<p>This essay describes the phases of funeral rituals between the Syrian/Assyrian, and compares the homeland with Sweden. It describes the stage of rituals according to Victor Turner schema of separation, margin or limin, and aggregation. The rituals religious significance agrees with Clifford Geertz’s theory about the importance of religious beliefs for the human being</p>

<p>The topic of this essay is the strategic importance of the <em>Golan Heights</em> during the period <em>1967-1973, </em>specifically targeting the following<em> </em>questions;</p><p>-          <em>Why were the heights strategically important</em>?</p><p>-          <em>What are the gains of either of the states in controlling the Golan Heights?</em></p><p>A theoretical framework based on Jerker Widén´s and Jan Ångström´s <em>Militärteorins grunder</em> (The fundamentals in Military Theory) and its chapter regarding the strategic context will be used as an analytical framework.</p><p>The framework has been applied on the specific conditions of the Golan Heights during a given and limited period of time; stretching from 1967 to 1973, however, the study will <em>not</em> deal with the <em>war of attrition</em> in 1970 as the impact on the Golan Heights and the surrounding geographical strategically important area was limited if at all. The two wars waged during this particular time are used in an attempt to give a somewhat objective picture of the strategic importance of the area.</p><p>The conclusions are that the importance of the Golan heights during the selected period was significant as the Golan Heights provided a “strategic lock” both ways and provides a favourable area to deploy artillery, intelligence and surveillance sensors.</p> / <p>Denna uppsats behandlar främst de grundläggande teorierna kring strategi applicerade på referensobjektet Golanhöjderna under åren 1967-1973.</p><p>Syftet är att svara på frågorna:</p><p><em>Varför var höjderna viktiga ur ett strategiskt perspektiv?</em></p><p><em>Vilka fördelar vinner endera</em> <em>staten på att besitta dem?</em></p><p>Tidsrymden har valts med tanke på att det är under denna tid som de häftigaste striderna ägde rum på detta specifika terrängavsnitt. Utnötningskriget 1970 berörs ej då det inte berörde terrängavsnittet. De parter som behandlas är Israel och Syrien då dessa gränsar till varandra runt Golanhöjderna.</p><p>De bägge parternas planer och mål under stridigheterna kommer att analyseras enligt en deskriptivt-analyserande metod och även till viss del jämföras vad avser deras avsikter och önskade slutläge.</p><p>Den teoretiska referensramen, vilken skall fungera som ett analysverktyg, består huvudsakligen av sex belysande aspekter som tillsammans kan beskriva den strategiska bilden, hämtade ur Jerker Widéns och Jan Ångströms bok <em>Militärteorins grunder</em>. Utöver dessa sex aspekter kommer även manöverkrig, linjaritet samt rysk krigskonst att beskrivas. Dessa operationaliseras sedan på referensobjektet och leder fram till en diskussion som sedan mynnar ut i ett antal slutsatser.</p><p>De slutsatser som har dragits är att Golanhöjderna har en strategisk vikt i området 1967-1973 då de fungerade som ett ”strategiskt lås” för bägge sidor samt att höjderna var värdefulla ur underrättelse-/spaningshänseende.</p>

Religion ist für viele Menschen ein wichtiger Bestandteil ihres Seins. Sie identifizieren und definieren sich über ihre Zugehörigkeit zu dieser. Jede konkurrierende Weltanschauung wird dabei meist als Bedrohung angesehen und mehr oder weniger stark in Wort, Schrift oder Tat bekämpft. Besonders die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Islam hat sich in den letzten Jahren drastisch verschärft und führt immer wieder zu heftigen verbalen oder gewalttätigen Angriffen. Das Ringen um Verständigung bzw. Abgrenzung und die damit verbundenen Konflikte und Diskussionen sind jedoch nicht neu, sondern ziehen sich wie ein roter Faden durch die Geschichte. Interessant aus heutiger Zeit ist deshalb die Erschließung der Anfangsdebatte am Entstehungsort des Islams. Auf welche Weise und mit welchen Mitteln setzten sich die unmittelbar von der arabischen Herrschaft betroffenen Christen mit der neuen Religion auseinander? Wie entwickelten sich die Argumentationsmuster in den Anfängen des Religionsdiskurses? Welche hauptsächlichen religiösen Unterschiede wurden wahrgenommen und thematisiert? Anhand einiger Texte des Johannes Damaskenos und des Theodor Abū Qurra soll diesen Fragen auf den Grund gegangen werden. / Religion is an important component of her being for many people. They identify and define themselves over her affiliation to this. Besides, every competing world view is mostly looked as a menace and is fought more or less strongly in word, writing or action. Particularly the discussion with Islam has drastically intensified during the last years and leads over and over again to fierce verbal or violent attacks. Nevertheless, the struggle around notification or demarcation and the conflicts linked with it and discussions are not new, but stretch like a red thread through the history. Therefore, interesting from today's time is the development of the beginning debate in the place of origin of Islam. In which manner and with which means did the Christians immediately affected by the Arabian rule argue with the new religion? How did the argumentation patterns develop in the beginnings of the religious discourse? Which principal religious differences were perceived and picked out as a central theme? With the help of some texts of Johannes Damaskenos and Theodor Abū Qurra should become to these questions on the reason gone.

