Nous proposons Dido, un langage dédié (DSL) implicitement parallèle qui capture les spécifications de haut niveau des stencils et génère automatiquement du code parallèle de haute performance pour les architectures à mémoire distribuée. Le code généré utilise ORWL en tant que interface de communication et runtime. Nous montrons que Dido réalise un grand progrès en termes de productivité sans sacrifier les performances. Dido prend en charge une large gamme de calculs stencils ainsi que des applications réelles à base de stencils. Nous montrons que le code généré par Dido est bien structuré et se prête à de différentes optimisations possibles. Nous combinons également la technique de génération de code de Dido avec Pluto l'optimiseur polyédrique de boucles pour améliorer la localité des données. Nous présentons des expériences qui prouvent l'efficacité et la scalabilité du code généré qui atteint de meilleures performances que les implémentations ORWL et MPI écrites à la main. / In this work, we present Dido, an implicitly parallel domain-specific language (DSL) that captures high-level stencil abstractions and automatically generates high-performance parallel stencil code for distributed-memory architectures. The generated code uses ORWL as a communication and synchronization backend. We show that Dido achieves a huge progress in terms of programmer productivity without sacrificing the performance. Dido supports a wide range of stencil computations and real-world stencil-based applications. We show that the well-structured code generated by Dido lends itself to different possible optimizations and study the performance of two of them. We also combine Dido's code generation technique with the polyhedral loop optimizer Pluto to increase data locality and improve intra-node data reuse. We present experiments that prove the efficiency and scalability of the generated code that outperforms both ORWL and MPI hand-crafted implementations.

1 ABSTRACT Master's thesis focuses on the education of pupils with developmental dysphasia diagnosis in the elementary school. The main goal is to describe education possibilities of these pupils. The thesis describes possibilities of parents and their children, types of elementary schools, where they can study, and what specific conditions are available for education of pupils with specific language impairment. Theoretical part is divided into three chapters. The first chapter focuses on child attending elementary school, communication skills development, compulsory education and education program for elementary school. The second chapter describes developmental dysphasia, its history and terminological definitions, etiology, symptomatology, diagnostics in the Czech Republic and abroad, differential diagnostics, therapy and prognosis. The third chapter describes pupil with developmental dysphasia attending elementary school, education readiness, approaches for pupil support in different elementary school types. The practical part of the thesis focuses on evaluation of conditions on three types of school, where a pupil with developmental dysphasia can be educated. Data is collected mainly by an interview. As the research strategy of qualitative research was chosen a case study. An observation is another...

Resources Events Agents (REA) ontology is a profound business modeling ontology that was developed to define the architecture of accounting information systems. Nevertheless, REA did not manage to get the same attention as other business modeling ontologies. One reason of such abandon is the absence of a meaningful visual notation for the ontology, which has resulted in an abstruse ontology to non-academic audience. Another reason for this abandon is the fact that REA does not have a standard formal representation. This has resulted in a humble amount of researches which have focused on defining meta-models of the ontology while neglecting the wider purpose of REA-based information systems development. Consequently, the ontology was deviated away from its original purpose, and rather used in business schools. To solve the aforementioned issues, this research presents a Model Driven Development (MDD) technique in the form of a REA-based Domain Specific Visual Language (DSVL) that is implemented within a modeling and code generation editor. This effort was taken in order to answer the question of “How would a REA-DSVL based tool make the REA ontology implementable in the domain of information systems development?” In order to answer the research question, a design science methodology (DSRM) was implemented as the structure of this research. The DSRM was chosen because this research aims to develop three main artifacts. These are; a meta-model of REA, a visual notation of REA, and a REA-DSVL-based modeling and code generation tool. The first phase of the DSRM was to identify the problems which were mentioned earlier, followed by the requirements identification phase which drew the outline of the; meta-model, the visual notation, and the tool. After that, the development phase was conducted in order to develop the aforementioned artifacts. The editor was then demonstrated using a case study of a local company in Stockholm-Sweden. Finally, the resulted artifacts were evaluated based on the collected requirements and the results from the case study. Based on the analyses of the artifacts and the case study, this research was concluded with the result that a REA-based DSVL tool can help in boosting the planning and analysis phases of the software development lifecycle (SDLC). This is achieved by automating some of the conventional software planning and design tasks, which would lead to more accurate systems’ designs; thus, minimizing the time of the planning and design phases. And it can be achieved by abstracting the direct logic of REA through providing functionalities that help users from different backgrounds (academic and professional) to embrace a business modeling editor rather than an ontology; thus, attracting a wider users base for implementing REA.

