金融市場中存在著許多預測機構, 他們各自召集信眾並且不時地釋放訊息給其會員好讓他們能在交易中獲利。每筆訊息皆代表著各機構對此資產價值的預測, 會員則依此訊息至市場上尋找機會交易。他們交易前會先理性地觀察市場過往的波動。如果市場走勢所預測的訊息與自己的訊息一致, 那交易者交易時大概不會有所顧慮。然而當市場趨勢與自己的訊息不一致時, 交易者勢必會陷入兩難。仔細地衡量斟酌兩股力量的輕重後, 進而選擇他覺得對的決定。如果交易者放棄自己的訊息而追隨前人交易的腳步, 那我們可定義這是一種群聚的行為。 如果某一機構的會員人數龐大, 則他們勢必會影響市場價格的波動。不知情的交易者在看到價格趨勢如此時, 可能會放棄自己的訊息轉而追隨過往交易者的選擇。然而此種交易伴隨著風險, 因為不知道正確的訊息為何, 當價格已經達到機構所預測的目標時, 知情的會員便開始反向操作, 而不知情的交易者可能會持續地採取此一交易策略。於是當資產真正價值揭露時, 不知情交易者便可能因此被套牢。跟隨大眾的決策相對保險, 但是當追隨的人沒有額外的訊息無法查覺情勢的變化時, 便可能面臨損失的風險。 我們建構了一個存在兩種類型交易者的市場, 一方是沒有參加機構的一般交易者, 另一方是同時參加某一機構的會員交易者。透過私有訊息與公開歷史交易預測的權衡, 交易者必須想辦法在這一次機會的交易中獲利。而我們想找出是否對任何交易者而言, 參加預測機構是有利可圖的。 想當然爾, 市場中會員交易者的多寡對於機構預測目標價位的達成頗為重要, 因為影響力的大小間接決定了市場雙方的利潤。當然每位交易者對訊息的信心也有所不同, 這些因素都會影響雙方的利潤。而本篇論文即是嘗試找出在哪種條件之下, 參與機構交易者的交易績效會比沒有參與機構交易者的績效為佳。 / Traders with their own heterogeneous hidden information are coming to the market to trade in order to maximize their expected profits. They will observe the trends of prices and compare it to their private signals and then make the right decisions. The trends might not consistent with the private signals. If the traders choose to abandon his own signals and follow the actions made by predecessors, we called the action “Herds.” In this paper, we set a mechanism to harmonize with these two powers. Also we put the traders into two subgroups, and one of the groups will send another signal to its members. For simplicity, we use a sequential trading model to see the trade patterns. Since we use the closing price to measure traders’ profits, traders in the market need to presume what the closing price will be. Then we calculate the profits of each group and find out their performance. We want to see under what kind of conditions, the performance of one group will be better than that of another group. If we can find the conditions of better performance, it is worth for the traders to join that group.

Disertacijos darbo tikslas – aptikti ir identifikuoti Lietuvoje paplitusias fitoplazmas vabzdžiuose, surinktuose nuo įvairių augalų su fitoplazminiais simptomais ir nustatyti fitoplazmų vabzdžius pernešėjus bei atskleisti identifikuotų ir kitų fitoplazmų filogenetinius giminingumus. Lietuvoje jau žinomos keletas labiausiai paplitusių fitoplazmų grupių bei pogrupių, taip pat aptikta nemažai jų augalų-šeimininkų. Duomenų apie galimus šių bakterijų pernešėjus Lietuvoje beveik nėra. Pernešėjų identifikavimas ir tyrimas padės kurti veiksmingesnes strategijas bei sistemas kovai su fitoplazminėmis infekcijomis. Fitoplazmų ir jų pernešėjų identifikavimas suteiks svarbių duomenų tiriant šių patogenų ekologiją, paplitimą, kilmę, epidemiologiją, plitimo kelius. Informacija bus naudinga Lietuvos ir kaimyninių šalių augalų apsaugai. Taip pat galės padėti nustatant galimų invazinių vabzdžių rūšių bei fitoplazmų kamienų atsiradimą Lietuvoje dėl klimato kaitos. Šio darbo metu pirmą kartą Lietuvoje molekuliniais metodais buvo išaiškinti fitoplazmų vabzdžiai pernešėjai. Daugelis aptiktų fitoplazmų pogrupių nustatytos identifikotuose vabzdžiuose pirmą kartą, kaip Lietuvoje taip ir pasaulyje. Penkiose augalų rūšyse fitoplazmos aptiktos pirmą kartą Lietuvoje. Darbo metu nustatytas vienas visiškai naujas Lietuvai ir pasauliui ir vienas naujas Lietuvai fitoplazmų pogrupiai bei jų augalai šeimininkai, kas prisideda prie Lietuvoje bei pasaulyje aptinkamų fitoplazmų paplitimo ir bioįvairovės tyrimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the research was to identify the phytoplasmas detected in insects that were found on various phytoplasma-infected plants, and to reveal phytoplasma insect-vectors as well as phytogenetical relationships of identified phytoplasmas. From previous research, we already know a few mostly widespread phytoplasma groups, subgroups, and many of their host plants in Lithuania. The data on potential vectors of these bacteria are very scarce in Lithuania. The identification and research of insect vectors will help to create more effective strategies and systems to fight with phytoplasmal