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Recruitment and retention of public child welfare workforce is in crisis due to turnover caused by 1) dissatisfaction with job; 2) excessive stress and burnout, including vicarious trauma; and 3) a lack of support from supervisors and organizations. No instrument was found to evaluate the impact of supervisory support and the use of organizational and professional strategies. The Supervisory and Organizational Support (SOS) survey instrument was created in response to the need for reliable and valid instruments to measure issues related to child welfare workforce turnover. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the SOS survey instrument and was designed to address the following research questions: 1) Does the instrument have demonstrated content validity? 2) Does the instrument have demonstrated construct validity as developed through factor analysis techniques? 3) Does the instrument have demonstrated reliability? 4) To what extent do the instrument and its' subscales correlate with measures of theoretically related and unrelated variables? The results of this study with a sample of 387 employees in 18 Virginia Department of Social Services agencies provide good beginning evidence of content, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity, and reliability of the SOS survey instrument. As such, the SOS survey can be used in studies of social services workforce turnover/ retention. However, to increase confidence in this recommendation, further research should address the implications and limitations of the current study and provide replication of the results with a different sample using confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, the SOS survey instrument may serve to assist in the evaluation of practice and policy efforts aimed at increasing worker retention. / Ph. D.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka a) om behovstillfredsställelse medierar relationen mellan ett autonomistödjande ledarskap och idrottslig utbrändhet hos unga elitsatsande lagidrottare b) om behovsfrustration medierar relationen mellan ett kontrollerande ledarskap och idrottslig utbrändhet hos unga elitsatsande lagidrottare. Studien har en kvantitativ longitudinell design och insamling av data skedde via digitala enkäter. Antalet deltagare som deltog vid båda mättillfällena inkluderades i studien, vilket var 71 idrottare. Samtliga deltagare utövade lagidrott och studerade på Nationellt godkända idrottsutbildningar. Baserat på tidigare forskning och Self-Determination Theory ställdes två hypoteser 1) behovstillfredsställelse medierar relationen mellan ett autonomistödjande ledarskap och idrottslig utbrändhet och 2) behovsfrustration medierar relationen mellan ett kontrollerande ledarskap och idrottslig utbrändhet. Hypoteserna bekräftades med hjälp av två genomförda medieringsanalyser. Resultatet stödjer tidigare forskning och teori, samt belyser vikten av ett autonomistödjande ledarskap för att genom behovstillfredsställelse kunna bidra till lägre nivåer av idrottslig utbrändhet. / The aim of the study was to investigate a) if basic need satisfaction mediates the relationship between autonomy-supportive leadership and athlete burnout in young elite team athletes, and b) if basic need thwarting mediates the relationship between controlling leadership and athlete burnout in young elite team athletes. The study used a quantitative longitudinal design and data collection took place via digital surveys. The number of participants who took part in both measurement occasions was included in the study, which was 71 athletes. All participants played team sports and studied at Nationally approved sport education. Based on previous research and Self-Determination Theory, two hypotheses were formulated 1) need satisfaction mediates the relationship between an autonomy-supportive leadership and athlete burnout and 2) need thwarting mediates the relationship between a controlling leadership and athlete burnout. The hypotheses were confirmed with the help of two conducted mediation analysis. The result supports previous research and theory and highlights the importance of an autonomy-supportive leadership in order to contribute to lower levels of athlete burnout through need satisfaction.

