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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Female Former Child Soldiers Perception of Power : Females captured by the LRA's attitudes towards the people in power in the bush and its effects on them as women

Gustafsson, Ebba January 2023 (has links)
The research aims to understand how female former child soldiers describe the ones who had power over them in the bush of Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) to understand how patriarchal beliefs in a society affect vulnerable women. The researcher wishes to enhance the importance of working against patriarchal beliefs and stopping child abductions for the sake of young women’s empowerment. The impact of the deep-rooted problem of patriarchy should be researched concerning child soldiers since they are vulnerable and are also the future female population. How they get affected by power relations early in their lives should be examined since they are a part of the future which needs to be brought into empowerment and gender equality and not enhance the patriarchal beliefs. Therefore, the attitudes of former female child soldiers have been examined through a qualitative single case study to see how the gender gap and patriarchal beliefs mirror their experiences in the bush and could affect their empowerment. The patriarchal theory, feminist theory and empowerment theory will help analyze and discuss the findings of the data. The data was collected from stories of four female former child soldiers which were coded, memo written and interpreted. By doing this research the consequences of patriarchal beliefs are enhanced through how hidden parts of society are exposed to gender exploitation due to their vulnerability. The findings show that women’s attitudes towards the ones in power do affect to what extent they experience exploitation and gender-based violence. The result implies that women in developing patriarchal societies are having different attitudes towards empowerment. Ugandan society and other societies need help to transition out of patriarchal beliefs which could lead to potential peace and eventually develop a secure and equal society.
192

Social Entrepreneurship in the Favelas of Brazil: Challenges and Constraints

Rafid, Mohammed January 2023 (has links)
As global inequality reaches unprecedented levels, social entrepreneurship has emerged as a promising tool for addressing this and fighting some of the most challenging social issues of our time. This thesis seeks to dive into the specific challenges that social entrepreneurs encounter in low-income settings by conducting a case study in the favelas in Brazil, one of the world’s most widely recognized low-income areas. By conducting a comprehensive literature review, the thesis establishes a conceptual framework for the challenges facing social entrepreneurs in low-income settings. This is used to guide the analysis for the data collection in a deductive manner. Data is collected using semi-structured interviews with seven social entrepreneurs operating within the favelas. The findings reveal that the interviewed social entrepreneurs in the favelas face significant obstacles across five main areas: financial capital, legal and regulatory environment, infrastructure, human capital, and social capital. These challenges are consistent with the conceptual framework of challenges facing social entrepreneurs in low-income settings. / I takt med att den globala ojämlikheten når rekordnivåer har socialt entreprenörskap vuxit fram som ett lovande verktyg för att tackla några av vår tids mest utmanande samhällsfrågor. Denna avhandling syftar till att undersöka de specifika utmaningar som sociala entreprenörer möter i låginkomstmiljöer genom att genomföra en fältstudie i favelorna i Brasilien, ett av världens mest kända låginkomstområden. Genom att göra en omfattande litteraturgenomgång etablerar avhandlingen först ett konceptuellt ramverk för de utmaningar som sociala entreprenörer i låginkomstmiljöer står inför. Denna används senare för att vägleda analysen av datainsamlingen på ett deduktivt sätt. Data samlas in med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju sociala entreprenörer verksamma inom dessa områden. Resultaten visar att de intervjuade sociala entreprenörerna möter betydande hinder inom fem huvudområden: finansiellt kapital, lagar och regler, infrastruktur, humankapital och socialt kapital. Dessa utmaningar är i linje med det konceptuella ramverket för utmaningar som sociala entreprenörer står inför i låginkomstområden.
193

Interconnections between the CircularEconomy and the SustainableDevelopment Goals (SDGs), asystematic study

