The purpose of this study is to explore the nature of dynamic relationships within families, and indicating how the decision to divorce may result from a family's difficulty in adjusting to new changes and stressors. Thus, divorce results in the redefinition of a nuclear system. This study made use of social constructionism as its epistemological framework. By means of in-depth one-on-one interviews, the researcher was able to hear the narratives of all six participants. Hermeneutics was used to analyze the data. The participants' stories were reencountered through the researcher's own frame of reference in which common themes of the divorce process were co-constructed. These themes were later elaborated on and a comparative analysis was undertaken to link them to the available literature. The information gained from the study could contribute to existing research on the impact of divorce, family reorganization following a divorce, and offer a new perspective in understanding family systems. / Clinical Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Text in Afrikaans / After taking her severely incapacitated husband to Europe immediately after the cessation of hostilities to obtain specialist medical treatment, Mrs Rachel Isabella Steyn (Tibbie) in 1905 brought the partially recovered Pres Steyn back to South Africa. She joined forces with her husband to revive the defeated Afrikaner socially, spiritually and materially. Tibbie assisted her husband with establishing the Oranje School for Girls in 1906, and in 1907 the Oranje Association for Women (OVV) was formed with Tibbie as chairperson. Although she was English speaking by birth, she openly identified herself with efforts to promote Afrikaans as a cultural language. Alongside her husband she worked for the building of the National Women's Monument to commemorate those who had died during the war. During all these activities she conscientiously cared for the health and spiritual needs of Pres Steyn. After Pres Steyn's death in 1916 she emerged more forcefully in public life. After the First World War in co-operation with Emily Hobhouse she collected money for the needy in Central Europe. She was constantly occupied with alleviating the needs of people, e.g. by collecting small donations from her people who had been impoverished by the war. In this manner a home could be acquired for Emily Hobhouse and Mrs De Wet, widow of the famous war general, could be assisted in her need. In 1926 Tibbie also arranged the burial of Emily Hobhouse at the Women's Monument. As a leader among her people Tibbie experienced the tensions of the Rebellion and two world wars without becoming involved publicly. Despite sharp political differences between the two language groups and amongst members of her own fam~ly, she successfully maintained her role as binding force. She preferred acting behind the scenes. She was the patroness of many organisations, and while she was often involved in ceremonial situations she always performed her duties with grace. Among both English and Afrikaans speaking peoples she was held in high esteem and among Afrikaners she spontaneously became accepted as Volksmoeder. When she was 83 years of age the Government asked her to act as South Africa's official representative at the abdication of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands. She was accorded a state funeral at the Women's Monument when she died on 3 January 1955. / Nadat sy haar ernstig ongestelde man na die einde van die Anglo-Boereoorlog vir gespesialiseerde mediese behandeling na Europa geneem het, het mev. Rachel Isabella Steyn (Tibbie) die gedeeltelik herstelde pres. M. T. Steyn in 1905 na Suid-Afrika terug gebring. Sy het haar saam met pres. Steyn beywer om die verslane Afrikanervolk op maatskaplike, geestelike en stoflike gebied weer op te hef. Tibbie het pres. Steyn bygestaan met die oprigting van die Meisieskool Oranje in 1906. In 1907 het die stigting van die Oranje-Vrouevereniging (OVV) onder haar voorsitsterskap geskied. Hoewel sy van afkoms Engelssprekend was, was sy een van die eerstes wat Afrikaans tot skryftaal verhef het. Aan die sy van haar eggenoot het sy gewerk vir die oprigting van die Nasionale Vrouemonument om die gestorwe vroue en kinders van die oorlog te gedenk. Te midde van dit alles het sy nougeset gewaak oor pres. Steyn se gesondheid en sy geestelike welsyn. Na pres. Steyn se dood in 1916 tree sy sterker na vore in die openbare lewe. In samewerking met Emily Hobhouse samel sy na die Eerste Wereldoorlog geld in vir noodlydendes van Sentraal-Europa. Sy het haar voortdurend beywer vir die verligting van die lot van haar mense, o.a. met die insameling van halfkrone by 'n oorlogsverarmde volk. So is o.a. 