infections. Identification of phytoplasmas and their vectors will provide important data for research of ecology, distribution, origin, epidemiology, and ways of spreading of these pathogens. Such information is beneficial for plant protection institutions and plant growers in Lithuania and neighbouring countries. It will help to ascertain possible invasive insect species and phytoplasma strains in Lithuania. During this research for the first time in Lithuania, we determined possible phytoplasma insect vectors using molecular biology methods. Most of the detected phytoplasma subgroups were found in the identified insect species for the first time in Lithuania and worldwide. Our data on new potential insect vector species extend the spectrum of phytoplasma vectors in our region. Phytoplasmas were detected for the first time in five plant species in Lithuania. We identified in this work one... [to full text]

The aim of the research was to identify the phytoplasmas detected in insects that were found on various phytoplasma-infected plants, and to reveal phytoplasma insect-vectors as well as phytogenetical relationships of identified phytoplasmas. From previous research, we already know a few mostly widespread phytoplasma groups, subgroups, and many of their host plants in Lithuania. The data on potential vectors of these bacteria are very scarce in Lithuania. The identification and research of insect vectors will help to create more effective strategies and systems to fight with phytoplasmal infections. Identification of phytoplasmas and their vectors will provide important data for research of ecology, distribution, origin, epidemiology, and ways of spreading of these pathogens. Such information is beneficial for plant protection institutions and plant growers in Lithuania and neighbouring countries. It will help to ascertain possible invasive insect species and phytoplasma strains in Lithuania. During this research for the first time in Lithuania, we determined possible phytoplasma insect vectors using molecular biology methods. Most of the detected phytoplasma subgroups were found in the identified insect species for the first time in Lithuania and worldwide. Our data on new potential insect vector species extend the spectrum of phytoplasma vectors in our region. Phytoplasmas were detected for the first time in five plant species in Lithuania. We identified in this work one... [to full text] / Disertacijos darbo tikslas – aptikti ir identifikuoti Lietuvoje paplitusias fitoplazmas vabzdžiuose, surinktuose nuo įvairių augalų su fitoplazminiais simptomais ir nustatyti fitoplazmų vabzdžius pernešėjus bei atskleisti identifikuotų ir kitų fitoplazmų filogenetinius giminingumus. Lietuvoje jau žinomos keletas labiausiai paplitusių fitoplazmų grupių bei pogrupių, taip pat aptikta nemažai jų augalų-šeimininkų. Duomenų apie galimus šių bakterijų pernešėjus Lietuvoje beveik nėra. Pernešėjų identifikavimas ir tyrimas padės kurti veiksmingesnes strategijas bei sistemas kovai su fitoplazminėmis infekcijomis. Fitoplazmų ir jų pernešėjų identifikavimas suteiks svarbių duomenų tiriant šių patogenų ekologiją, paplitimą, kilmę, epidemiologiją, plitimo kelius. Informacija bus naudinga Lietuvos ir kaimyninių šalių augalų apsaugai. Taip pat galės padėti nustatant galimų invazinių vabzdžių rūšių bei fitoplazmų kamienų atsiradimą Lietuvoje dėl klimato kaitos. Šio darbo metu pirmą kartą Lietuvoje molekuliniais metodais buvo išaiškinti fitoplazmų vabzdžiai pernešėjai. Daugelis aptiktų fitoplazmų pogrupių nustatytos identifikotuose vabzdžiuose pirmą kartą, kaip Lietuvoje taip ir pasaulyje. Penkiose augalų rūšyse fitoplazmos aptiktos pirmą kartą Lietuvoje. Darbo metu nustatytas vienas visiškai naujas Lietuvai ir pasauliui ir vienas naujas Lietuvai fitoplazmų pogrupiai bei jų augalai šeimininkai, kas prisideda prie Lietuvoje bei pasaulyje aptinkamų fitoplazmų paplitimo ir bioįvairovės tyrimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Das thermophile Bakterium