Bakgrund Suicid är ett folkhälsoproblem som förbises av samhället. Suicid står för 25% av dödsorsakerna bland ungdomar. Män begår oftast suicid medan kvinnor främst begår suicidförsök. Ett suicidalt beteende påverkas av flera olika faktorer, såsom tidigare suicidförsök, psykiska sjukdomar, alkohol eller droger, negativa traumatiska livshändelser, ärftliga faktorer och/eller tillgång till suicidala medel. Det ultimata är att förebygga suicid, inte endast vårda och ingripa när det redan hänt. Syfte Studiens syfte var att belysa patienters upplevelser i samband med vård efter ett suicidförsök. Metod Studien är en litteraturbaserad studie med tyngdpunkt i självupplevda berättelser. För dataanalys har en modifierad kvalitativ innehållsanalys använts. Resultat Individernas skildringar resulterade i tre teman; Lidande, Bemötande och vård samt Vårdmiljö. Lidandet utgjorde en central del i de egenupplevda berättelserna, och var kopplade både till individerna själva och till vården. Bemötandet och vården var i många fall bristfällig, då den inte såg till deras behov, och vårdmiljön ansågs ofta som ogynnsam för tillfrisknandet. Slutsats Suicid är ett komplext problem, vilket gör att vården av suicidala patienter blir komplex. Lidandet är en central del hos suicidala patienter. Genom ett holistiskt perspektiv och ett sympatiskt bemötande kan vårdpersonalen minska lidande hos denna patientgrupp. Klinisk betydelse Hälso- och sjukvården har en betydande roll vid vård av suicidala patienter. Den här studien visar att sjukvården behöver ha ett mer holistiskt perspektiv vid vård av suicidala personer. Ett patientperspektiv kan öka förståelsen för dessa personers lidande och upplevelser av vården i samband med ett suicidförsök. / Background Suicide is a public health problem that is often ignored by society. Suicide stands for 25% of the cause of deaths among adolescents and young adults. Males tend to commit suicide whereas females mainly commit suicide attempts. A suicidal behavior is influenced by several factors, like previous attempts, mental illness, alcohol or drugs, negative traumatic occurrences in life, hereditary factors or access to suicidal implements. The most ultimate is to prevent suicide, and not only nurse and intervene when it has already happened. Aim The aim of this study was to illuminate patient experiences connected to health care after a suicide attempt. Method This study is a literature based study, with literature emphasized in self-experienced stories. A modified qualitative content analysis has been used to analyze data. Findings The stories resulted in three themes, Suffering, Treatment and nursing and Health care environment. Suffering was a central part in their stories and was connected to the individuals themselves and to the health care. The treatment and nursing was defective in many cases, because it did not see to their needs, the health care environment was often considered as having an unhealthy impact to recovering. Conclusion Nursing of suicidal patients is a complex problem. Suffering is a fundamental part among suicidal patients. Through a holistic perspective and a sympathetic treatment nursing staff may reduce these patients' suffering. Clinical value Health care has a significant part in nursing suicidal patients. This study shows that health care needs to have a more holistic perspective in the care of suicidal patients. A patient perspective may enhance the understanding for these patients' suffering and experiences connected to a suicide attempt.

Suicidality rates are far higher among gender minority individuals than in the general population. This study sought to determine if intersecting identities and social support play a role in these rates. There were no differences in suicidality among gender minorities with an intersecting sexual minority identity. For intersecting racial/ethnic identities, it was found that White individuals were more likely to report past suicidal ideation than racial/ethnic minority individuals. Family support was independently associated with less suicidal ideation, whereas gender minority friend support was independently associated with an increase in suicidal ideation.

This study explores the accuracy of prevalence estimations for suicide attempts. Data came from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) Study, a prospective community study (mean follow-up period was 42 months) of 3,021 respondents aged 14 to 24 years at the outset of the study. Suicide attempters are at least 1.6 times more likely to drop out than subjects with no suicide attempts and suicidal ideas. A total of 8% of all suicide attempters answered in the negative the depression-related gate questions of all surveys. One-third of all baseline suicide attempters did not report their suicide attempt again at the four years later assessment. In particular, 80% of all nonreporters were female, and almost 60% were aged 14–17 at baseline.