'n huis vir Emily Hobhouse bekom, en is die nood van genl. De Wet se weduwee verlig. Tibbie het ook in 1926 die leiding geneem met die begrafnis van Emily Hobhouse by die Vrouemonument. As leiersfiguur het sy die spanning van die Rebellie en die twee wereldoorloe sonder enige omstredenheid deurleef. Te midde van skerp politieke verskille tussen die taalgroepe en onder haar eie familie tree sy met sukses as saambindende krag op. Hoewel sy geweldige invloed gehad het, het sy by voorkeur agter die skerms opgetree. Sy was beskermvrou van verskeie organisasies en waar sy dikwels by seremoniele geleenthede betrek was, het sy haar pligte met groot grasie vervul. Onder sowel Engelse as Afrikaners is sy sonder voorbehoud geeer, en by die Afrikaners het sy spontaan die eretitel van Volksmoeder verwerf. Op drie-en-tagtigjarige ouderdom is sy in 1948 deur die Regering afgevaardig as Suid-Afrika se gesant tydens die plegtighede verbonde aan die abdikasie van koningin Wilhelmina van Nederland. Sy is 'n staatsbegrafnis by die Vrouemonument gegee toe sy op 3 Januarie 1955 oorlede is. / History / D. Litt. et Phil. (Geskiedenis)

The aim of this thesis is to compare legal regulations of real rights in Czech and French legal order. With respect to current situation, when starting the 1th january of 2014, the new civil code becomes effective, this thesis deals as well with the novelties in real rights' regulation established by the law nř89/2013 of Collection of Laws, civil code. This thesis consists of seven chapters. In the first chapter, I mention the aim of the thesis, its brief content and elaboration process. In the second to sixth chapter, the thesis deals in concrete with the real rights and its institutes. In each of these chapters, the Czech legal regulation according to the current civil code is mentioned first. Then, a discourse about French regulation follows. If both regulations are same, similar or slightly or absolutely different. Finally, a comparison with the new civil code is attached to practically all chapters. If it holds the current regulation or if it establishes new notions, institutes or conception or regime of the current institutes. And provided it brings novelties if it tends by them towards the French regulation or if it choses absolutely new solutions. The second chapter deals with real rights in general terms. With their conception and systematics. The thesis deals with the question how the...

DIE LEGALISIERUNG DER INTIMITÄT IN MEXIKO von Manuel Castillo Diese Dissertation wurde zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor iuris (Dr. iur.) an der Juristischen Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin in Deutschland vorgelegt. Das Hauptthema der Forschung ist die Legalisierung der Intimität, am Fallbeispiel des mexikanischen Rechts. Mit der Prämisse, dass das Recht auf Intimität sich aus dem Recht auf Privatsphäre ergibt, bespricht diese Forschungsarbeit die grundlegenden Menschenrechte, die einen Rahmen für die Legalisierung der Intimität ermöglichen. Die Einführung, der Sphären und Strukturen der Intimität, liefert eine Vorgehensweise zur Analyse dieses Themas. Es erfolgt eine Betrachtung der Frage der Geschlechter in ihrer Beziehung mit dem Recht und der Intimität. Aus einer „queer“ Perspektive hinterfragt diese Dissertation die Gleichstellung von Ehe und gleichgeschlechtlicher Ehe, mit dem Argument, ob eine neue Form der Legalisierung der Intimität für alle notwendig ist. Darüber hinaus, liefert diese Arbeit eine vergleichende Bewertung der mexikanischen Rechtsvorschriften im Rahmen des Völkerrechts. Am Ende der Dissertation, wird ein Vorschlag zur Legalisierung der Intimität im einundzwanzigsten Jahrhundert dargeboten. / THE LEGALIZATION OF INTIMACY IN MEXICO by Manuel Castillo This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor iuris (Dr. iur.) at the Faculty of Law, of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin in Germany. The main scope of the research is the legalization of intimacy, using Mexican law as a case study. Considering that the right to intimacy arises from the right to privacy, this research discusses the fundamental human rights that constitute a framework for the legalization of intimacy. The research provides an approach to the analysis of this subject that includes what has been introduced as the Spheres of Intimacy and the Structures of Intimacy. The issue of gender is discussed in its relationship with the law and intimacy. From a queer perspective, this dissertation questions the equality of marriage and same-sex marriage, arguing that a new form of legalization of intimacy for all is needed. Furthermore, this study provides a comparative review of Mexican legislations within the framework of international law. At the end, this dissertation offers a proposal for the legalization of intimacy in the twenty-first century.