Houbeaut, Mélissandre January 2021 (has links)
2015 is a turning point in the common history where the 2030 Agenda has set 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to transform our world into a thriving and sustainable society in which humankind’s well-being is ensured while protecting the planet’s environmental boundaries. The same year, the European Commission adopted its first Circular Economy Action Plan with 54 actions to be implemented with a concise milestone: closing the loop. This inspiring concept of shifting to a Circular Economy (CE) in opposition to a linear economy is now gaining tremendous attention worldwide in the light of the emergency of redesigning our society to accelerate the journey towards a sustainable development. To successfully make this transition, a systemic change is required and it is a necessity to join forces to implement an extensive collaboration needed to align those two far reaching commitments. Thus, this study scrutinizes the interconnections between the CE targets and the SDGs targets using unique pairs of indicator time-series from 2000 to 2019 for 28 member states of the European Union (EU). The Global SDG Indicators Database and the Circular Economy Monitoring Framework of the European Commission were selected to perform this analysis. Firstly the correlations are disentangled into synergies for positive correlations and trade-offs for negative correlations using the Spearman’s rank correlation. Secondly this study aims at going further in the interpretation by examining causality in correlations found through a Transfer Entropy (TE) model measuring the power of coupling strength for two possible causal directions. This means that the directionality is assessed in a correlation by understanding which indicator in a pair is the cause and which is its effect. Hence a synergy could either be due to a positive impact of a CE target on a SDG target or to a SDG target that enhances a CE target. An analogous analysis is performed for a tradeoff. Broadly, the outcomes highlight a stronger causality in the interconnections in the direction CEtowards SDGs and overall the results show more positive interconnections with 22.43% of share than negative ones with 8.62% of share. The highest share of positive impacts of the CE on the SDGs isfound with SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) and SDG 15(Life on Land) while the highest share of negative impacts of the CE on the SDGs is found with SDG 2(Zero Hunger), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). Additionally, the study identifies various speeds of development between countries in the alignmentof their SDGs progress and CE implementation. United Kingdom, Spain and France gather the best results in term of positive interconnections while Italy, Latvia and Luxembourg appear to have the highest share of negative interconnections. To succeed in both commitments, identified synergiesshould be leveraged and trade-offs efficiently tackled. / År 2015 var en vändpunkt i den gemensamma historien när Agenda 2030 satte de 17 Globala Målenför hållbar utveckling (SDGs) som syftar till att omvandla vår värld till ett välmående och hållbartsamhälle där mänsklighetens välbefinnande säkerställs samtidigt som planetens miljögränserskyddas. Samma år antog den Europeiska Kommissionen sin första handlingsplan för cirkulärekonomi med 54 åtgärder som ska genomföras med en enda milstolpe: att sluta kretsloppet. Detta inspirerande koncept om att byta till en cirkulär ekonomi (CE) i stället för en linjär ekonomi får nu stor uppmärksamhet över hela världen i ljuset av det akuta behovet av att omforma vårt samhälle för att påskynda övergången till en hållbar utveckling. För att lyckas med denna övergång krävs en systemförändring och ett omfattande samarbete är nödvändigt för att sammanfoga dessa två omfattande åtaganden. Därmed undersöker denna studie kopplingarna mellan CE-målen och SDG delmålen med hjälp av unika par av indikatortidsserier från 2000 till 2019 för 28 medlemsstater av Europeiska Unionen (EU). ”The Global SDG Indicators Database” och ”The Circular EconomyMonitoring Framework” av den Europeiska Kommissionen valdes ut för denna analys. Först kopplas korrelationerna loss till synergier för positiva korrelationer och avvägningar för negativakorrelationer med hjälp av Spearmans rangkorrelationskoefficient. Vidare syftar denna studie till att gå längre i tolkningen genom att undersöka kausalitet i de korrelationer som hittades med hjälp aven Transfer Entropy (TE)-modell för att mäta kopplingsstyrkan för två möjliga kausala riktningar. Detta innebär att riktningen i en korrelation bedöms genom att förstå vilken indikator i paret som är orsaken och vilken som är verkan. En synergi kan alltså bero på en positiv inverkan av ett av CEmålen på ett av SDG-delmålen eller tvärtom. En likartad analys utförs för en avvägning. På det helataget visar resultaten på en starkare kausalitet i kopplingarna i riktning från CE-målen till SDGdelmålen, och överlag visar resultaten att det finns fler positiva sammankopplingar med 22.43% än negativa med 8.62%. Den högsta andelen av CE-målens positiva effekter på SDG-delmålen återfinnsför mål 7 (Hållbar Energi för Alla), mål 3 (God Hälsa och Välbefinnande) och mål 15 (Ekosystem ochBiologisk Mångfald) medan den högsta andelen negativa effekter på SDG-delmålen återfinns för mål2 (Ingen Hunger), mål 9 (Hållbar Industri, Innovationer och Infrastruktur) och mål 10 (Minskad Ojämlikhet). Dessutom identifierar studien olika utvecklingshastigheter mellan länderna när det gäller deras framsteg i SDG-delmålen och genomförandet av CE-målen. Storbritannien, Spanien och Frankrike har de bästa resultaten när det gäller positiva sammankopplingar medan Italien, Lettland och Luxemburg tycks ha den högsta andelen negativa sammankopplingar. För att lyckas med både SDG och CE bör identifierade synergieffekter utnyttjas och kompromisser hanteras effektivt.
194

