The aim of this diploma thesis is a comparative analysis of the image of a forsaken child in the stories written by a popular English writer Neil Gaiman. The survey of a forsaken child in the Gothic, Romantic and Victorian literature (Walpole, Radcliffe, Blake, Dickens, the Brontë sisters) precedes the interpretation. In addition, this diploma thesis considers the separation of the young hero from his family and friends in traditional fairy tales. In this respect, the thesis discusses the role of transitional rituals and their links to the theme of the test in adventurous literature (Gennep, Bachtin). The first, theoretical chapters point out the fact that the transition to a new existence (adulthood) is often accompanied by horror elements or the nearness of death in the adventurous stories. The novel Coraline is a basis for the literary analysis. The psychological characteristic of the main heroine and her family is linked to the function of home and the role of "the other mother" as a source of the Gothic atmosphere and danger. The following chapters analyse other Gaiman's works ("M is for Magic", The Graveyard Book, Odd and the Frost Giants, Fortunately, the Milk, The Ocean at the End of the Zone) in order to study the relations between the reality and dreams, violence and interpersonal relationships, and to describe the heroes' search for the individual identity.

This study explores issues arising from the adoption of the term 'clean and green' for marketing New Zealand dairy products. Three dimensions of environmental quality were investigated: that of sustainable dairying and best practice for the benefit of farmers and the industry; resource management legislation and being a 'good neighbour'; and export marketing opportunities and issues. The study was undertaken during a time of major structural upheaval in the dairy industry, including yearly company amalgamations in the study area, rapid conversion of farmland to dairying, as well as factory expansion to process the increasing supply of product. The focus of the study was on the individual farmer, how perceptions and preferences are formed, and how in turn, these influence farm practice. World views drawn from Cultural Theory were adopted as the basis for analysis. Farmers were classified according to particular world views and the symbolic and reflexive use of concepts such as 'clean and green' was analysed. A model of overlapping ecological, agricultural and social systems was used to develop a wider understanding of preference formation. Through a mixed methodology, focusing on a case study approach, farmer and stakeholder world views were compared on key themes, including the 'clean green' pastoral myth, 'cues for care' and environmental issues. Media discourse as well as consumer views were used to expand understanding of the context. The study found that both farmers (within their groups) and stakeholders held different objectives and opinions on environmental issues and options for change, based on their various world views and preferences. There was general agreement both among farmers and stakeholders on the New Zealand 'clean green' image and 'cues for care', or signs that indicate good farm management. The reason for this was demonstrated to be the way in which these two aspects are communicated; through symbolic images that each individual perceived in terms of their respective world view. A symbolic form of action, an environmental management system, was trialled with farmers. Analysis indicated that national aspirations created by the 'clean green' pastoral myth required farmers to respond to environmental expectations, but that an image that symbolized environment as care and quality, rather than as place was needed to provide a less ambiguous goal. The findings of the trial were integrated with theory to interpret context and develop policy, strategy and action proposals for a system for environmental quality for the industry. The study has implications for non-regulatory mechanisms relevant to sustainable dairy farming, communication within the rural community, and branding.

<p>This assignment is a venture into the use of the concept alchemy in the texts on analytical psychology written by Carl G. Jung. Originally the idea was to compare the blending of colours in art painting with the Jungian understanding of alchemy. In order to understand the many and it seems differentiated correlations to alchemy in the texts on analytical psychology written by C.G. Jung, I have found it necessary to investigate the history of alchemy in modern Europe and the Egyptian figure of Hermes Trismegistos. This helps shedding light on Jung’s manner of writing in his texts on analytical psychology.</p><p>The assignment includes an understanding of colours as understood by Goethe as well as the aspect of alchemy in the Rosicrucian movement and the kabbalah. The Jungian aspects of world religions are in this context emphasized as well as the use of symbols and symbolic speech.</p>