ABSTRACT Background: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and a serious public health issue. A prior suicide attempt is therefor a significant risk factor for future suicide, which could be preventable with evidence-based interventions. Stigmatization surrounding mental health and suicide has led to many people that are thinking of suicide, or those who have attempted it, to not seek help. This increases the risk for future suicide attempts, and therefore the amount of deaths.    Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients experiences of support and care after a suicide attempt.    Method: A qualitative literature study where 14 articles were included from the databases PubMed and PsycInfo. The articles were quality reviewed using the SBU’s quality assessment template and were analyzed using the meta-synthesis method.    Result: Experiences of inadequate care were mostly based on insufficient knowledge, deficiencies in how patients were treated, stigmatization and fear, and bad quality of care. Experiences of good care were mostly based on patient centered care, a strong patient-personal relationship, good care meeting, and patient involvement. The patients emphasized the need to be heard and support from others in the same situation.    Conclusion:  Three main categories were identified that described how patients experienced support and care after a suicide attempt: experiences of inadequate care, experiences of good care, and favorable factors for good care. The results highlighted the need for more knowledge among nurses to ensure the best possible care for people who have gone through a suicide attempt.   Keywords: Nursing Care, Patient Experience, Suicide Attempt, Suicide Prevention. / SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: Suicid är en av de ledande dödsorsakerna i världen, och ett allvarligt folkhälsoproblem. Ett tidigare suicidförsök är en stor riskfaktor för senare suicid, vilket anses kunna förebyggas med evidensbaserade insatser. Stigmatisering kring psykisk ohälsa och suicid har lett till att många människor som tidigare begått suicidförsök eller har tankar om det, väljer att inte söka vård vilket ökar risken för fler suicidförsök och därmed dödsfall.  Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av stöd och vård efter suicidförsök.   Metod:  En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt där 14 artiklar inkluderades från databaserna PubMed och PsycInfo. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades med SBU:s kvalitetsgranskningsmall, och innehållet analyserades med hjälp av metasyntesen.    Resultat: Upplevelser av bristande vård grundade sig främst i otillräcklig kunskap och kompetens, brister i bemötande, stigmatisering och rädsla, samt brister avseende vårdkvalitet. Upplevelser av god vård grundade sig mycket i personcentrerad vård, god relation mellan patient och vårdpersonal, vårdpersonalens goda bemötande, samt delaktighet. Patienterna framhävde även behovet av att bli hörd och få stöd av andra i samma situation.    Slutsats:  Tre kategorier identifierades som beskrev hur patienter upplevde stöd och vård efter suicidförsök; upplevelser av bristande vård, upplevelser av god vård, och gynnsamma faktorer för god vård. Resultatet visade på att det krävs mer kunskap och kompetens hos sjuksköterskor för att bemötandet av patienter som genomgått ett suicidförsök ska bli så bra som möjligt.    Nyckelord: Bemötande, Patienters upplevelse, Suicidförsök, Suicidprevention, Omvårdnad.

Bakgrund: Suicid är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem hela världen över. Varje år dör 700 000 människor genom fullbordat suicid. I Sverige dör dagligen ca 4 människor genom suicid.   I WHO’s handlingsplan är målet att fram till 2030 att minska suicidantalet med en tredjedel och förebygga psykisk ohälsa. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva vårdpersonalens erfarenheter av att vårda patienter med suicidalt beteende. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på tio kvalitativa artiklar. Databassökning genomfördes i Cinahl, PubMed, PsykInfo och Scopus. Studier analyserades med hjälp av Fribergs femstegmodell. Resultat: Analysprocessen resulterade i 3 kategorier och 7 underkategorier. De tre kategorier var: Bristande organisation, känslomässiga reaktioner och attityder. Konklusion: Psykisk ohälsa är ett stigmatiserat ämne. Att vårda suicidala patienter kan vara psykiskt påfrestande för vårdpersonalen. Vårdpersonalen behöver mer kunskap inom det här ämnet för att kunna bedriva en säker och gynnsam vård som främjar hälsa för patienterna samt bidrar till att vårdkvalitén höjs. / Background: Suicide is a global public health problem worldwide. Every year 700,000 people die by completed suicide. In sweden, about 4 people die by suicide every day. In the WHO's action plan, the goal is to reduce the number of suicides by a third by 2030 and prevent mental illness. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the nursing stuff’s experiences of caring for patients with suicidal behavior. Methods: A literature study based on ten qualitative articles. Database search were conducted in Cinahl, PubMed, PsykInfo and Scopus. The articles were analyzed using Friberg’s five-step model. Results: The analysis process resulted in 3 categories and 7 subcategories. The four categories were: Lack of organization, emotional reactions and attitudes. Conclusion: Mental illness is a stigmatized subject. Caring for suicidal patients can be psychologically stressful for the nursing staff. The healthcare staff need more knowledge in this subject to be able to provide safe and beneficial care that promotes health for the patients and contributes to raising the quality of care.

No description available.