Les célibataires involontaires (Incel) sont une communauté d’hommes qui ont commencé à attirer une attention scientifique, avec des démonstrations empiriques de propos misogynes, et des théorisations émergentes d’un parallèle entre les situations d’incels et les violences sexuelles animées par griefs. La présente étude vise ainsi donc en premier lieu à examiner si effectivement un célibat involontaire est lié autant à la solitude (autant comme caractéristique d’un célibat involontaire, mais aussi comme antécédent fréquent de crimes sexuels) et des attitudes soutenant des agressions sexuelles, mais elle vise aussi à voir si une situation de célibat involontaire, la solitude et des cognitions soutenant les agressions sexuelles sont reliées à des comportements d’agressions sexuelles. Un questionnaire sollicitant des hommes adultes à la recherche d’une relation amoureuse (N = 814), certains d’entre eux (61.5%) s’identifiant comme incel, a été conduit en ligne. Les analyses ont montré que l’endossement d’idées incels, de cognitions soutenant les agressions sexuelles et la solitude étaient reliés à l’autodéclaration d’avoir commis une agression sexuelle par le passé, et que la solitude en plus de certaines cognitions soutenant les agressions sexuelles étaient associées avec l’inclinaison à commettre une agression sexuelle dans le futur, mais l’endossement d’idées incel n’était pas relié à l’inclinaison à commettre une agression sexuelle dans le futur. Ces conclusions suggèrent que des recherches subséquentes sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre la relation entre les situations de célibat involontaire et les violences sexuelles, et les implications que ceci aurait dans les secteurs d’intervention primaire, secondaire et tertiaire. / Involuntary celibates (Incels) are an online community of men that have begun to draw scientific attention, with some empirical demonstration of misogynistic views, and emerging theorization observing parallels between their situation and grievance-fueled sexual violence. The present study therefore firstly aimed to examine whether indeed inceldom is linked to both loneliness (as a hypothesized characteristic of inceldom as well as a frequent antecedent to sexual offending) and rape-supportive attitudes, and secondly, to see whether inceldom, loneliness and rape-supportive cognitions are related to behavioral outcomes of sexual aggression. A survey of adult men seeking romantic relationships (N = 814), some of whom (61.5%) identifying as incels, was conducted online. Regression analyses showed that regardless of incel self-identification the endorsement of incel ideas, rape-supportive cognitions and loneliness were related to self-disclosed previous sexual aggression, and that loneliness and some but not all rape-supportive cognitions were associated with inclination towards committing future sexual aggression, but endorsement of incel ideas was not related to inclination towards future sexual aggression. These findings suggest that further research is needed to better understand the relationship between inceldom and sexual violence and the implications that this would have for primary, secondary and tertiary interventions.

Under vintern 2019-2020 drabbades världen av en pandemi, covid-19. Under denna omvälvande period omstruktureras all sjukvård tillfälligt för att möta denna nya patientgrupp. Intensivvården drabbades särskilt hårt då de skulle omhänderta denna kritiskt sjuka och sårbara patientgrupp. För att kunna ge en god vård och avlasta intensivvårdspersonal infördes funktionen förstärkningsläkare. Dessa fick bland annat ansvar för att skriva dagbok till patienterna, en uppgift som vanligen utföres av sjuksköterskor och undersköterskor. Studien belyser förstärkningsläkarens upplevelse av att skriva dagbok till patienter som vårdas för covid-19 på intensivvårdsavdelning under pandemin. Studien är av kvalitativ design med induktiv ansats bestående av intervjuer, med resultat baserat på tematisk analys. I resultatet identifierades fem teman: att erbjuda en berättelse, samarbetets betydelse, erfarenhetens betydelse, ödmjukhet inför ansvaret och att göra gott. Resultatet visar att det kändes meningsfullt, värdefullt och ansvarsfullt att skapa ett sammanhang av intensivvårdstiden som utgick från patientens perspektiv och att använda ett förståeligt språk i skrivandet var viktigt. Det fanns en ambition och vilja hos förstärkningsläkarna att förmedla en berättelse, med syfte att göra gott genom att dagboken skulle komma patienter och närstående till nytta och på så sätt vara en hjälp i återhämtningen efter intensivvård. Brist på erfarenhet av uppgiften blev en utmaning, men genom interprofessionellt samarbete gavs möjlighet till avlastning, stöd och inspiration. Att skriva dagbok gav en känsla av uppskattning, reflektion och utveckling. Genom interprofessionellt samarbete kring uppgiften att skriva dagbok kan slutsatser dras att det kan komma patienter och närstående till nytta med en dagbok som skapar en helhet utifrån flera synvinklar. Genom att skriva dagbok sammanfattas dagen, vilket kan ge tid för eftertanke och reflektion. / During the winter of 2019-2020, the world was hit by a pandemic, the covid-19. During this upheaval period, many parts of the healthcare system was temporarily restructured to meet this new patient group. Intensive care was particularly affected as it was supposed to take care of this critically ill and vulnerable patient group. In order to be able to provide good care and relieve the intensive care staff, the function of supportive physician was introduced. Among other things, these were given responsibility for writing diaries for the patients. This is a task normally performed by intensive care nurses and assistant nurses. This study highlights the supportive physician's experience of writing a diary for patients treated for covid-19 in the intensive care unit during the pandemic. The study is done through qualitative design with an inductive approach consisting of interviews, with results based on thematic analysis. The results identified five themes: offering a story, the importance of collaboration, the importance of experience, humility in the face of responsibility and doing good. The result shows that it felt meaningful, valuable and responsible to create a context of the intensive care period that starting from the patient's perspective. To use comprehensible language in the writing was important. There was an ambition and desire on the part of the supportive physician to convey a story, with the aim of doing good by making the diary useful to patients and relatives and thus being a help in recovery after intensive care. Lack of experience with the task initially became a challenge, but interprofessional collaboration provided the opportunity for relief, support and inspiration. Journaling provided a sense of appreciation, reflection and development. Through interprofessional collaboration around the task of writing a diary, conclusions can be drawn that patients and relatives can benefit from a diary that creates a whole based on several points of view. By writing a diary, the day is summarized, which can give time for thought and reflection.