Campylobacter jejuni gehört weltweit zu den häufigsten Erregern bakterieller Gastroenteritiden beim Menschen. Der Erreger wird hauptsächlich durch kreuzkontaminierte Lebensmittel, zumeist ausgehend von Geflügelprodukten, übertragen. Aufgrund seines weiten Wirtsspektrums weist C. jejuni eine hohe genetische Vielfalt unter seinen Isolaten auf. Mit dem Ziel herauszufinden, ob das Auftreten spezifischer Markergene mit bestimmten klonalen Komplexen korreliert, wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit 266 C. jejuni-Isolate unterschiedlicher Herkunft (Mensch, Rind, Huhn, Pute) molekularbiologisch auf das Vorhandensein von zehn Virulenz-assoziierten Faktoren: cj1321-1326 (ein sechs Gen umfassender Komplex zur Flagellin-O-Glykolisierung), ciaB (Campylobacter-Invasions-Antigen B), cdtB (cytolethales distendierendes Toxin, CDT) Untereinheit B, fucP (L-Fucose-Permease), cj0178/cj0755 (Eisentransportprotein), ceuE (Enterochelin bindendes Protein), pldA (Phospholipase A der äußeren Membran) und cstII/cstIII (Lipooligosaccharid-Sialyltransferase) untersucht. In einer vorrangegangen Studie von ZAUTNER et al. 2011 wurden bereits 266 C. jejuni-Isolate durch Kombination von MLST und den sechs genetischen Metabolismus-assoziierten Markern: ansB (periplasmatische Asparaginase), dmsA (Untereinheit A der Dimethyl-sulfoxid-Oxidoreduktase), ggt (γ-Glutamyl-Transpeptidase), cj1585c (Oxidoreduktase), cjj811-76-1367/71 (Serin-Protease) und tlp7m+c (transducer-like Protein 7 (Ameiseisäure-spezifische Chemotaxisrezeptor), Heterodimer aus Cj0951c und Cj0952c) in sechs Gruppen unterteilt. Zur Konkretisierung dieser bestehenden Gruppendefinitionen und zur Identifikation der Gruppen mit dem höchsten gesundheitsgefährdenden Potential wurden dieselben 266 Isolate nun weiter charakterisiert. Vor allem die genetischen Marker cj1321-1326; fucP; cj0178 und cj0755 sind weitestgehend miteinander assoziiert und splitten die Testpopulation in 2 Haupt- und 7 Untergruppen und bestätigen damit die alte Gruppendefinition. Abgesehen vom Virulenz-assoziierten Marker pldA zeigen alle ermittelten genetischen Marker signifikante Unterschiede unter den verschiedenen MLST-Sequenztypen. Basierend auf den Daten der Arbeit konnte ein Biotyp von C. jejuni-Isolaten, der durch die Präsenz von ansB, dmsA, ggt und die Absenz von cj1321-1326; fucP; cj0178, cj0755, cj1365c, cj1585c sowie cstII/cstIII charakterisiert ist, bestimmt werden. Isolate dieser Gruppe gehören hauptsächlich den MLST-CC 22, 42, 45, 283 an und sind eher an eine Persistenz in der Umwelt-adaptiert. Zum Wachstum nutzen die Stämme dieser Gruppe einen erweiterten Aminosäurestoffwechsel sowie einen alternativen anaeroben Stoffwechselweg (dmsA- positiv). Hingegen kann aufgrund des fehlenden fucP keine L-Fucose verstoffwechselt werden. Außerdem sind die Stämme dieser Gruppe toleranter gegen oxidativen Stress und besser frostbeständig. Die jahreszeitliche Prävalenz ist am stärksten im Frühsommer. Dieser Umwelt- aber schlechter Wirts-adaptierte Biotyp wird mit mehr Campylobacteriosen beim Menschen in Verbindung gebracht, ist häufiger mit blutigen Stühlen und Hospitalisierungen assoziiert und ist somit hochgradiger virulent für den Menschen. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die zweite Hauptgruppe stärker an tierische Wirte, insbesondere Säuger, adaptiert und in der Lage, L-Fucose aus Mucosa oder Milch zu metabolisieren. Isolate dieses Biotyps tolerieren für C. jejuni extreme Temperaturen besser und zeigen eine relativ gleichmäßige Prävalenz im Jahresverlauf. Alle fünf bekannten C. jejuni-Eisentransportsysteme sind detektierbar, ebenso die Marker cj1321-1326, cj1365c, cj1585c und cstII und/oder cstIII. Die vorherrschenden MLST-CC sind CC 21, 48, 61 und 20. Dieser besser Wirts-adaptierte Biotyp wird mit weniger schweren Campylobacteriosen in Zusammenhang gebracht. Alle anderen Gruppen stellen einen sukzessiven evolutionären Übergang an Markergen-Kombinationen zwischen diesen beiden Hauptgruppen dar.