by Cheng Bing-yee, Banny. / Questionnaire in Chinese. / Thesis (M.S.W.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-151). / ABSTRACT --- p.11 / Chapter ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.14 / Chapter TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Bereavement --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Stress --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- Social support --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4 --- Quality of life --- p.43 / Chapter THREE --- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1 --- Conceptual definition of variables --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2 --- Relationship of the variables in this study --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- Research questions and hypotheses of this study --- p.58 / Chapter FOUR --- METHODOLOGY --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1 --- Research design and sampling method --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2 --- Data collection operation --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3 --- Data analysis --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4 --- Measuring instrument --- p.62 / Chapter FIVE --- RESULTS --- p.67 / Chapter 5.1 --- Demographic characteristics --- p.67 / Chapter 5.2 --- Psychometric properties of the scales --- p.70 / Chapter 5.3 --- "Descriptive findings on stress of bereavement, social support, and quality of life" --- p.73 / Chapter 5.4 --- "Impact of demographic characteristics of the respondents on perceived stress, social support, and quality of life" --- p.103 / Chapter 5.5 --- "Relationships between stressor, perceived stress, social support and quality of life" --- p.106 / Chapter SIX --- DISCUSSION --- p.117 / Chapter 6.1 --- Discussion on methodology of this study --- p.117 / Chapter 6.2 --- Discussion on the results of the findings --- p.118 / Chapter 6.3 --- Limitations of the research --- p.130 / Chapter SEVEN --- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION --- p.132 / Chapter 7.1 --- Recommendations for general practice --- p.132 / Chapter 7.2 --- Recommendations for bereavement services and program --- p.135 / Chapter 7.3 --- Further Research --- p.141

The purpose of this study is to explore the nature of dynamic relationships within families, and indicating how the decision to divorce may result from a family's difficulty in adjusting to new changes and stressors. Thus, divorce results in the redefinition of a nuclear system. This study made use of social constructionism as its epistemological framework. By means of in-depth one-on-one interviews, the researcher was able to hear the narratives of all six participants. Hermeneutics was used to analyze the data. The participants' stories were reencountered through the researcher's own frame of reference in which common themes of the divorce process were co-constructed. These themes were later elaborated on and a comparative analysis was undertaken to link them to the available literature. The information gained from the study could contribute to existing research on the impact of divorce, family reorganization following a divorce, and offer a new perspective in understanding family systems. / Clinical Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Homicide-Suicide (H-S) is a rare but violent event in which an individual commits homicide and thereafter commits suicide. The H-S phenomenon appears to be increasing among members of the South African Police Service (SAPS). Although research on H-S is sparse, several SA studies have implicated the SAPS as a high risk occupational group for such killings. However, no systematic research that focuses on police H-S has ever been conducted within the RSA. The aim of this thesis is to determine the underlying causes of police H-S killings. The current national study included thirty-eight (38) police H-S cases over a two-year period (2012-2013). The macro, meso, and micro levels of analysis were utilised to study this phenomenon and to test both the socio-cultural and intrapsychic explanations of H-S. A mixed method approach was utilised, which involved both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Information on H-S was collected via document analysis and interviews with survivors of an H-S attack. The data obtained from the documents were coded on the SAPS “Homicide-Suicide Incidence Coding Form” and the results of this analysis were presented graphically in both tables and charts. Three interviews were conducted with the survivors of these attacks and were