No description available.

Emergence of the metacommunity concept has explicitly recognized the interplay of local and regional processes. The metacommunity concept has already made a substantial contribution to the better understanding of the community composition and dynamics in a regional context. However, long-term field data for testing of available metacommunity models are still scarce and the extent to which these models apply to the real world remains unknown and some of their assumptions untested. Tests conducted so far have largely sought to fit data on the entire regional set of species to one of several metacommunity models, implicitly assuming that all species, members of the metacommunity, can be modelled in the same manner (using a single model). However, species differ in their habitat use to the extent that such uniform treatment may be inappropriate. Furthermore, in testing the metacommunity models, all metacommunity studies relay on snapshots of species distribution to assess the relative importance of local and regional processes. However, snapshot patterns may be insufficient for producing a reliable picture of metacommunity dynamics and processes shaping it. I hypothesised that the relative importance of local (competition, predation or abiotic filtering or constraints) and regional (interaction of populations with landscape, migration or dispersal) processes may vary with species' traits, including habitat specialization. The perception of importance of local and regional processes in structuring community composition obtained via static approach may vary from that obtained by considering the temporal dynamics of component species. My general approach used a model system comprising natural rock pools microcosms. I have also employed experimental approach in the laboratory. I found that different metacommunity models suit for different groups of habitat specialization. I also found this to be true whether the analyses are based on snapshot data or describing temporal dynamics of species populations. These results suggest that a metacommunity system exhibits an internal differentiation of structuring processes. Specifically, from the metacommunity perspective, the dynamics of habitat specialists are best explained by a combination of species sorting and mass effects models, while that of habitat generalists is best explained by patch dynamics and neutral models. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Тема представленной магистерской диссертации посвящена чрезвычайно актуальной проблеме сопровождение высококвалифицированных сотрудников. В теоретической части представлен обзор ключевых понятий в области управления талантами, ключевые подходы и технологии работы с высококвалифицированными сотрудниками, опыт работы с высококвалифицированным персоналом в зарубежных и российских компаниях. В практической части проведен анализ системы сопровождения талантов в организации и оценка технологий работы с ними. На основе полученных данных разработаны предложения по совершенствованию технологий работы с высококвалифицированными специалистами и кандидатами в ВКС. / Тема представленной магистерской диссертации посвящена чрезвычайно актуальной проблеме сопровождение высококвалифицированных сотрудников. В теоретической части представлен обзор ключевых понятий в области управления талантами, ключевые подходы и технологии работы с высококвалифицированными сотрудниками, опыт работы с высококвалифицированным персоналом в зарубежных и российских компаниях. В практической части проведен анализ системы сопровождения талантов в организации и оценка технологий работы с ними. На основе полученных данных разработаны предложения по совершенствованию технологий работы с высококвалифицированными специалистами и кандидатами в ВКС.

Thesis (M.Pharm. (Pharmacy Practice)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Developing countries face huge challenges in provision of pharmaceutical care whereas some developed countries have developed and implemented measure to improve pharmaceutical care through collaborative practices. Collaborative patient care is referred to as the cooperative work or practice by healthcare professionals assuming complementary roles and sharing responsibilities for decision making and problem solving to formulate and furnish quality patient care. Pharmaceutical care is governed by the principles and philosophy of patient centred pharmacy practice, where the main responsibilities, roles or action of a pharmacist are based on patient care. Collaborative pharmaceutical care practice for outpatient requires collaborative action of a pharmacist with other healthcare practitioners. Pharmacist-medical practitioner collaborative care practice is one of the recently emerging aspects in developing countries’ hospitals such as in South Africa which can enhance patient care. Method A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted with a purposeful sample of 8 pharmacists and 9 medical practitioners at Mankweng Hospital in Limpopo province, South Africa. In the study we used audiotaped interviews that were transcribed exactly as said and analysed using thematic content analysis. Results Three main themes emerged from the study’s interview analysis, description of the current relationship and collaborative practices; the perspective of the pharmacists and medical practitioners on collaboration; the barriers affecting pharmacist-medical practitioner collaboration; and recommendations on the ways, strategy and model to improve pharmacists-medical practitioner collaboration. This highlighted that the relationship among pharmacists and medical practitioners is moderate and there a need for improvement in the relationship. The recommendations range from established xv educational and interactional platforms, improved resource supply, clarity in terms of roles and responsibilities and enhanced managerial structures and functions. Conclusion The current relationship among pharmacists and medical practitioners is moderate. There is still a need for improvement in the relationship to achieve quality collaborative practice for pharmaceutical care in outpatient.