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the Western world. It shows a high degree of genetic and phenotypic complexity with many implicated factors, various disease manifestations but few clear causal links. Ongoing research has identified a growing number of molecular alterations linked to the disease. Dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, specifically their synapses, are the key-affected region in PD. Therefore, this work focuses on understanding the disease effects on the synapse, aiming to identify potential genetic triggers and synaptic PD associated mechanisms. Currently, one of the main challenges in this area is data quality and accessibility. In order to study PD, publicly available data were systematically retrieved and analysed. 418 PD associated genes could be identified, based on mutations and curated annotations. I curated an up-to-date and complete synaptic proteome map containing a total of 6,706 proteins. Region specific datasets describing the presynapse, postsynapse and synaptosome were also delimited. These datasets were analysed, investigating similarities and differences, including reproducibility and functional interpretations. The use of Protein-Protein-Interaction Network (PPIN) analysis was chosen to gain deeper knowledge regarding specific effects of PD on the synapse. Thus I generated a customised, filtered, human specific Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) dataset, containing 211,824 direct interactions, from four public databases. Proteomics data and PPI information allowed the construction of PPINs. These were analysed and a set of low level statistics, including modularity, clustering coefficient and node degree, explaining the network’s topology from a mathematical point of view were obtained. Apart from low-level network statistics, high-level topology of the PPINs was studied. To identify functional network subgroups, different clustering algorithms were investigated. In the context of biological networks, the underlying hypothesis is that proteins in a structural community are more likely to share common functions. Therefore I attempted to identify PD enriched communities of synaptic proteins. Once identified, they were compared amongst each other. Three community clusters could be identified as containing largely overlapping gene sets. These contain 24 PD associated genes. Apart from the known disease associated genes in these communities, a total of 322 genes was identified. Each of the three clusters is specifically enriched for specific biological processes and cellular components, which include neurotransmitter secretion, positive regulation of synapse assembly, pre- and post-synaptic membrane, scaffolding proteins, neuromuscular junction development and complement activation (classical pathway) amongst others. The presented approach combined a curated set of PD associated genes, filtered PPI information and synaptic proteomes. Various small- and large-scale analytical approaches, including PPIN topology analysis, clustering algorithms and enrichment studies identified highly PD affected synaptic proteins and subregions. Specific disease associated functions confirmed known research insights and allowed me to propose a new list of so far unknown potential disease associated genes. Due to the open design, this approach can be used to answer similar research questions regarding other complex diseases amongst others.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, para o Brasil, Nordeste e Sudeste, os determinantes da desigualdade salarial das pessoas ocupadas em trÃs setores da economia: AgrÃcola, IndÃstria e ServiÃos. No presente estudo foram consideradas as principais fontes de geraÃÃo e reproduÃÃo de desigualdade no mercado de trabalho: heterogeneidade dos trabalhadores, segmentaÃÃo e discriminaÃÃo. Os dados utilizados foram os microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de DomicÃlios (PNAD) nos anos 2004 e 2013. Para tanto, foi utilizado o mÃtodo de Cowell e Fiorio (2011) que une a decomposiÃÃo por fatores, jà abordada por Shorrocks (1982) e Fields (2003), com uma decomposiÃÃo por subgrupos. Os resultados mostraram que a contribuiÃÃo da educaÃÃo para a desigualdade nÃo ocorre de maneira uniforme entre os setores e entre as regiÃes. Na atividade agrÃcola nordestina e brasileira, o mercado de trabalho tende a gerar desigualdades com mais intensidade do que reproduzir, jà que a variÃvel formalidade foi a que mais explicou a desigualdade dentro deste setor, enquanto que nos ServiÃos e na IndÃstria, a educaÃÃo se mostrou mais importante do que as variÃveis ligadas à segmentaÃÃo e discriminaÃÃo do mercado de trabalho. No Sudeste, a educaÃÃo desempenhou um papel mais homogÃneo, sendo o fator que mais contribuiu para a desigualdade nas trÃs atividades econÃmicas. / This paper