qualitatively analysed. The SAPS displayed an H-S incidence rate of 24.27 per 100 000 police officers. A typical police H-S perpetrator is likely to be a black African male who is 35 years old with a Grade 12 education. He would hold the rank of a constable and would have a history of domestic abuse. His victim would usually be an intimate partner of the same race who would be younger than him. She would be employed as an administrative clerk and would be shotand killed multiple times by her amorous jealous boyfriend due to a heated argument or quarrel. The service pistol would be used to commit both H-S killings. Four main themes emerged from the transcripts, namely: Patriarchal dynamics in H-S relationships, Financial issues and the patriarchal order, The death wish (“Thanatos”) of the perpetrator and the H-S survivors as double victims. On the macro level, partial support was found for social integration theory, while the meso and micro levels of analysis supported the psychodynamic perspective. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Text in Afrikaans / After taking her severely incapacitated husband to Europe immediately after the cessation of hostilities to obtain specialist medical treatment, Mrs Rachel Isabella Steyn (Tibbie) in 1905 brought the partially recovered Pres Steyn back to South Africa. She joined forces with her husband to revive the defeated Afrikaner socially, spiritually and materially. Tibbie assisted her husband with establishing the Oranje School for Girls in 1906, and in 1907 the Oranje Association for Women (OVV) was formed with Tibbie as chairperson. Although she was English speaking by birth, she openly identified herself with efforts to promote Afrikaans as a cultural language. Alongside her husband she worked for the building of the National Women's Monument to commemorate those who had died during the war. During all these activities she conscientiously cared for the health and spiritual needs of Pres Steyn. After Pres Steyn's death in 1916 she emerged more forcefully in public life. After the First World War in co-operation with Emily Hobhouse she collected money for the needy in Central Europe. She was constantly occupied with alleviating the needs of people, e.g. by collecting small donations from her people who had been impoverished by the war. In this manner a home could be acquired for Emily Hobhouse and Mrs De Wet, widow of the famous war general, could be assisted in her need. In 1926 Tibbie also arranged the burial of Emily Hobhouse at the Women's Monument. As a leader among her people Tibbie experienced the tensions of the Rebellion and two world wars without becoming involved publicly. Despite sharp political differences between the two language groups and amongst members of her own fam~ly, she successfully maintained her role as binding force. She preferred acting behind the scenes. She was the patroness of many organisations, and while she was often involved in ceremonial situations she always performed her duties with grace. Among both English and Afrikaans speaking peoples she was held in high esteem and among Afrikaners she spontaneously became accepted as Volksmoeder. When she was 83 years of age the Government asked her to act as South Africa's official representative at the abdication of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands. She was accorded a state funeral at the Women's Monument when she died on 3 January 1955. / Nadat sy haar ernstig ongestelde man na die einde van die Anglo-Boereoorlog vir gespesialiseerde mediese behandeling na Europa geneem het, het mev. Rachel Isabella Steyn (Tibbie) die gedeeltelik herstelde pres. M. T. Steyn in 1905 na Suid-Afrika terug gebring. Sy het haar saam met pres. Steyn beywer om die verslane Afrikanervolk op maatskaplike, geestelike en stoflike gebied weer op te hef. Tibbie het pres. Steyn bygestaan met die oprigting van die Meisieskool Oranje in 1906. In 1907 het die stigting van die Oranje-Vrouevereniging (OVV) onder haar voorsitsterskap geskied. Hoewel sy van afkoms Engelssprekend was, was sy een van die eerstes wat Afrikaans tot skryftaal verhef het. Aan die sy van haar eggenoot het sy gewerk vir die oprigting van die Nasionale Vrouemonument om die gestorwe vroue en kinders van die oorlog te gedenk. Te midde van dit alles het sy nougeset gewaak oor pres. Steyn se gesondheid en sy geestelike welsyn. Na pres. Steyn se dood in 1916 tree sy sterker na vore in die openbare lewe. In samewerking met Emily Hobhouse samel sy na die Eerste Wereldoorlog geld in vir noodlydendes van Sentraal-Europa. Sy het haar voortdurend beywer vir die verligting van die lot van haar mense, o.a. met die insameling van halfkrone by 'n oorlogsverarmde volk. So is o.a. 