet patient needs. Person-centered care was applied in interactions with patients. Specialist nurses experienced inadequate organization, lack of competence, knowledge, and continuity among healthcare personnel. A new strategy is needed to ensure equal wound care for people with hard-to-heal wounds, especially as the number of elderly people with multiple illnesses increases. Implementation of the new national care program for hard-to-heal wounds may be a new solution and method for addressing the challenges and shortcomings identified in this study. Further research is needed to investigate how the challenges within home healthcare can be effectively addressed.

Försvarsmaktens organisation har ett behov av ständig förändring för att kunna hantera de yttre och inre påverkansfaktorer som följer av det säkerhetspolitiska läget, samhällsutvecklingen och den teknologiska utvecklingen. Vi har genom en hermeneutisk kvalitativ studie undersökt hur organisationen förändrats genom implementeringen av ett flerbefälssystem. Vi har försökt att identifiera de drivkrafter som har legat bakom förändringarna och förstå de beslut som har fattats. Våra primärkällor har utgjorts av människor i organisationen; befattningshavare med olika roller, på olika nivåer och med olika bakgrund. Våra sekundärkällor har framförallt bestått av officiella dokument och skrivelser som organisationen nyttjat under implementeringen.Vi har analyserat inhämtad data mot flera olika organisationsteorier och kommit fram till att den långa sekventiella implementeringen haft olika fokus i olika sekvenser. Utmaningen för Försvarsmakten har varit att skapa balans mellan organisationens strukturella och individens mänskliga behov samt att kommunicera argument och incitament för organisations-förändringen. Maktpersoner i organisationen har löpande påverkat processen och systemdesignen har självmuterat från initial konfiguration till den beskrivning som finns idag.Försvarsmaktens strukturella slutinförande av Trebefälssystemet har orsakat suboptimering av implementeringen i dess sista sekvens, och motverkat möjligheterna för främst specialist-officersskrået att utvecklas mot en egen profession; skrået är fortsatt styvmoderligt behandlat av organisationen, och det finns en risk för en utveckling mot segregation och oönskade kulturer. Ytterst har detta haft en negativ effekt på den operativa förmågan.Överbefälhavarens beslut om slutligt införande var ett nödvändigt beslut för att forma den struktur som borde ha intagits för många år sedan, dock hade organisationens behov bättre kunnat omhändertas om även individens behov hade tillgodosetts.Försvarsmakten har nu ett enda system där samtligt befäl är inordnade, men arbetet är inte slutfört. Det finns fortfarande en del problemområden att ta tag i, men samtidigt också gyllene chanser att fortsätta utvecklingen av systemet för att nå än större effekt än det har idag. / The Swedish Armed Forces has a need for constant change in order to be able to handle the external and internal influencing factors that result from the changing security policy situation, societal development and technological development. Through a hermeneutic qualitative study, we have investigated how the organization has changed through the implementation of a multi-command system. We have tried to identify the driving forces behind the changes and understand the decisions made. Our primary sources have been people in the organization; personnel with different roles, at different levels and with different backgrounds. Our secondary sources have mainly consisted of official documents that the organization used during the implementation.We have analysed the collected data against several different organizational theories and concluded that the long sequential implementation had different focuses in different sequences. The challenge for the Armed Forces has been to create a balance between the organizations structural and the individual's human needs, and to communicate reasons and incentives for organizational change. People with power in the organization have continuously influenced the process, and the system design has self-mutated from the initial configuration to the description that exists today.The Armed Forces' structural finalization of the multi-command system has caused sub-optimization of the implementation in its final sequence, and thwarted the opportunities for mainly the specialist officer corps to develop towards a profession of its own; the category is still treated step motherly by the organization, and there is a risk of a development towards segregation and unwanted cultures. Ultimately, this has had a negative effect on The Armed Forces operational capability.The Chief of Defence decision on final implementation was necessary to shape the structure that should have been in place many years ago. However, the needs of the organization would have been better served if also the needs of the individual had been met.The Armed Forces today have a single system including all commanders on all levels, but the work is not complete. There are still some problem areas to tackle, but there are also excellent opportunities to continue the development of the system to reach an even greater effect than it has today.

This paper uses the current organizational ecology theory to clearly define organizational population ecology constructs of non-governmental development organizations, and offers specific terminology and understanding of main organizational forms and relational dynamics that define the population ecology of these organizations. The paper examines closely the significance of such interaction and interdependence through transactional relationship of obtaining and distributing of resources and forces of competition. Original organizational theory frameworks are offered for future NGDO organizational research.