Global ETD Search

81	Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Chronic Neuropathic Pain (CNP): A Pilot fMRI Neuro-Imaging Analysis in Breast Cancer Survivors Mioduszewski, Ola 30 September 2022 (has links) A significant subset of women plagued with breast cancer continue to experience chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) long after undergoing cancer treatment. Medical interventions such as pharmacotherapy and/or surgery have been most widely used to abate painful symptoms with limited efficacy. Other alternatives are required given a heavy reliance on pharmaceuticals can lead to tolerance, dependence and severe side effects. Possibilities include cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), physical therapy, and mindfulness interventions to supplement pharmacotherapies. Mindfulness practice in particular has been offered to a variety of chronic pain groups including breast cancer patients, however evidence is lacking to support its effectiveness in CNP for breast cancer survivors (BCS). The purpose of the present study was to explore the benefits a mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) may have on altering the underlying neuronal correlates linked with pain-related symptoms associated with CNP in BCS. The primary objective was to investigate how mindfulness training might possibly mediate the brain’s capacity for emotional reactivity, white matter integrity, and activation of the default mode network (DMN) and how these changes may correlate with levels of pain severity and pain interference, improving overall quality of life. To achieve these results, several brain imaging techniques were used in order to observe the correlation between the subjective experience of pain and the objective manifestation of brain changes that may be potentiated by MBSR training. A total of 23 participants were placed in either an 8 week MBSR intervention group (n=13) or a waitlist control group (n =10). All women were scanned with MRI before and after the 8 week intervention regardless of group allotment. The following neuroimaging modalities were used for each scanning session: resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) to monitor changes to functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN); Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) to assess the structural integrity of white matter tracts; and the Emotional Stroop Task (EST) to examine emotional reactivity in response to pain related stimuli. Exploratory results from this pilot study indicate that improvements to functional connectivity were apparent in the MBSR group relative to control, indicative of more efficient communication in areas related to attention, self-awareness, emotion regulation and pain. Improvements were also noted as increased cerebral white matter health and reduced emotional reactivity to pain related stimuli in the group of MBSR trained participants relative to control. Additionally, these functional and structural changes correlated with the self-reported pain measures in the MBSR group, suggesting that the MBSR group demonstrated improvements to ratings of pain severity and pain interference whereas the opposite occurred with the control group. The results have been interpreted as improvements to patients’ perception of pain and quality of life post MBSR training, however, were not limited to the subjective experience of pain. The inclusion of neuroimaging modalities provides objective and empirical support for MBSR training as it highlights the underlying brain mechanisms that were altered as part of MBSR treatment. Ultimately, the evidence suggests that MBSR could be incorporated as part of the treatment protocol for women experiencing CNP post breast cancer treatment. Mindfulness Breast Cancer fMRI Neuro-imaging Chronic Neuropathic Pain Chronic Pain Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction MBSR Diffusion Tensor Imaging DTI Emotional Stroop Task EST Resting State MRI rsfmRI Quality of Life Pain