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<p>Programmes and policies to support ecological sustainable development and the practice of implementation is a question of innovation rather than known and taken for granted procedure. This thesis argues a priori models concerning stability in the social sciences, and human geography especially, are less able to help us understand this practice and planning in such unstable situations. Problematic in common understandings of planning and policy implementation concerning sustainability are the dualisms between physical-social spaces and between rationality-contingency. The first dualism makes it hard to grasp the interaction between humans and nonhumans. The second dualism concerns the problem of how to capture change without resorting to reductionism and explanaining the evolving projects as either technically, economically, or culturally rational. </p><p>The scope of the thesis is to test resources from actor-network theory as a means of resolving these dualisms. The case is the Stockholm Local Investment Programme and the new district of Hammarby Sjöstad. The programme’s objective was to support the implemention of new technologies and systems, energy efficiency and reduced resource-use as well as eco-cycling measures. The case-study follows how the work with the programme unfolded and how administrators’ efforts to reach satisfactory results was approached. In doing this, the actors had to be far more creative than models of implementation and traditional technology diffusion seem to suggest. The recommendation is to take the instrumentalisation framing the plasticity of a project in planning seriously – as innovativeness is not a special but the general case. Hence, to broaden our tools and understanding of planning a human geography of planning projects is pertinent.</p>

1. Svarbiausi rizikos šeimų kriterijai yra: nedarnios, asocialios, nepilnos šeimos, kuriuose nesugebama tinkamai spręsti susidariusias problemas, rūpintis vaikais, keisti gyvenimo būdą. Dažniausiai tokiuose šeimose poreikių tenkinimas vyksta socialiai nepriimtinais būdais. Socialinės rizikos šeimų atsiradimo priežastys: nestabili ekonominė padėtis Lietuvoje, skurdas, nedarbas, priklausomybė alkoholiui, narkotinėms medžiagoms, vaikų nepriežiūra, socialinių įgūdžių stoka, auklėjimo ypatumai šeimoje, konfliktai šeimoje, visuomenės informavimo priemonių poveikis, vertybių sistemos ypatumai. 2. Vilniaus miesto socialinės paramos centras vykdo šias svarbiausias veiklas: teikia kokybiškas socialines paslaugas ir išmokas Vilniaus miesto gyventojams, kurie negali savarankiškai rūpintis savo asmeniniu (šeimos) gyvenimu ir kuriems būtina pagalba, tenkinant jų būtinuosius poreikius bei sprendžiant socialines problemas. 3. Tyrimu nustatyta, kad: • Vilniaus miesto socialinės paramos centro socialiniai darbuotojai, dirbdami su socialinės rizikos šeimomis, nėra pajėgūs nusistatyti darbo prioritetų – apsiriboja buitinių sąlygų tikrinimu, neatkreipdami dėmesio į kitas esmines šeimų, atsidūrusių krizėje, problemas. • socialinių darbuotojų bendradarbiavimas su kitomis institucijomis, teikiant pagalbą socialinės rizikos šeimoms, vyksta nuolat. • dažniausiai socialiniai darbuotojai bendradarbiauja su Vaiko teisių apsaugos skyriaus vyriausiuoju inspektoriumi, su nepilnamečių reikalų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The subject of social risk families is actual to many countries of the world, especially those which experience still essential social changes. Family is the most important in your life. It is important for your children, our parents and grand parents. It is important due to the fact that it is the foundation of the economy and our civilization. Urgent help is needed by social risk families and there are many of them in Lithuania. For social workers involved in the work with social risk families one of the most important highlights is the co-operation with other institutions. For the research of the co-operation a goal was set – to find out problems in co-operation between social workers working with social risk families and Children‘s Rights Protection Unit (further VTAS). Work tasks: • To analyze scientific literature and legal documents regulating children‘s rights and their protection in social risk families; • on the basis of scientific and methodological literature to define main criteria of social risk families and identify the roots of their appearance; • to disclose the activities of Vilnius social care center and the organization and execution of the help provided to social risk families; • to provide a list of social workers working with social risk families in order to evaluate the co-operation of social workers with other institutions in providing help to social risk families. Methods of work: • Theoretical: analysis of pedagogical and... [to full text]