Bakgrund: Stödjande samtal är ett verktyg inom den psykiatriska heldygnsvården som används i behandlande och lindrande syfte med suicidnära patienter. Det konstateras att samtalet var specialistsjuksköterskans viktigaste verktyg inom psykiatrisk omvårdnad. Vid granskning inom ämnet kunde det fastställas att det fanns sparsamt med forskning gällande stödjande samtal med suicidnära patienter i psykiatrisk heldygnsvård i Sverige utifrån specialistsjuksköterskans perspektiv. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att belysa specialistsjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att genomföra stödjande samtal med suicidnära patienter som vårdas i psykiatrisk heldygnsvård. Metod: Studien tillämpar en kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats och baseras på åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer enligt Graneheims och Lundmans (2004) kvalitativa innehållsanalys. För att inkluderas i studien skulle specialistsjuksköterskan med inriktning psykiatrisk vård ha erfarenhet av stödjande samtal med suicidnära patienter inom psykiatrisk heldygnsvård. Verksamheter bestående av rättspsykiatri samt barn -och ungdomspsykiatri exkluderades ur studien. Resultat: Analysen av datainsamlingen presenterades med temat vikten av ett ömsesidigt möte i samtalet och kategorierna; att vara inkännande, att vara tillgänglig samt samspelets betydelse. Slutsats: För att uppnå möjlighet till ett ömsesidigt möte och ett vårdande stödjande samtal krävs att specialistsjuksköterskor har tid för att kunna bedriva en personcentrerad och patientsäker vård samt för att skapa allianser med patienter inom psykiatrisk heldygnsvård. Det stödjande samtalet styrs av specialistsjuksköterskors erfarenhet och intuition, vilket bidrar till att det stödjande samtalet blir olika för varje individ. Det stödjande samtalet inom psykiatrisk heldygnsvård drabbas om specialistsjuksköterskor inte har någon erfarenhet samt om personalbrist eller tidsbrist förekommer. / Background: Supportive conversations are a tool within the inpatient psychiatric care that is used for the treatment and relieving purpose of suicidal patients. It is established that dialogues were the specialist nurse's most important tool in psychiatric nursing. When examining the subject, it was determined that there was sparingly research regarding supportive conversations with suicidal patients in psychiatric inpatient care in Sweden from the specialist nurse's perspective.Aim: The aim of the study was to shed light on the psychiatric nurse's experiences of carrying out supportive conversations with suicidal patients who are cared for in psychiatric inpatient care. Method: The study applies a qualitative method with an inductive approach and is based on eight semi-structured interviews according to Graneheim and Lundman's (2004) qualitative content analysis. To be included in the study, the specialist nurse specializing in psychiatric care had to have experience of supportive conversations with suicidal patients in psychiatric inpatient care. Departments consisting of forensic psychiatry and child- and adolescent psychiatry were excluded from the study.Result: The analysis resulted in the theme of the importance of a mutual meeting in the conversation with the categories; to be empathetic, to be available and the importance of interaction.Conclusion: In order to achieve the opportunity for a mutual meeting and a caring supportive conversation, the psychiatry nurses must have time to be able to conduct person-centered and patient-safe care and to create alliances with patients in psychiatric inpatient care. The supportive conversation is guided by the psychiatry nurses experience and intuition, which contributes to the supportive conversation being individual. The supportive conversation within psychiatric inpatient care is affected if the psychiatry nurse has no experience and if there is a shortage of staff or a lack of time.

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The purpose of this study was to develop guidelines to enable the members of acne sufferers' support networks to become better sources of practical, emotional and social support. A literature study and an empirical investigation were done to investigate which factors could enable members of the acne sufferer’s support network to become better sources of support. A questionnaire was developed as an aid to identify the perceptions and emotions of acne sufferers, which was published on a website, (www.acnediaries.co.za) specifically designed for this purpose. Two semi-structured interviews with acne sufferers were also done to enrich the findings. Results of the study identified several guidelines for parents, teachers, siblings, friends and boyfriends or girlfriends of acne sufferers to enable them to give support to teenagers suffering from acne. / Further Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)