82	Pathways from Nature to Wellbeing through Immigrant Narratives : An Exploratory Study on Urban Green Spaces and Wellbeing in Sweden / Vägar från natur till välmående genom invandrares berättelser : En utforskande studie av urbana grönområden och välmående i Sverige Tañada, Jose Maria Rafael January 2024 (has links) With increasing trends in global migration and urbanization causing human health issues such as psychological stress, context-sensitive planning and strategizing for outdoor nature-based interventions, such as urban green spaces (UGS), paves way for sustainable and socially just cities and communities. This study aims to explore and identify this context in regard to immigrants in Sweden through triangulation of collected data involving participants’ perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors toward migration, urban green spaces, and human health in the framework of the perceived restorative qualities of Kaplan & Kaplan’s Attention Restoration Theory (ART). Methods for data collection included an online survey and perceived restorativeness (PRS) test administered to 100 respondents, and semi-structured interviews, photovoice storytelling, and a similar PRS test to 18 interviewees. The collected data was analyzed through mixed methods. Quantitative data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis test to detect significant differences of PRS test results of survey respondents in regard to aspects of their migration background and UGS perspectives. Qualitative data analysis was performed using thematic analysis on data collected from the interviewees resulting to five identified main themes. Furthermore, results from both qualitative and quantitative analyses are interpreted through a reconstruction of narratives of potential UGS beneficiaries. Findings have shown evidence of migration-related experiences, memories, and lifestyles as main factors of current attitudes and behaviors toward UGS, and consequently affecting maximization of intended UGS benefits. Air pollution and negative social experiences were shown to be main factors affecting participants’ wellbeing and frequency of UGS use. Water features, family-friendly orientation, and walkability in outdoor spaces were shown to be main preferences hinting at pathways of UGS toward improved human wellbeing. Despite the challenge of needing personal life context to enlighten socially just decision-making in the planning of urban outdoor spaces, the interconnectedness of perspectives of interview and survey participants with varying migration backgrounds through the reconstructed narratives shed light on pathways that urban planners can choose to focus on. / Denna studie utforskar migrationens och urbana grönområdens (UGS) kontext i Sverige, med fokus på invandrares uppfattningar, attityder och beteenden gentemot UGS och hälsa inom ramen för Kaplan & Kaplans Attention Restoration Theory (ART). Datainsamlingen inkluderade en online-enkät och ett test för upplevd återhämtning (PRS) som administrerades till 100 respondenter, samt semistrukturerade intervjuer, fotoberättelser och PRS-test till 18 intervjuade. Blandad metodanalys avslöjade migrationsrelaterade erfarenheter som nyckelfaktorer som påverkar UGS-användning och välbefinnande. Preferenser inkluderade vatteninslag, familjevänliga områden och gångvänlighet. Luftföroreningar och negativa sociala erfarenheter påverkade välbefinnandet och UGS-användningen negativt. Resultaten informerar om socialt rättvis stadsplanering. nature urban green spaces stress reduction attention restoration perceived restorativeness scale mental health migration immigrants social cohesion accessibility stadsgrönområden natur och hälsa tillgänglighet stressreduktion urban hållbarhet social sammanhållning integrering invandring Sociology Sociologi
83	Evaluation system: How interaction with immersive environment using virtual reality, influences stress levels : A quasi-experimental study Ghassan, Bassima Basma, Mostafa, Dina January 2024 (has links) Stress has become an increasing issue in modern society, affecting the mental and physical health of individuals across all age groups and demographics. Therefore, innovative solutions that extend beyond traditional methods are required to reduce stress. Our study investigates the effects of immersive virtual reality (VR) environments on stress reduction by comparing them to non-immersive environments while integrating creative arts therapy and breathing exercises. The study uses a quasi-experimental design to observe two participant groups: one experiencing a VR-based intervention and the other a non-immersive control environment (Desktop). Each group data collection included pre- and