L'éducation est un investissement qui trouve son rendement sur le marché du travail.Cependant, les frictions à l'œuvre sur ce marché affectent aussi bien le niveau que la nature des investissements éducatifs. Dans le même temps, les compétences acquises lors de la scolarité conditionnent le design des institutions du marché du travail.Nous proposons trois chapitres qui examinent chacun une question particulière.Le premier présente un modèle de mismatch sur le marché du travail où le degré d'inadéquation entre travailleurs et emplois est endogène : il dépend des efforts éducatifs (qui réduisent le mismatch) et des investissements technologiques (qui l'augmentent). Nous examinons l'impact de l'incertitude concernant le futur partenaire de travail, de l'hétérogénéité des travailleurs vis-à-vis de leur capacité scolaire, et de l'aversion au risque.Le deuxième construit un modèle d'appariement avec spécialistes et généralistes dans lequel la proportion de spécialistes est endogène. La nature du capital humain détermine le nombre de files d'attentes dans lequel le travailleur peut prospecter ainsi que son rang dans chacune d'elles. L'éducation véhicule plusieurs externalités : les spécialistes favorisent la création d'emplois dans chaque secteur ; les généralistes améliorent l'efficience de la technologie d'appariement mais aggravent le problème de coordination des firmes. Nous calibrons le modèle sur données agrégées pour 20 pays de l'OCDE. L'auto-sélection s'avère toujours inefficace : taxer la formation professionnelle pourrait réduire le taux de chômage de plus d'un point de pourcentage.Le troisième étudie le design de l'assurance chômage dans un contexte où les travailleurs diffèrent quant à la nature de leur capital humain. Nous montrons que selon le scénario retenu pour la gestion de la caisse d'assurance, la proportion de spécialistes peut conduire à diminuer ou accroître le taux de remplacement de l'indemnité chômage optimale. / Education is an investment that has its return on the labor market. However, frictions at work in this market affect both the level and the nature of educational investments. At the same time, the skills gained during schooling time determine the design of labor market institutions.This thesis is made of three chapters examining, each of them examines a particular issue.The first one presents a mismatch model on labor market where the efficiency of the assignment mechanism is endogenous: it depends on educational efforts (which reduce the mismatch) and on technological investments (which increases it). We examine the impact of uncertainty regarding the future work associate, of the worker's heterogeneity toward scholastic ability, and of risk aversion.In the second one we build a two-sector matching model with generalists and specialists, in which the proportion of specialists is endogenous. The nature of human capital determines the number of job queues in which worker can candidates as well as its rank in each of them. Self-selection in education type leads to three main externalities: specialists enhance job creation in each sector; generalists improve the efficiency of the matching technology, but nevertheless exacerbate firm's coordination problems. We calibrate the model on aggregate data for 20 OECD countries. Self-selection is always inefficient: taxing vocational education, to reduce the proportion of specialists down the efficient level, could reduce unemployment rates by more than one point of percentage.The third one studies the unemployment insurance scheme in a context where workers have different kind of human capital. We show that, depending on the scenario chosen for the management of the insurance fund, the proportion of individuals with specific human capital can lead either to a decrease or to an increase of the replacement rate of the optimal unemployment benefit.

Det är en utmaning för ambulansorganisationen att möta det akuta vårdbehovet som förekommer i vårt skiftande samhälle. Det ställs ett ökat krav på ambulanssjuksköterskans bedömningsförmåga, för att vägleda patienten till fortsatt vård inom olika vårdnivåer på ett patientsäkert vis. Ambulanstransporter som ej är befogade är ett betydande problem. Inom Västra Götalandsregionen hänvisar ambulanssjuksköterskan patienter till alternativa färdsätt med vårdkedjan SAMBand. Målet är att frigöra ambulansresurser på ett patientsäkert sätt samt öka tillgängligheten av ambulansresurser i samhället. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva ambulanssjuksköterskans upplevelse av att hänvisa patienten till ett alternativt färdsätt med hjälp av vårdkedjan SAMBand. En kvalitativ intervjustudie genomfördes på tre ambulansstationer i glesbygden inom SÄS. Bekvämlighetsurval användes för att rekrytera och intervjua ambulanssjuksköterskor. Antalet deltagare var 10 ambulanssjuksköterskor där yrkeserfarenheten sträckte sig mellan 6 till 28 år. Datamaterialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att ambulanssjuksköterskan beskriver en så kallad magkänsla och erfarenhet som viktiga vid hänvisning till alternativt färdsätt. Möjligheten att hänvisa till vårdcentraler i underlaget SAMBand saknades, ett ökat mandat att neka patienter önskades. Frustration förekommer när ambulanssjuksköterskorna blev tvungna att transportera patienter utan vårdbehov. Ambulanssjuksköterskornas erfarenhet spelar en betydelsefull roll vid patientbedömningen, vilket kunde betraktas som både positivt och negativt. Möjligheten om att neka patienter ambulanstransport som sista utväg bör vidare undersökas för att istället hänvisa till SAMBand. Det ses en fördel för både patienten och ambulansorganisationen av att inkludera vårdcentraler i SAMBand samt att underlaget bör tydliggöras.