Integrering av ekologiska aspekter vid produktutveckling av AI-baserade produkter / Integration of environmental aspects during the product development of AI-based products

MULK, MAISHA, SKÄRBO JONSSON, AMANDA January 2020 (has links)
Under det senaste decenniet har artificiell intelligens fått allt större uppmärksamhet. Företag väljer att implementera system med kognitiva egenskaper för att kunna reglera energianvändning och därmed reducera det ekologiska fotavtrycket. Fyra stora internationella företag har intervjuats för att undersöka hur AI i produkter påverkar det ekologiska fotavtrycket och hur integreringen av ekologiska faktorer tas i beaktande under produktutvecklingsprocessen. Utöver intervjustudien har en kvalitativ litteraturstudie genomförts för att både belysa hur företag arbetar kring ämnet men också för att återspegla olika synvinklar från olika forskare. Studien visar att respondenterna delar en likvärdig mening om att ekologisk hållbarhet innefattar tillvaratagandet av resurser över hela produktutvecklingsprocessen. Företagen tillämpar både linjära och cirkulära modeller för hållbarhet. Verktygen som används för att integrera ekologisk hållbarhet förhåller sig både storskaligt på hela produktionskedjan och småskaligt på specifika produktegenskaper. Det visar sig att metoderna inte är säregna för AI-baserade produkter utan snarare för ekologiskt hållbara produkter. Drivkrafterna till att implementera denna konstgjorda intelligens är att systemet möjliggör för hantering, sortering och utplockning av meningsfull data som används för att optimera produkter under längre användning. Dessutom kan produkter agera självorganiserat, självstyrt och vara fullt anpassningsbar vilken kan möjliggöra tjänstefiering. En förutsättning för att AI-baserade produkter ska bidra till reducering av det ekologiska fotavtrycket, jämfört med applikationer utan artificiell intelligens är integrering av den kognitiva beslutsfaktorn. Tillämpningen av AI-baserade produkter bygger främst på teknisk acceptans, att användaren tillåter systemet att ta beslut. / In the last decade, artificial intelligence has received increasing attention. Companies are choosing to implement systems with cognitive properties to be able to regulate energy use in order to reduce the environmental footprint. Four large international companies have been interviewed to explore how artificial intelligence in products affects the environmental footprint, and how integration of environmental factors is taken into account during the product development process. In addition to the interview study, a qualitative literature study was conducted to elucidate how companies work on the subject but also to reflect different viewpoints from different researchers. The study shows that the respondents share an equal opinion that environmental sustainability includes the utilization of resources throughout the product development process. The companies apply both linear and circular models for sustainability. The tools used to integrate environmental sustainability relate to large-scale operations throughout the production chain and small-scale to specific product traits. It turns out that the methods are not specific for AI-based products but rather to environmentally sustainable products. The driving forces in implementing artificial intelligence is that the system enables the managing, arranging and extraction of meaningful data that can be used to optimize products for longer use. In addition, products can act self-organizing, self-running and fully adapting which can enable the products being remotely. A prerequisite for AI-based products to contribute to reducing the environmental footprint, compared to applications without artificial intelligence, is the integration of the cognitive decision-making factor. The application of AI-based products is mainly based on technology acceptance, that the user allows the system to make decisions.
195