KABATNIKOVÁ, Sára. The Development of Auditory Memory in Children with Specific Language Impairment in Preschool Age. Praha: Faculty of Education, Charles University, 2021. 69 p. The Diploma Thesis. This thesis is devoted to the topic of the level and development of auditory memory in children with specific language impairment in preschool age. The theoretical part of this thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter describes the characteristics of memory - the classification, stages of the memory process and it also lists some tests that are used for memory diagnostics. The second chapter of the thesis describes the memory level in children in preschool age, particularly the level of auditory memory. The diagnostics options of specific language impairment and therapeutic exercises for the development of auditory memory are also described. The third chapter is formed around the subject of specific language impairment. It describes the etiology and symptomatology, especially the symptoms in auditory memory and it also contains possibilities of diagnostics and therapy of specific language impairment. The main goal of the empiric part of the thesis is to find out the level of auditory memory of children who struggle with specific language impairment and who are attending speech therapy...

The technological advancements in the automotive industry as well as in thefield of communication technologies done the last years have transformed thevehicles to complex machines that include not only electrical and mechanicalcomponents but also a great number of electronic components. Furthermore,modern vehicles are now connected to the Wide Area Network (WAN) and inthe near future communications will also be present between the cars (Vehicleto-Vehicle, V2V) and between cars and infrastructure (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, V2I), something that can be found as Internet of Vehicles (IoV)in the literature. The main motivations towards all the aforementioned changesin modern vehicles are of course the improvement of road safety, the higherconvenience of the passengers, the increase in the efficiency and the higher userfriendliness.On the other hand, having vehicles connected to the Internet opens them up toa new domain of interest, this no other than the domain of cyber security. Thispractically means that while previously we were only considering cyber-attackson computational systems, now we need to start thinking about it also forvehicles. This, as a result, creates a new field of research, namely the vehicularcyber security. However, this field does not only include the possible vehicularcyber-attacks and their corresponding defenses but also the modeling andsimulation of them with the use of vehicular security analysis tools, which isalso recommended by the ENISA report titled “Cyber Security and Resilienceof smart cars: Good practices and recommendations”.Building on this need for vehicular security analysis tools, this work aims tocreate and evaluate a domain-specific, probabilistic modeling and simulationlanguage for cyber-attacks on modern connected vehicles. The language will bedesigned based on the existing threat modeling and risk management toolsecuriCAD® by foreseeti AB and more specifically based on its underlyingmechanisms for describing and probabilistically evaluating the cyber threats ofthe models.The outcome/final product of this work will be the probabilistic modeling andsimulation language for connected vehicles, called vehicleLang, that will beready for future use in the securiCAD® software. / De tekniska framstegen inom fordonsindustrin såväl som inomkommunikationsteknik som gjorts de senaste åren har omvandlat fordon tillkomplexa maskiner som inte bara omfattar elektriska och mekaniskakomponenter utan också ett stort antal elektroniska komponenter. Dessutom ärmoderna fordon nu anslutna till Internet (WAN) och inom den närmasteframtiden kommer kommunikation också att etableras mellan bilarna (Vehicleto-Vehicle, V2V) och mellan bilar och infrastruktur (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure,V2I). Detta kan också kallas fordonens internet (Internet of Vehicles - IoV) ilitteraturen. De främsta motiven för alla ovannämnda förändringar i modernafordon är förstås förbättringen av trafiksäkerheten, ökad bekvämlighet förpassagerarna, ökad effektivitet och högre användarvänlighet.Å andra sidan, att ha fordon anslutna till Internet öppnar dem för en ny domän,nämligen cybersäkerhet. Då vi tidigare bara övervägde cyberattacker påtraditionella datorsystem, måste vi nu börja tänka på det även för fordon. Dettaområde omfattar emellertid inte bara de möjliga fordonsattackerna och derasmotsvarande försvar utan även modellering och simulering av dem med hjälpav verktyg för analys av fordonssäkerhet, vilket också rekommenderas avENISA-rapporten med titeln ”Cyber Security and Resilience of smart cars: Goodpractices and recommendations”.På grund av detta behov av verktyg för fordonssäkerhetsanalys syftar dettaarbete till att skapa och utvärdera ett domänspecifikt, probabilistisktmodelleringsspråk för simulering av cyberattacker på moderna anslutna fordon.Språket har utformats utifrån det befintliga hotmodellerings- ochriskhanteringsverktyget securiCAD® av foreseeti AB och mer specifikt baseratpå dess underliggande mekanismer för att beskriva och probabilistiskt utvärderamodellernas cyberhot.Resultatet/slutprodukten av detta arbete är ett probabilistisktmodelleringsspråk för uppkopplade fordon, vehicleLang.