This essay describes the phases of funeral rituals between the Syrian/Assyrian, and compares the homeland with Sweden. It describes the stage of rituals according to Victor Turner schema of separation, margin or limin, and aggregation. The rituals religious significance agrees with Clifford Geertz’s theory about the importance of religious beliefs for the human being

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The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood has since the start of the Syrian uprising in March 2011 moved from a low-key position in exile to become one of the main actors in the political opposition. There appears to be a consensus among researchers today on the democratic commitment of the Syrian Brotherhood. However, ambiguity remains regarding its commitment towards gender equality, women’s rights and participation. This essay focuses on the gender discourse of the Syrian Brotherhood’s leadership, according to its policy-documents, from 2004 – 2013. By applying a critical discourse analysis, a movement from a more Islamist, exclusionary discourse in 2004 towards a more inclusive, feminist inspired discourse in 2013 becomes apparent. Nonetheless, traditional gender roles linger and more Islamist and pan-Arab, pan-Islamic discourses are not distant features. The movement of the gender discourse towards greater inclusion confirms claims made by democratic theorists on inclusion and moderation.

Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur « La vie de couple : Étude comparative entre les couples syriens, français et franco-syriens ». Cette étude met en évidence l’importance d’une relation qui forme le coeur de la première cellule dans la société qui est la famille. C'est la première étude qui tente d’explorer ce sujet à fond. La thèse s'intéresse à l’analyse de la construction du couple dans deux sociétés et deux cultures (France-Syrie). Elle permet de mieux cerner le rôle de l’environnement social et familial dans la stabilité ou les difficultés que traversent parfois les couples. L’échantillon de la recherche est composé de 55 couples (110 sujets). Il est réparti en quatre groupes : 30 couples syriens vivant en Syrie, 13 couples syriens vivant en France, 7 couples franco-syriens vivant en France ainsi que 5 couples français vivant en France. Les outils de la recherche sont les entretiens semi-directifs, le questionnaire de l’entente conjugale et le T.A.T. Les résultats de cette étude sont que les variables étudiées démontrent une différence significative et importante entre les quatre groupes de l’échantillon de la recherche sauf pour deux variables : l’entente conjugale et les activités partagées dans le couple qui ne montrent pas de différence significative. En conclusion, cette étude contribue à déterminer les facteurs de la réussite du mariage, de convergence dans le couple, de la mésentente et les causes de tension et de conflit. Elle fournit des bases afin d’élaborer un programme de consultation visant à améliorer la relation au sein du couple. / This thesis focuses on « the life of couples: comparative study between Syrian couples, French and Franco-Syrian ». This study highlights relationship of the family which is considered as a crucial cell that builds society. This study is the first of its kind that attempts to explore this issue thoroughly. This thesis is interested in analyzing the structure of couples in two diffrent societies and two cultures in both Syria and France. This study focuses on the importance of the role of the family and social environment in either stability or instability cases and in the difficulties that couples are passing through sometimes. The research sample consists of 55 couples (110 sujets), which was divided into four groups as the following : 30 Syrian couples living in Syria, and 13 Syrian couples living in France, 7 Franco-Syrian couples living in France, and 5 French couples living in France. The reserch is based mainly on undirected interviews containing questions about couples life, marital understanding, and projective test TAT. Search results : The studied variables shows a quiet signifiant difference between the four groups in the sample, while there are two variables which are the marital understand and the joint activities between the couple that did not show any differences. In conclusion, this study helps in defining the marriage success factors in terms of matching and agreement between the couple and disagreement between them. Also defining the causes of tension and conflit and provides bases to develop a consultation program to improve the relationship between the couple.

The topic of this essay is the strategic importance of the Golan Heights during the period 1967-1973, specifically targeting the following questions; -          Why were the heights strategically important? -          What are the gains of either of the states in controlling the Golan Heights? A theoretical framework based on Jerker Widén´s and Jan Ångström´s Militärteorins grunder (The fundamentals in Military Theory) and its chapter regarding the strategic context will be used as an analytical framework. The framework has been applied on the specific conditions of the Golan Heights during a given and limited period of time; stretching from 1967 to 1973, however, the study will not deal with the war of attrition in 1970 as the impact on the Golan Heights and the surrounding geographical strategically important area was limited if at all. The two wars waged during this particular time are used in an attempt to give a somewhat objective picture of the strategic importance of the area. The conclusions are that the importance of the Golan heights during the selected period was significant as the Golan Heights provided a “strategic lock” both ways and provides a favourable area to deploy artillery, intelligence and surveillance sensors. / Denna uppsats behandlar främst de grundläggande teorierna kring strategi applicerade på referensobjektet Golanhöjderna under åren 1967-1973. Syftet är att svara på frågorna: Varför var höjderna viktiga ur ett strategiskt perspektiv? Vilka fördelar vinner endera staten på att besitta dem? Tidsrymden har valts med tanke på att det är under denna tid som de häftigaste striderna ägde rum på detta specifika terrängavsnitt. Utnötningskriget 1970 berörs ej då det inte berörde terrängavsnittet. De parter som behandlas är Israel och Syrien då dessa gränsar till varandra runt Golanhöjderna. De bägge parternas planer och mål under stridigheterna kommer att analyseras enligt en deskriptivt-analyserande metod och även till viss del jämföras vad avser deras avsikter och önskade slutläge. Den teoretiska referensramen, vilken skall fungera som ett analysverktyg, består huvudsakligen av sex belysande aspekter som tillsammans kan beskriva den strategiska bilden, hämtade ur Jerker Widéns och Jan Ångströms bok Militärteorins grunder. Utöver dessa sex aspekter kommer även manöverkrig, linjaritet samt rysk krigskonst att beskrivas. Dessa operationaliseras sedan på referensobjektet och leder fram till en diskussion som sedan mynnar ut i ett antal slutsatser. De slutsatser som har dragits är att Golanhöjderna har en strategisk vikt i området 1967-1973 då de fungerade som ett ”strategiskt lås” för bägge sidor samt att höjderna var värdefulla ur underrättelse-/spaningshänseende.

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