Gone are the days when the school librarian was the austere custodian of the books. Twenty-first-century standards progressively call for librarians to step in as instructional leaders, connecting educators and students to materials, methods, and technology across the curriculum. In an age of increased accountability through never-ending standardized testing, as well as the implementation of Common Core standards, classroom teachers need all the support they can get. To add fuel to the fire, numerous states have reduced their budgets, leaving reading specialists and literacy coaches short in terms of time and materials. Students who once received differentiated instruction or reading intervention are overlooked or underserved. Where can teachers and reading specialists receive support to help close the achievement gap? Librarians to the rescue! Currently, school librarians are discovering yet another dynamic leadership and role: coteacher with classroom teachers and reading specialists in the library learning commons. This article explores strategies for librarians to implement differentiated instruction in collaboration with classroom teachers and reading specialists using a coteaching model. Keywords: school librarians, literacy coaches, reading specialists ********** Librarians have long worn many hats that improve the learning of students in the school. These include instructional leader, technology specialist, promoter of reading initiatives, and guardian of books. Once again, librarians find themselves called upon to sport yet another: coteacher with classroom teachers and reading specialists. With a focus on preparing students to be college and career ready, the new Common Core State Standards (CCSS) ask students to grapple with complex grade-level texts and write research papers. Even at the kindergarten level, students engage in rigorous learning that asks them to participate in shared research and writing projects (National Governor's Association, 2010). In this article we suggest that this rigorous learning requires teachers to join forces with others in the building to ensure student success. Thus the librarian, reading specialist, and classroom teacher form coteaching teams that address difficult concepts in such a way that the library becomes a learning commons (Loertscher, 2014). In this learning commons space, learners experience scaffolded support with print and differentiated instruction (DI) (Tomlinson, 1999) to address the achievement potential of students as they engage firsthand with the learning tasks set forth by the CCSS. In the learning commons, the library functions as a dynamic arena where librarians, reading specialists, and classroom teachers bring individual talents to the instructional process in a coteaching team. The idea of the learning commons still allows for print books to play a vital part in instruction; however, digital technologies also play a large role. Due to the rigor of the CCSS, this idea of a learning commons comes just in time. For the past ten to fifteen years, administrators have continuously called upon librarians to take a larger role in the literacy arena (Robins & Antrim, 2012). Empowering Learners: Guidelines for School Library Media Programs (AASL, 2009a) contends that librarians are uniquely positioned to affect reading outcomes of students. In many school districts, administrators have asked librarians to provide collaborative support to classroom teachers to identify materials and methods to support struggling readers. While in other districts, administrators have asked librarians to lead response to intervention groups. While these efforts to suggest and provide materials hold potential, they fall short due to the fact that one individual has limited impact in comparison with what teams of librarians, reading specialists, and classroom teachers might achieve in a learning commons. LIBRARIANS' ROLE IN COLLABORATIVE TEAMS IN THE LEARNING COMMONS If the expectation for librarians extends beyond the support already provided to include coteaching while also attending to duties in the library, what should librarians do? Build upon what they already know! Librarians regularly assist with the analysis of assessment data to determine students' and teachers' needs, the integration of technology, the provision of resources, and the implementation of instruction in the physical library space. For decades, librarians' instruction consisted of isolated units of study. These discrete units stand in stark contrast to Turner's (1993) suggestions that librarians join forces with teachers to plan instruction that extends and enriches classroom curriculum. The American Association of School Librarians (2009) calls for librarians to collaborate with instructors to create relevant instruction that motivates students to be lifelong learners. While collaboration is not a new idea, what is new are the dynamics that make up the coteaching team and ways to facilitate the alliance. Librarians support coteaching teams by serving as a connective agent with a physical and virtual venue: the learning commons. During the coteaching team's planning phase, librarians supply a common virtual space within the learning commons that expedites planning. The virtual learning commons alleviates planning concerns of distant geographic spaces and incompatible release times. …