post-exposure surveys and heartbeat variability measurements to assess stress levels subjectively and objectively. The results suggest that both environments can mitigate stress. However, the non-immersive environment has more statistically significant results in reducing stress compared to the immersive environments. This may be attributed to the overstimulation of immersive environments, users' readiness for the immersive technology, and the user experience offered by the VR headset employed in the study. Overall, this research highlights the potential of both immersive and non-immersive environments as modern tools for enhancing stress reduction. Future research could explore long-term effects and a more diverse demographic to better understand immersive environments' impact on stress reduction and management. Virtual Reality Stress Reduction Creative Arts Therapy Mindfulness Quasi-Experimental Design Heartbeat Variability. Övrig annan teknik Health Sciences Hälsovetenskaper Computer and Information Sciences Data- och informationsvetenskap Psychology Psykologi
84	Grönstrukturens funktion och betydelse för studenternas återhämtning (under covid-19 restriktioner) / Green structure's function and importance for students' recovery (during Covid-19 restrictions) Ahmad, Doaa January 2020 (has links) Tidigare forskning har visat att exponering för grön miljö tillhandahåller hälsofördelar. Dessa fördelar indikerar bland annat återhämtningseffekt av stress, trötthet och uppmärksamhetsutmattning, vilket är särskilt viktigt för universitetsstudenter. Därför syftade denna studie att undersöka om det finns en koppling mellan universitetsstudenters kontakt med grönstruktur i/nära studiemiljö och studenternas upplevelse av sin studiemiljö under covid-19 restriktionerna. Detta med hjälp av en dagbokundersökning som förstudie och telefonintervjuer. Analysverktyget bestod av teoretiska ramverk, Attention Restoration Theory (ART) och Stress Reduktion Theory (SRT). Resultat och analys har bekräftat Attention Restoration Theory (ART), där det uppges att gröna naturliga miljöer ger återhämtningseffekt och väcker uppmärksamhet efter en mental trötthet. Därtill bekräftade den även Stress Recovery Theory (SRT), där det uppges att gröna naturliga miljöer ger positiva effekt på stressminskning, -bearbetning och -återhämtning. Slutsatsen till denna undersökning är att grönstruktur har en stor betydelse för universitetsstudenterna, detta då alla väljer att vistas eller komma i kontakt med gröna naturen på ett eller annat sätt, till exempel gå en promenad i naturen eller åka till en stuga i skogen. Att naturen är en del av studenternas vardag verkar vara framför allt en omedveten upplevelse för de flesta och sker utan erkännande eller bearbetning av miljön. Dock framkommer det att processen kan vara medveten för vissa studenter. / Previous research has shown that exposure to the green environment provides health benefits. These benefits indicate among other things, recovery effect of stress, fatigue and attention-exhaustion, which is especially important for university students. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether there is a connection between university students' contact with the green structure in / near the study-environment and the students' experience of their study environment during the covid-19 restrictions. This with the help of a diary-survey as a pilot-study and telephone interviews. The analysis tool consisted of theoretical frameworks, Attention Restoration Theory (ART) and Stress Reduction Theory (SRT). Results and analysis have confirmed Attention Restoration Theory (ART), where it states that green natural environments have a recovery effect and attracts attention after a mental fatigue. In addition, it also confirmed the Stress Recovery Theory (SRT), which states that green natural environments have a positive effect on stress reduction, processing and recovery. The conclusion of this study is that green structure is of great importance to university students, as everyone chooses to reside or get in touch with green nature in one way or another, for example going for a walk in a green environment or staying in a cottage in the forest. That nature is a part of the students' everyday life seems to be above all an unconscious experience for most and takes place without recognition or processing