Techno-economic analysis of implementing energy-efficiency and alternative fuels in Indonesia using OSeMOSYS / Teknokonomisk analys av implementering av energieffektivitet och alternativa bränslen i Indonesien med OSeMOSYS

Gupta, Kushagra January 2020 (has links)
Indonesia’s energy demand has been growing rapidly driven by increasing population, urbanization, and rapid economic growth. With increasing energy demand, the emissions associated with the energy sector continue to increase. With the gradual increase in demand and dominant share of fossil fuels in the energy mix, implementing the energy efficiency measures is crucial for Indonesia to achieve its energy and climate goals. From the policy perspective, National Energy plan of Indonesia aims to achieve higher levels of energy efficiency to reduce the overall energy intensity. Indonesia also has commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and achieve SDG targets. This report reviews the current status of energy demand and energy efficiency in Indonesia and evaluates the potential of implementing energy efficiency measures and fuel switching options to achieve future low carbon energy future. Long term energy model of Indonesia is modelled using the open-source modelling tool OSeMOSYS. Different scenarios have been developed to investigate the outcome of implementing energy efficiency and fuel switching measures in the Residential, Commercial, and Transportation sectors. The results are presented in terms of reduction in total final energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and local air pollution. Cost-Benefit analysis of the applied measures present their financial feasibility. With the deployment of efficient appliances, up to 30% electricity savings can be achieved in the residential and commercial sector. Vehicle electrification can contribute towards reduction in annual energy use by 48% by the end of modelling period. Measures in the residential and commercial sector directly contribute towards emission reductions. Vehicle electrification does not show proportionate reduction in emissions compared to energy use reduction due to high carbon intensity of the electricity grid. However, significant reduction in local air pollutants can be achieved. Cost benefit analysis shows that deployment of efficient appliances is financially feasible with maximum 2 years of payback period. On the other hand, successful deployment of electric vehicles will require tangible support from government due to its high price premium compared to conventional vehicles. Energy efficiency measures and fuel switching also contribute substantially to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7.3. In conclusion, this study presents a set of technically and economically feasible energy system development options for Indonesia. From the modelling perspective, this study identifies ways to implement demand side management measures in the energy supply modelling system OSeMOSYS. / Indonesiens energibehov har ökat snabbt drivet av ökande befolkning, urbanisering och snabbekonomisk tillväxt. Med ökande energibehov fortsätter utsläppen i energisektorn att öka. Medden gradvisa ökningen i efterfrågan och den dominerande andelen fossila bränslen ienergimixen är genomförandet av energieffektivitetsåtgärderna avgörande för att Indonesienska uppnå sina energi- och klimatmål. Ur politiskt perspektiv syftar Indonesiens nationella energiplan till att uppnå högre nivåer av energieffektivitet för att minska den totala energiintensiteten. Indonesien har också åtaganden att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser och uppnå SDG-mål. Denna rapport granskar den aktuella statusen för efterfrågan på energi och energieffektivitet i Indonesien och utvärderar potentialen för att genomföra energieffektivitetsåtgärder och alternativ för bränsleomkoppling för att uppnå framtida energiförbrukning med låg koldioxid. Indonesiens långsiktiga energimodell modelleras med hjälp av open-sourcemodelleringsverktyget OSeMOSYS. Olika scenarier har utvecklats för att undersöka resultatet av genomförande av energieffektivitet och bränsleomkopplingsåtgärder inom bostads-, kommersiellt och transportsektorn. Resultaten presenteras i termer av minskning av den totalaslutliga energiförbrukningen, växthusgasutsläpp och lokal luftföroreningar. Kostnadsnyttoanalys av de tillämpade åtgärderna utgör deras ekonomiska genomförbarhet. Med användning av effektiva apparater kan upp till 30% elbesparing uppnås i bostads- och affärssektorn. Fordonselektrifiering kan bidra till minskning av den årliga energiförbrukningen med 48% i slutet av modelleringsperioden. Åtgärder inom bostads- och kommersiell sektor bidrar direkt till utsläppsminskningar. Fordonselektrifiering visar inte proportionell minskning av utsläpp jämfört med energiförbrukningen på grund av hög kolintensitet i elnätet. Emellertid kan en betydande minskning av lokala luftföroreningar uppnås. Kostnads för delningsanalys visar att distribution av effektiva apparater är ekonomiskt möjlig med maximalt 2 års återbetalningsperiod. Å andra sidan kommer framgångsrik distribution av elfordon att kräva konkret stöd från regeringen på grund av dess höga prispremie jämfört med konventionella fordon. Energi effektivitetsåtgärder och bränsleomkoppling bidrar också väsentligt till att uppnå mål för hållbar utveckling 7.3. Sammanfattningsvis presenterar denna studie en uppsättning tekniska och ekonomiskt genomförbara energisystemutvecklingsalternativ för Indonesien. Från modelleringsperspektivet identifierar denna studie sätt att implementera hanteringsåtgärder på efterfrågesidan i modelleringssystemet för energiförsörjning OSeMOSYS.
196