Suicide and suicidal attempts have increased over the years and the phenomenon is rapidly increasing countrywide. The rate in increase has not been happe•ning only internationally, but has unsettlingly noted to be rising in South Africa, too. Suicidal attempt has become one of the biggest social problems amongst the youths, and a problem that society has to grapple with. According to the media and statistics presented, the youth engage with destructive behavior and attempted suicide is rampant amongst Black adolescents. The young person imitates his peers and is constantly under pressure to do as the group does. Thus conformity and acceptance are the core words. The adolescent attempts suicide to solve problems. Various reasons are given for suicidal attempts and the youth names amongst others family problems, academic issues, relationship problems and so forth. In the attempt to take own life. different methods are used to commit suicide which range from overdosage, especially amongst females, to ingestion of harmful substances like bleach (clothes detergent) and hair products. Amongst males, more drastic actions in method of attempting suicide are used like hanging, gunshot and jumping from high places like bridges and buildings. There are also instances of self-inflicted burning (immolation) in some cases. Black youths have been found in recent years to engage in suicide and suicidal tendencies, whereas in previous years the tendency was almost non-existent. This calls for an investigation in Black adolescents' way of life and specifically in what their needs are. The latter is drawn from the profile presented; a task which was not easy as there exist little or no literature in this regard. This study should thus be seen as a precursor for further and more comprehensive and exclusive research especially on the social functioning of Blacks and their communities, in general. The results should be used to have sustainable school programmes aimed at the youth in general, but specifically those at risk and displaying destructive behaviour. / PhD (Social Work), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Suicide and suicidal attempts have increased over the years and the phenomenon is rapidly increasing countrywide. The rate in increase has not been happe•ning only internationally, but has unsettlingly noted to be rising in South Africa, too. Suicidal attempt has become one of the biggest social problems amongst the youths, and a problem that society has to grapple with. According to the media and statistics presented, the youth engage with destructive behavior and attempted suicide is rampant amongst Black adolescents. The young person imitates his peers and is constantly under pressure to do as the group does. Thus conformity and acceptance are the core words. The adolescent attempts suicide to solve problems. Various reasons are given for suicidal attempts and the youth names amongst others family problems, academic issues, relationship problems and so forth. In the attempt to take own life. different methods are used to commit suicide which range from overdosage, especially amongst females, to ingestion of harmful substances like bleach (clothes detergent) and hair products. Amongst males, more drastic actions in method of attempting suicide are used like hanging, gunshot and jumping from high places like bridges and buildings. There are also instances of self-inflicted burning (immolation) in some cases. Black youths have been found in recent years to engage in suicide and suicidal tendencies, whereas in previous years the tendency was almost non-existent. This calls for an investigation in Black adolescents' way of life and specifically in what their needs are. The latter is drawn from the profile presented; a task which was not easy as there exist little or no literature in this regard. This study should thus be seen as a precursor for further and more comprehensive and exclusive research especially on the social functioning of Blacks and their communities, in general. The results should be used to have sustainable school programmes aimed at the youth in general, but specifically those at risk and displaying destructive behaviour. / PhD (Social Work), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Se a criança é negligenciada ou passou por experiências traumáticas durante o processo de desenvolvimento, isso pode desencadear, além de sofrimento psíquico intenso nesta fase, predisposição para uma série de transtornos mentais e prejuízo ao funcionamento na vida adulta, inclusive levando a tentativa de suicídio. Objetivos: A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar a ocorrência de traumas infantis em adultos sobreviventes de suicídio atendidos no Hospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre no Rio Grande do Sul, além da ocorrência de perda de figura significativa na infância, presença de doença psiquiátrica atual, intensidade de sintomas depressivos, perda de pessoa significativa recente e apoio social em comparação a controles. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo de caso-controle (28 casos; 56 controles). O estudo foi realizado de 20 de agosto de 2015 a 21 de março de 2016, utilizando os seguintes instrumentos: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), e Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). Justificativa: A escolha do tema justificou-se pelo expressivo número de sujeitos que ingressam no referido hospital por tentativa de suicídio (TS), constituindo uma população em que o entendimento de fatores de risco pode auxiliar na identificação de diferentes fatores envolvidos neste fenômeno e na elaboração de estratégias de intervenção e prevenção. Resultados: A amostra examinada (n=84; 28 casos e 56 controles) demonstrou uma distribuição semelhante em relação ao gênero (M/F = 46,4%/53,6%) com uma idade média de 35,6 anos (DP=12,8). Através do instrumento CTQ foram avaliados os traumas na infância. Os grupos (caso x controle) apresentaram médias distintas nas variáveis abuso emocional (p<0,001), abuso físico (p<0,001), negligência emocional (p<0,001) e negligência física (p<0,001). Nos casos de tentativas de suicídio foi realizada uma análise através do BDI e MINI, onde 94,4% (n=17) tinham risco elevado de reincidência de uma nova tentativa e apresentavam Transtorno Depressivo Grave em comparação aos controles onde nenhum paciente apresentou risco de suicídio elevado e Transtorno Depressivo Grave (p <0,001) . Segundo a MOS, a contagem de um parente e/ou amigo a mais protege o risco de suicídio em 24%. Quando somados, a dimensão afetiva com a interação social, um ponto a mais protege em 70% (p<0,001). Ao relacionarmos a dimensão emocional com a dimensão informação, ficou em 63% (p<0,001). Conclusões: Os resultados do estudo apontaram uma importante associação entre traumas na infância e tentativa de suicídio na vida adulta, apontando por exemplo a importância da adoção de ações preventivas e terapêuticas relacionadas a maus-tratos durante o desenvolvimento infantil como fator importante na redução de risco para o suicídio. A rede de apoio possui importância no suporte social na vida de qualquer pessoa. Nesta pesquisa, os pacientes do grupo controle apresentaram mais suporte social, com maior probabilidade de serem mais ativos e interativos com o meio em que vivem. / If a child is neglected or experiences traumatic events during development, this can unleash—beyond the intense psychological suffering at the time—a predisposition for a number of mental disorders, up to and including suicide attempt, and impair functioning as an adult. Objectives: The present study sought to identify the incidence of childhood trauma as well as the loss of a loved one during childhood, the presence of current psychiatric illness, intensity of depression symptoms, recent loss of a loved one, and social support in comparison to controls in adult suicide attempt survivors treated at Hospital de Pronto Socorro in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: The study is considered a case-control study (28 cases, 56 controls). It took place from August 20th, 2015 to March 21st, 2016 and utilized the following instruments: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). Justification: The choice of topic was justified by the considerable number of subjects admitted to the hospital for suicide attempt (SA). The subjects constituted a population for which the understanding of risk factors could help in the identification of the various elements involved in this phenomenon and in the elaboration of intervention and prevention strategies. Results: The examined sample (n = 84; 28 cases and 56 controls) had an approximately equal gender distribution (M/F = 46.4%/53.6%) and a mean age of 35.6 years (SD = 12.8). Childhood trauma was evaluated via the CTQ instrument. The groups (case and control) presented distinct means in variables of emotional abuse (p < .001), physical abuse (p < .001), emotional neglect (p < .001), and physical neglect (p < .001). The suicide attempt cases were analyzed using the BDI and MINI, which indicated 94.4% (n = 17) had elevated risk of relapsing into another suicide attempt and presented Major Depressive Disorder relative to the controls, where no patient had an elevated risk of suicide attempt or Major Depressive Disorder (p < .001). According to MOS, having a close relative and/or friend offered the greatest protection against suicide risk in 25% of cases. When added, the affective and social interaction dimensions the protection is 70% (p < .001). By linking the dimension emotional with the informational, 63% is achieved (p < .001). Conclusions: The results of the study point to a strong relationship between childhood trauma and suicide attempt in adulthood, indicating, for example, the importance of the adoption of preventative and therapeutic actions related to mistreatment in childhood as a key factor in the reduction of suicide risk. The support network plays a critical role in the social well-being of any person. In this study, control group patients presented greater social support and were likelier to be more active and interactive in their communities.