of the environment. However, it appears that the process may be conscious for some students. Green structure green nature nature environment green environment university-students students study environment stress recovery restoration restoration environment recovery effect stress mental fatigue attention fatigue Attention Restoration Theory (ART) Stress Reduction Theory (SRT) covid-19 restrictions corona virus quarantine. Grönstruktur grönska grön natur naturmiljö grön miljö universitetsstudenter studenter studiemiljö stressåterhämtning återhämtning återhämtningsmiljö återhämtningseffekt återhämtningsupplevelse stress mental trötthet uppmärksamhetsutmattning Attention Restoration Theory (ART) Stress Reduction Theory (SRT) covid-19 restriktioner corona virus karantän. Environmental Sciences Miljövetenskap
85	Using a Catenary Equation in Parametric Representation for Minimizing Stress Concentrations at Notches / Minimierung der Spannungskonzentration an Kerben mittels einer Kettenlinie in parametrischer Darstellung Jakel, Roland 26 June 2015 (has links) (PDF) Der Vortrag beschreibt, wie sich mittels Kettenlinien als Kerbgeometrie der Spannungskonzentrationsfaktor an Querschnittsübergängen auf nahezu 1 reduzieren lässt. Mittels globaler Sensitivitätsstudien in der p-FEM-Software Creo Simulate wird mithilfe eines in Creo Parametric parametrisierten CAD-Modells der Kettenlinie in Parameterdarstellung ein normiertes Kerbzahldiagramm erstellt. Dieses erlaubt die Dimensionierung einer Kerbe, d.h. die Festlegung ihrer exakten Geometrie und der damit verbundenen Kerbzahl αk ohne die weitere Verwendung eines FEM-Programmes. / The presentation describes how to reduce the stress concentration factor at cross section transitions to nearly 1 by using a catenary curve as notch geometry (catenary fillet). With help of global sensitivity studies performed in the p-FEM-code Creo Simulate, a normalized stress concentration factor diagram is drawn. Therefore, a CAD-model of the catenary curve in parametric representation was developed. The diagram created allows to dimension the notch, that means to determine its exact geometry and stress concentration factor Kt, without further usage of a FEM code. Kerbspannung Kerbspannungsreduktion Kerbzahl αk Kerbzahldiagramm Kettenlinie Parameterdarstellung Creo Simulate Creo Parametric FEM globale Sensitivitätsstudie Notch stress notch stress reduction stress concentration factor Kt stress concentration factor diagram catenary curve parametric representation Creo Simulate Creo Parametric FEM global sensitivity study ddc:629 Kerbspannung Kettenlinie Creo Simulate Creo Parametric
86	Environmentálně-psychologická východiska výchovy v přírodě / The Basis of Environmental Psychology for Outdoor Education (The Influence of Nature on Mental and Social Well-Being) VRBOVÁ, Zuzana January 2012 (has links) The work deals with theoretical research of basis of Environmental Psychology for Outdoor Education. It answers two questions ? why in the conceptions of Outdoor Education is nature the preferred environment and what are the benefits of nature for physical, mental and social health. The answers to theses questions are in the work described through theories of environmental preference and restorative effects of nature. There are three major sections of the work. The first part discusses the basis, principles and contents of Environmental Psychology and Outdoor Education, the core terminology of the work, and the nodal points of Environmental Psyhcology and the theory of Outdoor Education. Second part describes those theories and concepts of Environmental Psychology which are related to the primary and subsidiary research questions. The third part evaluates the impacts and relevance of environmental-psychological knowledge on concepts of Outdoor Education.
87	Effets de la pleine conscience sur l’empathie, les compétences émotionnelles, le cortisol capillaire, et le stress psychologique des soignants en hémato-oncologie pédiatrique Lamothe, Martin 11 1900 (has links) No description available. Empathie Émotions Compétences émotionnelles Acceptation émotionnelle Stress Cortisol capillaire Épuisement professionnel Soignants Hémato-oncologie Empathy Emotions Emotional competencies Emotional acceptance Stress Hair cortisol Burnout Healthcare providers Hematology-oncology Mindfulness Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction MBSR