The Relationship between United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals and Swedish Banks’ Credit Rating of Manufacturing Customers / Förhållandet mellan FN:s 17 Hållbarhetsmål och Svenska Bankers Kreditvärdering för Kunder inom Tillverkningsindustrin

GUSTAFSSON, MARTIN, ZYTOMIERSKI, PATRIK January 2020 (has links)
The sustainable development of the section providing financing within Swedish banks are going through major challenges and changes. The United Nations is constantly working on improving sustainable directives within all industries to ultimately reach all 17 sustainable development goals that have been set up for a more sustainable world. Banks are in a unique position where they have a high indirect impact and influence over all other sectors and in relation all 17 sustainable development goals through their business. This can be seen in the two largest sectors within banking, investing and financing. While sustainable investing has been widely researched and developed, sustainable finance can still be considered in an early phase of development. By implementing sustainable factors to the credit management process of borrowers, banks can aid global sustainable development. This thesis has researched the relationship between United Nations’ 17 sustainable development goals and the credit rating of four Swedish commercial banks through. Special focus has been given to borrowers in the manufacturing industry. The results show that Swedish banks have initiated sustainable development within their credit rating analysis; however, they are still undergoing continuous improvements and additions. The process and extent of sustainable factors differentiates for all banks. Nonetheless, no bank has a special framework for measuring sustainable risk in the manufacturing industry. Because of the banks’ general process, this thesis concludes that there are no clear advantages nor disadvantages to being sustainable when applying for a loan from Swedish banks. Even though the banks argue that sustainability is both important and included in the credit rating process, the empirical data gathered suggests that the most important and significant factor remains how financially solvent a company is. / Hållbar utveckling av finansieringsavdelningen inom svenska banker genomgår stora utmaningar och förändringar. FN arbetar ständigt med att förbättra hållbara direktiv inom alla branscher för att i slutändan uppnå alla 17 mål för hållbar utveckling som har fastställts för en mer hållbar värld. Bankerna är i en unik position där de har en hög indirekt påverkan och inflytande över alla andra sektorer och i förhållande till alla 17 mål för hållbar utveckling genom sin verksamhet. Detta kan ses i de två största affärsenheterna inom bank, investeringar och finansiering. Även om hållbara investeringar har varit föremål för forskning och utvecklats i stor utsträckning, kan hållbar finansiering fortfarande sägas vara i en tidig utvecklingsfas. Genom att implementera hållbara faktorer i kredithanterings processen för låntagare kan banken hjälpa till global hållbar utveckling. Denna uppsats har undersökt förhållandet mellan FN:s 17 mål för hållbar utveckling och kreditbetyget för fyra svenska affärsbanker. Särskilt fokus har givits låntagare i tillverkningsindustrin. Resultaten visar att svenska banker har initierat en hållbar utveckling inom sin kreditprocess; emellertid genomgår processen fortfarande kontinuerliga förbättringar och tillägg. Processen och omfattningen av hållbara faktorer skiljer sig åt för alla banker. Ingen bank har dock en särskild rutin för att mäta hållbarhetsrisker i tillverkningsindustrin. På grund av bankernas allmänna process drar vi slutsatsen att det inte finns några tydliga fördelar eller nackdelar med att vara hållbara när de ansöker om ett lån från svenska banker. Även om bankerna hävdar att hållbarhet är både viktig och ingår i kreditprocessen, tyder vår undersökning på att den för företag viktigaste faktorn fortfarande är hur ekonomiskt stabilt ett företag är.
197