Suicide is a major public health issue in the United States. Some studies show decreased suicide rates in religious populations, but it is unclear how religiosity might be linked to suicidal behavior of adolescents emerging into adulthood. To this point few studies have examined the relationship between adolescent suicidal ideation and several risk factors at once and the role of religiosity in these relationships. Drawing from Waves I-III of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health data from 1994 to 2002, I sought to explore the relationship between religiosity (i.e. religious affiliation, service attendance, prayer, perceived importance of religion) and suicidal ideation of adolescents over time. Additionally, associations between risk factors (i.e. poor parental relationship, low self-esteem, depressive symptoms, suicidal behavior of friends and family, drug use, alcohol use, aggressive behavior) and risk of suicidal ideation were assessed by simple logistic regression analyses. Multivariate analyses were then used to examine the relationships among the risk factors and suicidal ideation. In a second step of the multivariate analyses, religiosity was added to the model to test if there would be a change in the odds ratios. Results of the simple logistic regression indicated adolescents’ religiosity was negatively correlated with suicidal ideation, while the selected risk factors were positively correlated with suicidal ideation among adolescent participants. However, as participants became young adults, one religiosity measure (i.e. prayer) and one aggressive behavior measure (i.e. access to weapons) were no longer significantly related to their suicidal ideation. Also, females and Whites were more likely to report suicidal ideation than males or African Americans, respectively. In the multivariate models all the selected suicide risk factors were positively correlated with suicidal ideation. When religiosity was added to the model, it had a positive impact on aggressive behavior among older adolescents in Wave II (35% reduced risk) and drug use among younger adolescents in Wave I (14% reduced risk). Religiosity had marginal impact on the rest of the risk factors: 0.1% – 2.4% reduced risk in some and 0.2% – 1.6% increased risk in others in all 3 waves.