This assignment is a venture into the use of the concept alchemy in the texts on analytical psychology written by Carl G. Jung. Originally the idea was to compare the blending of colours in art painting with the Jungian understanding of alchemy. In order to understand the many and it seems differentiated correlations to alchemy in the texts on analytical psychology written by C.G. Jung, I have found it necessary to investigate the history of alchemy in modern Europe and the Egyptian figure of Hermes Trismegistos. This helps shedding light on Jung’s manner of writing in his texts on analytical psychology. The assignment includes an understanding of colours as understood by Goethe as well as the aspect of alchemy in the Rosicrucian movement and the kabbalah. The Jungian aspects of world religions are in this context emphasized as well as the use of symbols and symbolic speech.

Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 1999. / Comprend des réf. bibliogr.

Στη μελέτη αυτή δεχόμεθα ως βασικές έννοιες την έννοια του συνόλου, την έννοια της συνάρτησης και την έννοια των φυσικών αριθμών. Ορίζουμε και αποδεικνύουμε ό,τι χρειάζεται από την θεωρία των συνόλων για να κατασκευάσουμε το σύστημα των ακεραίων αριθμών, το σύστημα των ρητών και τελικά το σύστημα των πραγματικών αριθμών. Σε όλα τα παραπάνω συστήματα ορίζεται η έννοια της διάταξης και αποδεικνύεται ότι το σύστημα των ρητών αριθμών είναι ένα Αρχιμήδειο σώμα που είναι πυκνό υποσύνολο του σώματος των πραγματικών αριθμών. Εν συνεχεία αποδεικνύονται οι χαρακτηριστικές ιδιότητες του σώματος των πραγματικών αριθμών, δηλαδή η ιδιότητα της πληρότητας (κάθε ακολουθία Cauchy συγκλίνει) και η ιδιότητα του άνω φράγματος (κάθε μή κενό υποσύνολο ,που είναι φραγμένο εκ των άνω, έχει ένα ελάχιστο άνω φράγμα (supremum). Όλα τα παραπάνω και πολλά σχετικά με αυτά περιέχονται στα κεφάλαια 1 ως και 7. Το κεφάλαιο 8 περιέχει μία συλλογή αποτελεσμάτων σχετικά με τους πληθικούς αριθμούς, οι οποίοι ορίζονται και μελετώνται στο κεφάλαιο 3. Πολλά από τα αποτελέσματα αυτά αφορούν στον πληθικό αριθμό των πραγματικών αριθμών. Στο κεφάλαιο 9 ορίζονται όλες οι έννοιες που χρειάζονται για να γίνουν κατανοητά τα αποτελέσματα σχετικά με την θεωρία των καλώς διατεταγμένων συνόλων και την θεωρία των διατακτικών αριθμών (ordinal numbers). Των κεφαλαίων 1, 2, 3 προτάσσεται ιστορικό σημείωμα που αφορά τις έννοιες που αναπτύσσονται σε αυτά. Ανάλογο ιστορικό σημείωμα προτάσσεται των υπολοίπων κεφαλαίων. / In this study, I acknowledge as basic meanings, the meaning of the set, the meaning of the function and the meaning of natural numbers. We define and prove whatever is needed from the theory of sets in order to construct the system of integral numbers, the system of rational numbers and ultimately the field of real numbers. In all the above systems the meaning of arrangement is defined and it is proven that the system of rational numbers is an Archimedean field which is a dense subset of the field of real numbers. Next, the characteristic properties of the field of real numbers are proven, i.e. the property of compactness (each sequence Cauchy converges)and the property of the upper bound (each non empty subset, which is bounded from above , has a minimum upper bound (supremum). All of the above and many other things related to this are contained in chapters 1 to 7. Chapter 8 contains a selection of results relating to cardinal numbers, which are defined and studied in chapter 3 Many of these results relate to cardinal number of reals numbers. In chapter 9, all the meanings which are needed in order for the results relating to the theory of the well-ordered sets and the theory of ordinal numbers, to become understood are included. Preceeding chapters 1, 2, 3 there is a historic note relating to the meanings which are developed in them. There is a corresponding historic note preceeding the rest of the chapters.