88	Using a Catenary Equation in Parametric Representation for Minimizing Stress Concentrations at Notches Jakel, Roland 26 June 2015 (has links) Der Vortrag beschreibt, wie sich mittels Kettenlinien als Kerbgeometrie der Spannungskonzentrationsfaktor an Querschnittsübergängen auf nahezu 1 reduzieren lässt. Mittels globaler Sensitivitätsstudien in der p-FEM-Software Creo Simulate wird mithilfe eines in Creo Parametric parametrisierten CAD-Modells der Kettenlinie in Parameterdarstellung ein normiertes Kerbzahldiagramm erstellt. Dieses erlaubt die Dimensionierung einer Kerbe, d.h. die Festlegung ihrer exakten Geometrie und der damit verbundenen Kerbzahl αk ohne die weitere Verwendung eines FEM-Programmes. / The presentation describes how to reduce the stress concentration factor at cross section transitions to nearly 1 by using a catenary curve as notch geometry (catenary fillet). With help of global sensitivity studies performed in the p-FEM-code Creo Simulate, a normalized stress concentration factor diagram is drawn. Therefore, a CAD-model of the catenary curve in parametric representation was developed. The diagram created allows to dimension the notch, that means to determine its exact geometry and stress concentration factor Kt, without further usage of a FEM code. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/629 ddc:629
89	Systematic Analysis and Comparison of Stress Minimizing Notch Shapes : Obtaining a stress concentration factor of Kt=1 without FEM-Code Ciomber, Isabelle, Jakel, Roland 08 May 2014 (has links) (PDF) Als Stand der Technik sind einfache, kreisförmige Verrundungen zur Reduktion von Kerbspannungen an Querschnittsübergängen bekannt, für die aus Tabellenwerken / Diagrammen in der Literatur die Formzahl einfach abgelesen werden kann. Die Effizienz der Spannungsreduktion solcher Lösungen ist jedoch sehr begrenzt. Ziel der Arbeit ist es daher, dem Konstrukteur bzw. Berechnungsingenieur ein Verfahren in die Hand zu geben, mit dem er für Standardquerschnittsübergänge und Standardlastfälle "Nicht-Kreiskerben" ohne teure und zeitaufwendige FEM-Analyse einfach durch Nutzung geeigneter Formzahldiagramme auslegen kann. Dabei sind sogar Formzahlen von nahezu eins möglich, d.h., in der "Kerbe" bleibt praktisch nur noch die Nennspannung übrig. Die Präsentation ist zweitgeteilt: Im ersten Teil werden die Arbeitsmethoden bzw. Softwarefunktionen und verwendeten Softwarewerkzeuge vorgestellt: Dies sind die Programme Creo Parametric als vollparametrisches CAD-Werkzeug und Creo Simulate als p-FEM-Programm der Parametric Technology Coprporation (PTC). Der zweite Teil der Präsentation beschreibt den Gültigkeitsbereich sowie die untersuchten Kerbgeometrien: Die einfache kreisförmige Verrundung als Stand der Technik, die Zwei-Radien-Kerbe, die Baud-Kurve, die Methode der Zugdreiecke nach Claus Mattheck, die elliptische Kerbe sowie die konische Rundung als generalisierte elliptische Kerbe. Es wird kurz eine Bibliothek vorgestellt, mit der solche Kerben einfach ausgelegt werden können, d.h. Ihre exakte Geometrie festgelegt sowie die zugehörige Formzahl αk bestimmt werden kann. / Circular (one-radius) fillets are known as state-of-the-art for reducing notch stresses at cross section transitions. The stress concentration factor Kt of such geometries can be read out from diagrams/tables given in the literature. However, the efficiency of stress reduction of circular notches is very limited. The goal of the work therefor is to present a method for the designer/analyst how to design non-circular notches/fillets just by using suitable Kt-diagrams without time-consuming and expensive FEM analyses. Kt-numbers of nearly one are possible, that means in the "notch" just the nominal stress appears and no stress concentration takes place. The presentation has two parts: Part one describes the working methods and software functions as well as software tools: Creo Parametric as fully-parametric CAD program and Creo Simulate as embedded p-FEM-tool from Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC) have been used. The second part describes the range of validity and the examined notch geometries: The one-radius fillet as state-of-the-art, the two-radii filet, the Baud-curve, the method of tensile triangles from Claus Mattheck, the standard elliptical fillet and the conical