Modeling is a fundamental property in today’s development of embedded systems. Models of computation enable us to describe the functionality and characteristics of a system on a higher abstraction level which gives the designer great insight in the behavior of the final implemented system at a very early stage in the design process. The ForSyDe modeling framework is based on the Model-of-computation (MoC) theory. Synchronous data-flow (SDF) is one MoC that uses actors and tokens to describe the communication and behavior of a system. Currently, the ForSyDe input modeling language exists only as a Haskell implementation and a System C implementation. The main problem is that the ForSyDe tool ecosystem is implemented across different languages without proper connections between tools. However, a framework to make such connections exists, namely the ForSyDe IO Java supporting library. In addition, any language running on the JVM can already be connected to ForSyDe IO. Hence, the thesis explores how a modeling workbench can be designed as a domain specific language (DSL) in the JVM language Groovy using the Gradle environment. Since there are many modules in the ForSyDe modeling framework, one for each MoC, this thesis targets one module: SDF. This choice is enough to explore whether it is possible to achieve the same modeling that Haskell provides in a JVM language, without sacrificing the user experience while modeling. The resulting Groovy DSL can describe the Synchronous Data-Flow MoC with the purpose of modeling SDF graphs, often used in image processing applications. By using the produced DSL workbench, a designer can model SDF applications in an efficient way. There were some differences when comparing the Groovy DSL to the Haskell implementation, such as the methods for defining actors and connecting them. However, the core modeling concepts are the same. Combining Groovy and Gradle offered an easy way of designing a DSL using the concept of closures. The created Groovy DSL is the first member of a family of textual DSL’s for describing MoC’s and therefore acts as a foundation for future work within the ForSyDe modeling framework. It can be extended to support more modules and functions or to inspire others to develop new DSL’s. / Modellering av system är en grundsten i dagens utveckling av inbyggda system. Beräkningsmodeller möjliggör att beskriva systems egenskaper och funktioner på en hög abstraktionsnivå vilket underlättar den första tiden vid utvecklingen av ett nytt inbyggt system. ForSyDe är ett modelleringsspråk baserat på beräkbarhetsteori. Det synkrona dataflödet (SDF) är en beräkningsmodell som använder sig av aktörer och tokens för att beskriva ett systems kommunikation och bettend. ForSyDe är implementerat i programmeringsspråket Haskell och System C, men är i fortsatt utveckling och grenar ut till andra språk och miljöer. Det huvudsakliga Problemet med ForSyDe är att ramverket saknar bra kopplingar mellan verktygen som erbjuds. Ett ramverk som möjliggör kopplingen mellan verktygen är stöd biblioteket ForSyDe IO och dessutom kan ett språk som kör i Javas virtuella miljö redan kopplas med ForSyDe IO. Därför undersöker uppsatsen hur ett domänspecifikt språk kan skrivas i Groovy i utvecklingsmiljön gradle för att direkt extrahera en ForSyDe IO modell utan att behöva undersöka varje element i modellen. Det finns många moduler i ForSyDe ramverket, en för varje beräkningsmodell och därför menar uppsatsen att undersöka en modul: SDF. Att undersöka SDF modulen anses tillräckligt för att bestämma sig huruvida det är möjligt att uppnå liknande modellering som Haskell erbjuder fast i java miljön, utan att offra användarvänligheten då ett system modelleras. Resultatet blev en Groovy prototyp som kan beskriva SDF-modulen med syftet att modellera SDF-grafer vars funktion ofta används inom bildbehandling. En SDF-graf beskriver ett systems dataflöde och via det resulterande domänspecifika språket kan en utvecklare på ett tillfredsställande sätt beskriva dataflöden i javamiljön. Det visade sig att det resulterande domän specifika språket i Groovy skiljer sig en aning från Haskell i hur man specificerar aktörer och deras kopplingar, men det fundamentala konceptet är detsamma. Groovy i kombination med Gradle erbjöd ett smidigt sätt att programmera ett domänspecifikt språk med hjälp av closures vilket kan användas för framtida bruk inom utvecklingsområdet. Den skapade prototypen är den första medlemmen i en familj av framtida modelleringsspråk som beskriver beräkningsmodeller. Resultatet av projektet utgör en grund för ett fortsatt arbete med att bygga vidare på prototypen, men även för att kunna lägga till fler beräkningsmoduler som i sin tur bidrar med utbyggningen av ramverket ForSyDe.