Measuring International Health Inequalities and Socioeconomic Status Using Household Survey Data / Measuring International Health Inequalities

Poirier, Mathieu J.P. January 2019 (has links)
McMaster University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (2019) Hamilton, Ontario (Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact) TITLE: Measuring International Health Inequalities and Socioeconomic Status Using Household Survey Data AUTHOR: Mathieu J.P. Poirier, B.Sc., M.P.H. (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Dr. Michel Grignon NUMBER OF PAGES: xii, 231 / The methods underlying the quantification of health inequalities have profound consequences for measuring progress in achieving health for all. In Chapter two, associations between household wealth indices, income, and consumption were systematically compiled and different methods of wealth index calculation were evaluated for appropriateness of use in a variety of settings. Researchers are presented with a synthesis of existing evidence about the appropriateness of use of wealth indices in urban and rural areas, their robustness to changes in the asset mix, future applications, and advantages and disadvantages of primary competing methods of quantifying SES using household survey data. In Chapter three, international microdata were analyzed to evaluate how magnitudes of health inequality are affected by different methods of quantifying household socioeconomic status (SES), including income, consumption, and asset wealth. In Chapter four, the need for a transnational approach to measuring health inequalities was justified and the new method was developed using an empirical example. Substantively, these chapters develop the most complete evaluation of the association between the asset wealth, consumption, and income using both critical interpretive synthesis and microdata analysis, as well as the first meta-analysis evaluating changes in health inequality magnitudes according to the SES measure used over time and across country-income levels. The transnational analysis of health inequalities uncovered previously hidden health disparities in the island of Hispaniola, and detailed instructions for all methodological aspects of the new method were presented. The distribution of disease between nations, subnational regions, and urban-rural areas in Hispaniola were analyzed from 1994 to 2013, and the first relative geospatial wealth ranking between Haiti and the Dominican Republic was presented. Global health researchers should strive to measure the equity of health between people, and this sometimes requires analyzing populations that are not neatly contained by national boundaries. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis investigates social inequalities in health and how to measure socioeconomic status (SES) using household surveys in a way that is robust across jurisdictions. It examines how wealth indices compare to income and consumption, and develops a new method to calculate transnational health inequalities. Chapter two conducts a comprehensive evaluation of evidence surrounding the use of wealth indices in urban and rural areas, robustness to changes in assets, future applications, and the advantages and disadvantages of the primary competing methods for quantifying household SES. The third chapter systematically evaluates how health inequality magnitudes evolve over time and across country-incomes according to SES measure. Finally, a transnational measurement of health inequalities was calculated for the island of Hispaniola in chapter four, uncovering the distribution of disease between nations, subnational regions, and urban-rural areas. Detailed instructions for all methodological aspects of the new transnational method are presented.
198