round as generalized elliptical fillet. A notch layout library is shortly presented that allows to design such fillets, that means exactly determine the notch geometry and the related stress concentration factor Kt. Kerbgestaltung Verrundung (ein-Radius-Kerbe) elliptische Kerbe Zwei-Radien-Kerbe Baudkurve Methode der Zugdreiecke konische Rundung Kerbzahldiagramme Kerbzahl (Formzahl) αk FEM p-FEM Kerbauslegungs-Bibliothek Kerspannungsnimierung parametrisches Modellieren Parameteroptimierer globale und lokale Sensitivitätsstudie Optimierungsstudie Multiziel-Konstruktionsstudie notch stress notch design circular (one-radius) fillet elliptical fillet two-radii-fillet Baud curve method of tensile triangles conical round stress concentration factor diagrams stress concentration factor Kt FEM p-FEM notch layout library notch stress minimization Creo Simulate Creo Parametric parametric modelling parameter optimizer global and local sensitivity study optimization study multi-objective design study bionics ddc:629 Kerbspannung Creo Simulate Creo Parametric Bionik
90	Systematic Analysis and Comparison of Stress Minimizing Notch Shapes : Obtaining a stress concentration factor of Kt=1 without FEM-Code Ciomber, Isabelle, Jakel, Roland 08 May 2014 (has links) Als Stand der Technik sind einfache, kreisförmige Verrundungen zur Reduktion von Kerbspannungen an Querschnittsübergängen bekannt, für die aus Tabellenwerken / Diagrammen in der Literatur die Formzahl einfach abgelesen werden kann. Die Effizienz der Spannungsreduktion solcher Lösungen ist jedoch sehr begrenzt. Ziel der Arbeit ist es daher, dem Konstrukteur bzw. Berechnungsingenieur ein Verfahren in die Hand zu geben, mit dem er für Standardquerschnittsübergänge und Standardlastfälle "Nicht-Kreiskerben" ohne teure und zeitaufwendige FEM-Analyse einfach durch Nutzung geeigneter Formzahldiagramme auslegen kann. Dabei sind sogar Formzahlen von nahezu eins möglich, d.h., in der "Kerbe" bleibt praktisch nur noch die Nennspannung übrig. Die Präsentation ist zweitgeteilt: Im ersten Teil werden die Arbeitsmethoden bzw. Softwarefunktionen und verwendeten Softwarewerkzeuge vorgestellt: Dies sind die Programme Creo Parametric als vollparametrisches CAD-Werkzeug und Creo Simulate als p-FEM-Programm der Parametric Technology Coprporation (PTC). Der zweite Teil der Präsentation beschreibt den Gültigkeitsbereich sowie die untersuchten Kerbgeometrien: Die einfache kreisförmige Verrundung als Stand der Technik, die Zwei-Radien-Kerbe, die Baud-Kurve, die Methode der Zugdreiecke nach Claus Mattheck, die elliptische Kerbe sowie die konische Rundung als generalisierte elliptische Kerbe. Es wird kurz eine Bibliothek vorgestellt, mit der solche Kerben einfach ausgelegt werden können, d.h. Ihre exakte Geometrie festgelegt sowie die zugehörige Formzahl αk bestimmt werden kann. / Circular (one-radius) fillets are known as state-of-the-art for reducing notch stresses at cross section transitions. The stress concentration factor Kt of such geometries can be read out from diagrams/tables given in the literature. However, the efficiency of stress reduction of circular notches is very limited. The goal of the work therefor is to present a method for the designer/analyst how to design non-circular notches/fillets just by using suitable Kt-diagrams without time-consuming and expensive FEM analyses. Kt-numbers of nearly one are possible, that means in the "notch" just the nominal stress appears and no stress concentration takes place. The presentation has two parts: Part one describes the working methods and software functions as well as software tools: Creo Parametric as fully-parametric CAD program and Creo Simulate as embedded p-FEM-tool from Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC) have been used. The second part describes the range of validity and the examined notch geometries: The one-radius fillet as state-of-the-art, the two-radii filet, the Baud-curve, the method of tensile triangles from Claus Mattheck, the standard elliptical fillet and the conical round as generalized elliptical fillet. A notch layout library is shortly presented that allows to design such fillets, that means exactly determine the notch geometry and the related stress concentration factor Kt. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/629 ddc:629

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