aims to analyze, to Brazil, Northeast and Southeast, the determinants of wage inequality of employed people in three sectors of the economy: Agriculture, Industry and Services. The current study considered the main sources of generation and reproduction of inequality in the labor market heterogeneity of workers, segmentation and discrimination. The database used was the data from the National Survey for Domicile Sample (PNAD) in 2004 and 2013. For this purpose, it was used the method of Cowell and Fiorio (2011) which joins the decomposition by factors, already discussed by Shorrocks (1982 ) and Fields (2003), with the decomposition by subgroups. The results showed that the contribution of education to inequality does not occur heterogeneously between sectors and regions. In the Northeastern and Brazilian agricultural activity, the labor market tends to generate inequalities with more intensity than reproduce, as the variable formality was the one that best explained the inequality within the agricultural sector, while in the Services and Industry, the education was more important than the variables linked to segmentation and discrimination in the labor market. In the Southeast, education plays a more homogeneous role, being the primary contributor to the inequality of the three economic activities.

The main topic of this degree project is the analysis of the general public’s perceptions on six different types of cyberattacks and their security measures taken against these cyberattacks. One of the goals of this degree project was to investigate if the perceptions of the cyberattacks were accurate and if lower educated people have different perceptions from higher educated people. While there may be plenty of research about cybersecurity and cyberattacks in general, there is little research in regards to the general public’s perceptions on different types of cyberattacks, especially regarding an international demographic. This degree project can help strengthen cybersecurity on different computer systems by analysing how people from an international demographic perceive these six different cyberattacks and how they counteract these cyberattacks. In order to collect data from international respondents, online surveys were used. Multiple websites were used to send the survey, with the main website being SurveySwap. The analysis contains comparisons between facts found in literature and perceptions of respondents and more. Two-sample t-tests and chi-squared tests were used to compare perceptions between lower educated people and higher educated people. According to the results, respondents in general seemed to have good understanding of some cyberattacks. However there were also some cyberattacks that the respondents in general did not have good understanding of. The results also indicated that there was probably no difference between perceptions from the lower educated respondents and higher educated respondents. The results of this degree project can be used in similar research to further investigate the perceptions among the general public of different cyberattacks. / Ämnet för denna examensarbete är analysen av allmänhetens uppfattningar omsex olika typer av cyberattacker och allmänhetens säkerhetsåtgärder vidtagnamot dessa cyberattacker. Ett av målen med denna examensarbete var attundersöka om uppfattningarna om cyberattackerna var korrekta och om lågutbildademänniskor har andra uppfattningar om cyberattackerna än högutbildade människor.Även om det kan finnas mycket forskning om cybersäkerhet och cyberattackeri allmänhet, finns det liten forskning om allmänhetens uppfattningar om olikatyper av cyberattacker, särskilt när det gäller en internationell demografi.Denna examensarbete kan hjälpa till att förstärka cybersäkerheten genom attanalysera hur demografisk internationella människor uppfattar dessa sex olikacyberattacker och hur de motverkar dessa cyberattacker.För att samla in data från internationella respondenter användes enkäter iInternet. Flera webbplatser användes för att skicka enkäten, huvudwebbplatsenvar SurveySwap. Analysen innehåller jämförelser mellan fakta som finns ilitteratur och uppfattningar från respondenter med mera. T-tester och chitvå-tester användes för att jämföra uppfattningar mellan lågutbildade ochhögutbildade människor.Enligt resultaten verkade respondenterna i allmänhet ha god förståelse förvissa typer av cyberattacker. Däremot hade respondenterna i allmänhet svagareförståelse för vissa andra typer av cyberattacker. Resultaten tydde också på attdet sannolikt inte fanns någon skillnad mellan uppfattningar om cyberattackermellan lågutbildade respondenter och högutbildade respondenter. Resultatenav denna examensarbete kan användas i liknande forskning för att ytterligareundersöka hur allmänheten uppfattar olika cyberattacker