'n huis vir Emily Hobhouse bekom, en is die nood van genl. De Wet se weduwee verlig. Tibbie het ook in 1926 die leiding geneem met die begrafnis van Emily Hobhouse by die Vrouemonument. As leiersfiguur het sy die spanning van die Rebellie en die twee wereldoorloe sonder enige omstredenheid deurleef. Te midde van skerp politieke verskille tussen die taalgroepe en onder haar eie familie tree sy met sukses as saambindende krag op. Hoewel sy geweldige invloed gehad het, het sy by voorkeur agter die skerms opgetree. Sy was beskermvrou van verskeie organisasies en waar sy dikwels by seremoniele geleenthede betrek was, het sy haar pligte met groot grasie vervul. Onder sowel Engelse as Afrikaners is sy sonder voorbehoud geeer, en by die Afrikaners het sy spontaan die eretitel van Volksmoeder verwerf. Op drie-en-tagtigjarige ouderdom is sy in 1948 deur die Regering afgevaardig as Suid-Afrika se gesant tydens die plegtighede verbonde aan die abdikasie van koningin Wilhelmina van Nederland. Sy is 'n staatsbegrafnis by die Vrouemonument gegee toe sy op 3 Januarie 1955 oorlede is. / History / D. Litt. et Phil. (Geskiedenis)

La loi du 3 décembre 2001 a, incontestablement, réalisé une avancée majeure dans la protection du conjoint survivant en lui reconnaissant une vocation ab intestat en propriété et en lui permettant, le restant de sa vie, de se maintenir dans le logement conjugal. Néanmoins, cette protection se révèle insuffisante pour celui auquel la loi ferme l’option pour l’usufruit légal : le survivant laissé en la présence d’au moins un enfant issu d’une précédente union. L’introduction de cette distinction à l’article 757du Code civil ne permet pas, en effet, de garantir aux veuves et veufs, issus en particulier de familles recomposées, le maintien de leurs conditions d’existence antérieures, ce, d’autant plus que le droit viager au logement ne peut passe cumuler avec le quart légal en propriété. D’où la nécessité pour le futur défunt d’anticiper les conséquences de sa disparition. Le droit patrimonial de la famille offre, à cet égard, toute une panoplie d’instruments juridiques que le législateur du 23 juin 2006 est venu étoffer, notamment par les nouvelles libéralités-partages et les libéralités graduelles et résiduelles. Toutefois, il sera fait appel aux outils les plus classiques issus, pour les uns, du droit des régimes matrimoniaux avec les avantages matrimoniaux, pour les autres, du droit des libéralités avec l’institution contractuelle entre époux. La voie matrimoniale devant, autant que faire se peut, constituer l’essentiel de la protection du conjoint survivant. Enfin, il sera de bonne pratique de compléter ces mesures de prévoyance conjugale par le recours à l’assurance-vie et à la société civile de gestion de portefeuille de valeurs mobilières. / The law dated December 3rd, 2001 realized, undoubtedly, a major step forward in the protection of the surviving spouse since it recognizes for him a legal vocation in property and it allows himself, the rest of his life, to remain in the matrimonial home. Nevertheless, this protection turns out to be insufficient for the one to which the law closes the option for the legal usufruct : the survivor left with at least one child stemming from a previous union. The introduction of this distinction in the article757 of the civil Code does not, indeed, allow to guarantee for the widows and widowers, stemming in particular from blended families, the preservation of their previous conditions of existence, it, especially as the right life annuity in the accommodation cannot accrue with the legal quarter in property. Where from thenecessity for the future deceased to anticipate the consequences of his disappearance. The property right of the family offers, in this respect, a whole outfit of legal instruments which the legislator of June 23rd, 2006 came to enrich, in particular by new liberalities-divisions and the gradual (and residual) liberalities. However, it will be called on to the most classic stemming tools, for some, of the right of the matrimonial systems with the marital advantages, for the others, the right of the liberalities with the contractual institution between spouses. The marital way in front of, as far as possible, to constitute the main part of the protection of the survivor. Finally, it will be considered as good practice to complete these measures of conjugal foresight by the life insurance and the civil society of management of portfolio of securities.