Les mouvements nationalistes flamands et québécois divergent en concernant leur structure; par exemple le nationalisme flamand s'est développé comme un mouvement chrétien-démocrate, alors que le nationalisme québécois contemporain s’est galvanisé autour d'une idéologie laïque de gauche. Par ailleurs, il existe un contraste entre les poids sociodémographique, politique et économique portés par la région de Flandres en Belgique, et ceux portés dans la province du Québec au Canada. Cependant, malgré les influences divergentes structurelles et systémiques, les mouvements nationalistes flamand et québécois ont développé et maintenu des profils très similaires. Par exemple, les deux mouvements nationalistes se définissent par une distinction ethnolinguistique, les deux ont un discours nationaliste parallèle axé sur la nécessité de préserver et de protéger la langue et la culture de la communauté nationale, et les deux se concentrent sur l'obtention d'une redistribution des pouvoirs culturels et politiques. Dans ce mémoire, nous proposons que le profil nationaliste ressemblant du mouvement nationaliste flamand et québécois puisse être expliqué par le développement d'un « nationalisme ethnolinguistique de contestation », qui était initialement mis en place par les nationalistes flamands et québécois cherchant à corriger les effets d'une « division culturelle du travail ». Ce sentiment d’un nationalisme de contestation ethnolinguistique est instrumentalisé et perpétué par les nationalistes flamands et québécois en évoquant certains « souvenirs partagés », qui sont trouvés dans le récit historique de la communauté nationale. Ces souvenirs partagés, ainsi que leurs représentations symboliques, reflètent les sentiments de protestation, injustice et victimisation, qui sont vitaux pour les nationalistes flamands et québécois dans le maintien de leur expression parallèlement à un nationalisme de contestation ethnolinguistique en Flandres et au Québec. / The Flemish and Québécois nationalist movements diverge in terms of their structural nature; for example, Flemish nationalism developed as a Christian democratic movement, whereas contemporary Québécois nationalism was galvanized around a secular-leftist ideology. There is also a significant contrast in the socio-demographic, economic, and political realities of Flanders in Belgium compared to those of Québec in Canada. However, despite the differing influences on the Flemish and Québécois nationalist movements, they have developed and maintained very similar nationalist profiles. Both nationalist movements are defined by a sense of ethno-linguistic distinctness, both have a paralleling nationalist discourse focused on the need to preserve and protect the language and culture of the national community, and both have been focused on obtaining a redistribution of cultural and political power through constructing an alternative political structure from that of the federal state. This thesis proposes that the mirroring nationalist profiles of the Flemish and Québécois nationalist movements can be traced to the development of a similar type of ethno-linguistic nationalism of protest, which was initially established by nationalists wanting to rectify the effects of a linguistically based ‘cultural division of labour’. As a means of instrumentalizing and perpetuating this sense of ethno-linguistic nationalism of protest, both Flemish and Québécois nationalists have relied on evocating and shaping key ‘shared memories’ found within the historical narrative of the national community. These shared memories, as well as their symbolic representations, reflect sentiments of struggle, injustice, and victimization, and have been vital for Flemish and Québécois nationalists in maintaining their paralleling expressions of an ethno-linguistic nationalism of protest in Flanders and in Québec.