Svenskämnets huvudsakliga fokus är inriktat på språket men det kan ifrågasattas om även de övriga skolämnena bör ha samma fokus. Elever lär sig nya ord och begrepp inom alla ämnen i skolan men det är inte självklart att eleverna får tillräcklig förberedelse för detta. Syftet med denna studie är att bida med kunskap om hur ett språkutvecklande arbetssätt kan påverka inlärningen av ämnesrelaterade ord. Genom att låta eleverna genomföra ett ordtest utan ett språkutvecklande arbetssätt och ett ordtest med ett språkutvecklande arbetssätt tydliggörs det om och på vilket satt ett sådant arbetssätt kan påverka inlärningen. Resultatet från studien visar att ett språkutvecklande arbetssätt gynnar elevernas inlärning av nya ord och begrepp. / The main focus of the Swedish subject is language-oriented, but it can be questioned whether the same focus should be applied to other subjects in school as well, Students learn new words and concepts in all subjects, but they may not receive adequate preparation for this. This study aims to explore how a language-focused approach can affect the learning of subject-related vocabulary. By conducting vocabulary tests with and without a language-focused approach, we can determine if and how such an approach influences learning. The results show that a language-focused approach benefits most students in learning new words and concepts.

Cyber-physical systems are dynamic physical systems that are controlled by computers for their safe and sound operations (e.g., cars, satellites, robots, elevators, and many others). Consequently, the programs running cyber-physical systems have real-time requirements, which require the programs to compute not only correctly but also timely because dynamic physical systems need to move to correct positions within certain duration to ensure safe and sound operations. To satisfy real-time requirements in better ways, many real-time languages have been proposed in the literature. Nevertheless, the general-purpose non-real-time languages C and C++ have remained the de facto languages to program cyber-physical systems, including Mars rovers and F-35 jet fighters. Given this reality, the better ways to satisfy real-time requirements have been the use of model-based tools (e.g., MATLAB/Simulink) that allow cyber-physical systems to be designed by modeling and simulating them and the resulting models to be translated automatically to C programs. Model-based tools, however, leave the resulting C programs for manual integration with other C/C++ programs, such as legacy/third-party device drivers and libraries. Since manual integration could slip in some inconsistencies, which proved fatal in the maiden flight of Ariane-5 rocket, this work shows how the standard features of C++, which support active libraries, can be used to embed a model-based real-time language, called Tice, as a C++ active library that can be used to declaratively express models of real-time systems that are processable by off-the-shelf standard C++ compilers (e.g., GCC and Clang) that automatically not only translate the models into C/C++ programs but also check both the validity of the models and the consistency of the models with other C/C++ programs. Furthermore, being compilable by off-the-shelf standard C++ compilers also sets Tice apart from other real-time languages already proposed in the literature because the other languages require either their own special compilers/interpreters or non-standard C/C++ compilers. Consequently, while Tice itself either uses no C++ features that are unsuitable for cyber-physical systems (e.g., exception) or uses some in judicious manner (e.g., template instantiations to generate programs), Tice prevents no usage that is permitted by standard C++ compilers. Beside that, as C++ active libraries are indeed ordinary C++ libraries, C++ active libraries are seamlessly composable as ordinary C++ libraries, and therefore, as models play an increasingly important role in software engineering, this work shows the potential of C++ as a platform for language-oriented programming where different languages that express different kinds of models and are embedded as C++ active libraries could be composed seamlessly.

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