Seja $B_mM$ o grupo de tranças com $m$ cordas sobre uma superfície $M$ e seja $N$ uma subsuperfície de $M$. Estudaremos inicialmente condições necessárias e suficientes para as quais $B_nN$ é um subgrupo de $B_mM$ ($m$ podendo ser diferente de $n$), isto é, se considerarmos a inclusão $i\\colon N \\to M$, queremos estabelecer condições sobre $M$ e $N$ para que a aplicação induzida $i_\\ast \\colon B_nN \\to B_mM$ seja injetora. Em seguida, sob certas hipóteses para $N$ e $M$ calcularemos o comensurador, normalizador e centralizador de $B_nN$ em $B_mM$, sendo esse o objetivo principal desta dissertação. / Let $B_m(M)$ be the braid group with $m$ strings on a surface $M$ and let $N$ be a subsurface of $M$. We will study the necessary and sufficient conditions out of which $B_n(N)$ is a subgroup of $B_m(M)$ ($m$ can be different of $n$), it means, if we consider the inclusion $i \\colon N \\to M$, we would like to establish conditions for $M$ and $N$ for the induced application $i_\\ast \\colon B_nN \\to B_mM$ should be injective. After that, under some certain conditions for $M$ and $N$ we will calculate the commensurator, normalizer and centralizer of $Bn(N)$ in $Bm(M)$, being this one the principal objective of this work.

The rising global temperatures are a consequence of the increasing concentrations of the greenhouse gases (GHG) in our atmosphere. This unprecedented yet steady increase in GHG concentrations has led to an increase in the incidence of adverse high-temperature weather phenomena. The aim of this study was to perform a detailed and systematic literature review to study the global dynamic between elevated ambient Page 28 2016 Appalachian Student Research Forum temperatures and heat-related mortality. The review also aimed at exploring the effect of pollutants as possible confounders, to identify vulnerable populations and to study population adaptations to heat that might mitigate heat-related mortality in urban settings. The review was performed exclusively on PubMed. Only epidemiological studies were selected. A time constraint ranging from 2009 to 2015 was applied to the review findings. Only peer-reviewed journals published in the English language were included. The following key terms were used for heat-related mortality associations - heat, high temperature and mortality. Additional keywords were used for the confounders, vulnerable populations and adaptations sections, such as “ozone”, “vulnerable subgroups” or “adaptations”. Studies reporting data on cold effects were excluded from the review. The search resulted in a total of 83 studies, which were included in the review based on the selection criteria. These studies were categorized and presented in four sections - heatmortality associations, effects of pollutants as confounders, vulnerable populations and adaptations. It was found that elevated ambient temperature was associated with high mortality. Additionally, risks of mortality were found to be higher for certain populations, particularly the elderly (65 years or older), infants and the socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. In conclusion, the heat-associated risks of mortality have increased with the escalating climate-change scenario. However, it is important to note that these risks are dependent on factors such as geographical location, socioeconomic status, age, and occupational status. Adaptations to heat are possible in the form of increased use of air-conditioning and promotion of “green” living spaces.

Uppsatsens övergripande syfte var att undersöka profiler av samsjuklighet mellan depressiva symtom och olika undergrupper av social ångest hos unga vuxna (20-24 år) samt dess samband med livstillfredsställelse och upplevd social funktionsnedsättning inom yrkesliv/studier respektive sociala aktiviteter. Data har inhämtats via självskattningsformulär. Resultaten analyserades genom en klusteranalys. Två profiler med samsjuklighet mellan undergrupper av social ångest och depressiva symtom framkom. Denna samsjuklighet verkar vara relaterad till både en lägre grad av upplevd livstillfredsställelse samt till funktionsnedsättning inom två domäner, yrkesliv/studier och sociala aktiviteter. / The main purpose of this thesis was to investigate profiles of comorbidity between depressive symptoms and different subgroups of social anxiety in young adults (20-24 years) and its relationship to life satisfaction and social dysfunction within the domains occupation/education and social activities. The data used was gathered through questionnaires. The results were analyzed with cluster analysis.  Two profiles with comorbidity between subgroups of social anxiety and depressive symptoms were found. This comorbidity seems to be related to a lower level of experienced life satisfaction and to dysfunction within two domains, occupation/education and social activities.