This study examines the link between the individual and social network, what social forces and social mechanisms involved in the interaction between individuals and groups and how we can explain and consider this relationship with the aim of understanding this connection. Through qualitative interviews, based on interviews of six active members in the organization Young KRIS (Young Criminal’s Return in the Society) examines the active social processes that the young members undergo, and motivates those who have been outside the expected conformed and regular society, to be included in the regular community and how this can be explained. The study shows that the organization through high availability, openness, knowledge of the needs of young people, good treatment, range of meaningful activities, has created a great venue for the young to develop and thus regain their place in the society. / Denna studie undersöker kopplingen mellan individ och sociala nätverk, det vill säga vilka sociala krafter och sociala mekanismer är verksamma i mötet mellan individen och gruppen, och hur man kan förklara och se på denna relation med målet att förstå denna koppling. Genom den kvalitativa metoden, baserad på intervjuer av sex medlemmar inom organisationen Unga KRIS, undersöker vi de verksamma sociala processer unga medlemmar genomgår och som motiverar dem som har befunnit sig utanför det förväntade, konforma och reguljära samhället, att komma att inkluderas i det reguljära samhället och hur detta kan förklaras. Studien visar att organisationen genom hög tillgänglighet, öppenhet, kunskap om ungdomarnas behov, gott bemötande och utbud av meningsfulla aktiviteter, har skapat en trygg arena för att unga medlemmarna ska kunna utvecklas och därmed återfinna sin plats i samhället.