[en] PROPOSAL OF A SYSTEMIC CONCEPTUAL MODEL TO DEFINE A COUNTRY S AGENDA 2030: PRIORITIZATION OF GLOBAL TARGETS INTEGRATING MULTICRITERIA METHODS, STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, AND NETWORK THEORY / [pt] PROPOSTA DE UM MODELO CONCEITUAL SISTÊMICO PARA DEFINIÇÃO DA AGENDA 2030 DE UM PAÍS: PRIORIZAÇÃO DE METAS GLOBAIS INTEGRANDO MÉTODOS MULTICRITÉRIO, ANÁLISE ESTRUTURAL E TEORIA DE REDES

AGATHA LOPES TOMMASI OLIVEIRA 01 November 2018 (has links)
[pt] Uma questão fundamental na implementação da Agenda 2030 em nível nacional refere-se à análise das interrelações entre os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) e como suas respectivas metas interagem entre si. Diretamente ligadas a essa análise, surge outra questão de ordem metodológica, qual seja: como a integração de métodos multicritério de tomada de decisão, análise estrutural e teoria de redes poderá contribuir para que um país possa melhor definir que metas globais deverão ser incluídas na sua Agenda 2030, considerando-se aspectos críticos de seus contextos socioeconômico e político. Buscando responder essa questão, a presente dissertação tem por objetivo propor um modelo conceitual sistêmico para priorizar metas globais associadas aos ODS que irão compor a Agenda 2030 de um país, integrando-se métodos multicritério de apoio à decisão, análise estrutural e teoria de redes. A pesquisa pode ser considerada descritiva, metodológica e aplicada. Com base nos resultados da revisão bibliográfica e da análise documental de seus temas centrais e visando preencher as lacunas identificadas na literatura, desenvolveu-se um modelo conceitual sistêmico para priorizar as metas globais a serem incluídas na Agenda 2030 de um país. A aplicabilidade do modelo foi demonstrada mediante um experimento preliminar no contexto da Agenda 2030 brasileira. Acredita-se que o modelo conceitual resultante desta pesquisa possa ser replicado em outros contextos nacionais, particularmente em países que estão para definir as metas que integrarão suas respectivas Agendas para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. / [en] A fundamental question in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda at the national level is how the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their respective targets interact with each other. Directly linked to this concern, a methodological question arises – how can the integration of multicriteria decision making methods, structural analysis, and network theory contribute to a country to better define which global targets should be included in its 2030 Agenda, considering critical issues of its socio-economic and political contexts. With an attempt to answer this question, the dissertation aims to propose a systemic conceptual model to prioritize SDG s targets for a country s 2030 Agenda, by integrating multicriteria decision methods, structural analysis, and network theory. The research can be considered descriptive, methodological and applied. Based on the results of the bibliographic review and documentary analysis of its central themes, and seeking to fill the gaps identified in the specialized literature, a systemic conceptual model was developed for prioritizing global targets that should be included in a country s 2030 Agenda, considering critical issues of its socio-economic and political contexts. The model s applicability was demonstrated through a preliminary experiment concerning the definition of the Brazilian 2030 Agenda. It is believed that the conceptual model resulting from this research can be replicated in other national contexts, particularly in countries where the It is believed that the conceptual model resulting from this research can be replicated in other national contexts, particularly in those countries that are going to prioritize the targets that will integrate their respective Agendas for Sustainable Development.
199