Bakgrund: Varje år behöver 70 000–75 000 människor palliativ vård, varav de flesta har en cancersjukdom. Närstående har en viktig och central del i palliativ vård och kan påverka den drabbades mående innebär att lindra symtom och lidande där fokus inte ligger på att bota sjukdomen. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll att stötta och involvera närstående i kommunikationen.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva närståendes upplevelser av att vårda en anhörig med cancer i livets slutskede i hemmet.   Metod: Metoden som valdes var en litteraturöversikt. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades i resultatet. Artiklarna analyserades enligt Fribergs metod. Resultatartiklarna hade kvalitativ design och hämtades från CINAHL Complete och MEDLINE.   Resultat: Litteraturöversikten presenterades i tre teman och fem underteman. Det första temat innefattar att bli en vårdare, med undertemat ansvar att ständigt vara på vakt. Det andra temat innefattar känslor av vårdandet, med underteman stress och tiden nära döden. Det sista temat innefattar behov av stöd, med underteman stöd från familj och vänner, stöd från hälso-sjukvården.   Slutsats: Resultatet visade att närstående kände ett ansvar av att vårda sin anhörig, detta ansvar medförde bland annat att tunga beslut låg i deras händer angående anhörigas autonomi. Ansvaret bidrog även med negativa effekter både psykiskt och fysiskt i form av utmattning. Förberedelser inför döden visade sig vara en viktig del för närståendes mentala hälsa samt att stöd från familj, vänner och vårdpersonal framkom som betydelsefullt. / Background: Every year, 70 000–75 000 people need palliative care, most of them have cancer. Relatives have an important and central part in palliative care and can affect the victim's mood. Palliative care involves relieving symptoms and suffering where the focus is not on curing the disease. The nurse has an important role to support and involve relatives in the communication. Autonomy is seen as a difficult ethical dilemma in palliative care as the sufferer may have difficulty being self-determined in the final stages of life.   Aim: The purpose was to describe relatives' experiences of caring for a relative with cancer in the final stages of life at home.  Method: The chosen method was a literature review linked to Friberg. Ten scientific articles were included in the results. The articles were analyzed according to Friberg's method. The result articles had a qualitative design and were taken from CINAHL Complete and MEDLINE.   Results: The literature review was presented in three themes and five sub-themes. The first theme includes becoming a caregiver, with the sub-theme responsibility to be constantly on guard. The second theme includes emotions of care, with the sub-theme of stress, the time close to death. The last theme includes need for support, with the sub-theme support from family and friends, support from health care.   Conclusion: The results showed that close relatives felt a responsibility to care for their relatives, this responsibility meant, among other things, that heavy decisions were in their hands regarding the relatives' autonomy. The responsibility also contributed with negative effects both mentally and physically in the form of exhaustion. Preparations for death proved to be an important part of the mental health of close relatives and that support from family, friends and care staff emerged as meaningful.