Idrottsarenor, och för denna uppsats del, ishockeyarenor, har med åren kommit att få större betydelse än bara den betydelsen den skapar för själva idrottsföreningen och laget som spelar där. Allt fler arenor har fått ett så kallat multi koncept och således blivit multi-arenor. Arenor som kan användas till en rad olika evenemang, som exempelvis ishockeymatcher, curling turneringar, konferenser, musikkonserter och andra typer av evenemang. I denna studie, med hjälp av tre studieobjekt, Läkerol arena i Gävle, Löfbergs arena i Karlstad och Cloetta Center i Linköping, avser författarna att belysa och bättre förstå fenomenet med multi-arenor. Främst utifrån vilken betydelse en sådan arena har för besöksnäringen i staden, hur arenan kan skapa nya evenemangsmöjligheter, om den förbättrar stadens image som helhet och om en sådan arena kan fungera som en symbol. För att bättre förstå detta fenomen kommer uppstasen ha ett producentperspektiv, det vill säga att uppsatsen kommer fokusera kring producenterna av arenan och turismnäringen i de aktuella städerna. Genom detta är de metoder som använts i denna studie främst kvalitativa intervjuer med producenter, det vill säga arenaansvariga och kommunföreträdare för besöksnäringen. Vidare har även en innehållsanalys av de aktuella städernas resebroschyrer gjorts, för att se hur arenan används i marknadsföringen och så har även de respektive länens regionala utvecklingsplaner studeras, för att se hur de avser använda sin multi-arena. Den vetenskapsteoretiska ansats som använts för detta är en socialkonstruktivistisk teori, med en hermeneutisk tolkningslära. Dem teorier som främst använts i denna uppstats, för att belysa problemområdet och besvara syftet, är teorier kring evenemang, sportevenemang, multi-arenor, evenemangsplanering, konkurrens, regional utveckling, imageskapande och symboler. Den empiriska insamlingen av data presenteras sedan i tre kapitel (5,6 och 7), där det första av dessa kapitel inriktas mot befintlig marknadsföring och planering, således data från resebroschyrer och regionala utvecklingsplaner, medan de två övriga empirikapitlen fokuserar kring dem intervjusvar som inkommit till denna studie, och har således större fokusering kring producenternas åsikter, förhoppningar och arbetsmetoder för att skapa en attraktionskraftig arena. Sedermera analyserars den insamlade datan mot de tidigare presenterade teorierna i kapitel 8, där även en viss diskussion förs kring de berörda områdena, för att sedermera komma fram till de mer avgränsade slutsatserna som denna studie mynnar ut i. Där de främsta slutsatserna är att de olika arenorna har bidragit till att skapa större evenemangsmöjligheter för de olika städerna, arenorna har även förbättrat städernas image, och kan också i vissa fall fungera som symboler för de olika städerna. Genom detta, möjliggörs det att konstatera att arenorna har haft en positiv inverkan på turismströmmarna till de olika städerna, dock är det fortfarande så att samtliga arenor fortfarande är av störst relevans för de respektive ishockeylagen som spelar där. Det finns också sociala skillnader mellan de tre städerna som medför vissa skillnader dem emellan, men de övergripande dragen är detsamma för samtliga tre studieobjekt. / Sports centers, and in the case of this study, ice hockey arenas, have begun to bear more meaning than just an arena for sporting events and for the local athletic association. More and more stadiums have been developed into so called multi-purpose stadiums, and that means that those stadiums can host more than one form or type of event, whether it is a concert, sports meet or a convention. This study focuses on three different multi-purpose stadiums in three different Swedish cities. These stadiums are Läkerol Arena in Gävle, Löfbergs Arena in Karlstad and Cloetta Center in Linköping. By studying these stadiums, the authors of this study want to examine the phenomenon with multi-purpose stadiums. The authors want to see how much a multi-purpose stadium of this sort affects the tourism in a city that has one such stadium, furthermore if said stadium can be able to create new possibilities for events, if the stadium improves the city’s image and if such a stadium can become a symbol for a city or region. To better understand this phenomenon, this study will follow the producers’ perspective, that is, focus on the different producers that help develop the arena, attract new events as well as the producers of the tourism industry in these cities. This paper will use methods for research that focus on qualitative interviews with different producers, that is, those in charge of the stadiums and those in charge for the tourism industry in each city. This study furthermore includes a content analysis of these different cities’ travel brochures, to see how the stadium is being branded in said brochures. In addition to the brochures, the regional development plans of Gävle, Karlstad and Linköping, have also been studied to see whether or not the stadium in each city is included in their plans for further development. The epistemological approach of this study is of a social-constructivist type with hermeneutic interpretation learning. The various theories used for this paper, help to illustrate the problem area and further answer the aim of this study. These theories have their roots in events, sporting events, multi-purpose stadiums, event planning, competition, regional development, image-making and symbolism. The empiric data is presented further through chapters 5 to 7, where the first of these chapters focuses on existing branding and planning, thus presenting the information gathered from brochures and regional development plans whereas the remaining two chapters present the information gathered from the interviews that where conducted during this study, and thus focus on the producers thoughts, hopes and work methods to create a highly attractive stadium. The last chapters consist of the analysis of the gathered empirical as well as the theoretical material, where a discussion is held about the affected fields, to come to conclusions that mark the ending of this study. The main conclusions being the contribution the various stadiums make towards broader event possibilities for the various cities as well as the improved images of said cities with the help of these multi-purpose stadiums and the symbolic value these stadiums have brought to the cities and regions they are built in. To conclude this, these stadiums have had a positive impact on the tourism flows within their cities. Although, one must remember that these stadiums are most relevant to the hockey teams that play in these stadiums. Furthermore, there are some social differences between the cities of Gävle, Karlstad and Linköping that differentiate these cities from one another, but the overall traits are still very similar between these three study objects.

This dissertation traces military integration in Europe from the 1940s to the early 2000s in order to reveal the growth of a common European defence identity. Four factors characterize its approach. First, European defence identity is analyzed in relation to the broader path of European integration and its historical context, showing connections with key turning points in European integration, with the evolution of Franco-German relations and European-American relations, with the Cold War and subsequent Collapse of Communism, etc. Second, the dissertation applies theories of identity formation to guide the historical analysis. This approach draws attention, for example, to the important roles that borders and symbols played in European defence identity formation. Third, the thesis adopts a hybrid “top-down” and “bottom-up” approach; one side considers formal programs, policies, and institutions that promoted a European defence identity, while the other takes stock of public perceptions, actions by “rank and file” soldiers, etc. This dual approach helps to reveal more fully the complex, negotiated character of European defence identity formation. Finally, this thesis traces the growth of a European defence identity as a path of ideological and emotional change, growing commitment, and trust-building that spanned decades.