Tung-fordonsindustrins hållbarhetskrav på leverantörer : - Med fokus på miljömässig hållbarhet

Shaba, Ninwe January 2024 (has links)
Antalet hållbarhetskrav ökar allt med tiden, vilket även gäller för fordonsindustrin. Tillverkarna förmedlar vidare de krav som ställs mot de till deras leverantörer i försörjningskedjan. Några av dessa krav är inte tillräckligt tydliga för leverantörerna, de vet inte vilka processer som ligger bakom dessa krav för att uppnå dem. Särskilt de aspekter som leverantörerna inte arbetat med tidigare och som är nya liksom miljömässig hållbarhet. Detta examensarbete syftar till att ta reda på vilka hållbarhetskrav - med fokus på miljömässig hållbarhet - som ställs mot leverantörer inom tung fordonsindustri. Frågeställningen som besvaras i detta arbete är följande: Vilka hållbarhetskrav har svenska tillverkare inom tung-fordonsindustrin på sina leverantörer i förhållande till miljömässig hållbarhet? Den metod som använts för att kunna besvara frågeställningen är en egen variant av abduktiv och deduktiv metod. Där har teorin utvecklats med tiden genom de dokument som mottagits från fallföretag och dess kunder, samt de semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomförts. Metoden har varit givande för analysen där alla former av data som samlats in - teori, dokument och intervju - sammankopplas genom de mest förekommande ämnena. Utifrån den givna informationen och analysen framkom resultat och slutsatser. De miljömässiga hållbarhetskraven som ställs mot leverantörer inom tung-fordonsindustri är följande: beräkning av CO2 utsläpp genom GHG-protocol, implementering av förnybar energi i verksamheten, samt välja CO2 snåla och återvinningsbara material. / The number of sustainability requirements are increasing over time, which also applies to the automotive industry. The manufacturers further convey the demands placed on them to their suppliers in the supply chain. Some of these requirements are not clear enough for the suppliers, they do not know what processes are behind these requirements to achieve them. Especially the aspects that the suppliers have not worked with before and which are new, such as environmental sustainability. This thesis aims to find out which sustainability requirements - with a focus on environmental sustainability - are placed on suppliers in the heavy vehicle industry. The question answered in this work is the following: Which sustainability requirements do Swedish manufacturers in the heavy vehicle industry have on their suppliers in relation to environmental sustainability? The method used to be able to answer the question is a variant of the abductive and deductive methods. There, the theory has been developed over time through the documents received from case companies and their customers, as well as the semi-structured interviews that have been conducted. The method has been fruitful for the analysis where all forms of data collected - theory, documents, and interviews - are connected through the most common topics. Based on the given information and analysis, results and conclusions emerged. The environmental sustainability requirements placed on suppliers in the heavy vehicle industry are as follows: calculation of CO2 emissions through the GHG protocol, implementation of renewable energy in the business, and choosing CO2-saving and recyclable materials.
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Climate Impact Resilience and Community Development : Adaptive Solutions and Challenges in Rural Southern Africa – Coastal Mozambique as an Example

Vincent, Judith January 2024 (has links)
Many African communities are significantly affected by climate change, despite being small contributors to the world's emissions. In Mozambique, the rural Southern region is more vulnerable to climate instability than other rural areas in the country. The purpose of this study is to look at factors that can be vital when deciding whether to stay or to migrate, such as resilience, social sustainability, and development opportunities and challenges. The data was collected through ethnographic fieldwork in a rural community on the Mozambican coast, with the villagers' perspective in the centre of what makes the place relevant to their daily lives. What makes the study village sustain and thrive are the development processes of weather-resistant buildings and developing ideas for more sufficient farming, health, and education. Even though some people migrate from the village to the cities, people often come back as challenges in the village are more familiar and simpler to deal with, development ideas represent a hopeful future for the village, and the villagers' want to live in their community simply because it is home.

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