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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

"I have often tried to write myself a pass": A Systemic-Functional Analysis of Discourse in Selected African American Slave Narratives

Pischel de Ascensao, Tobias 03 September 2004 (has links)
This dissertation uses a functional systemic approach to language to examine the construction of the respective first-person narrators of nine of the most popular, commercially successful and therefore influential African American slave narratives published between 1837 and 1862 (Roper, Grandy, Douglass, Brown, Bibb, Northup, Ball, Jacobs, Picquet). This corpus of more than 410,000 words was scanned for various linguistic features such as transitivity of verbs, nominalizations, and several syntactic features. The texts chosen differ as to their methods of production. Some of them were written by the first person narrators themselves, while others were either extensively edited, dictated to an amanuensis, or in some other way controlled. The dialectics of creation and representation through language results in the leading question in this study: how do the first-person slave narrators identify and create a personality for themselves through their texts? This dissertation thus focuses on the linguistic means by which the first-person slave narrator creates what is defined as a “discoursal self”, which helped the narrators to achieve one of their most important goals, namely, to be accepted as reliable. The dissertation consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 introduces a sociohistorical account of slavery, resistance against slavery, abolition, and the development of the slave narrative. The chapter shows that the African American slave narrative was not a completely new and original genre but an amalgamation of a variety of preexisting white and black literary forms. The second chapter is more theoretical and deals with discourse, power, and ideology in the slave narrative. Chapter 3 approaches the language of the slave narrative. The small corpus of scholarly texts that tackle language and style in this genre is reviewed. As an alternative to these approaches, critical discourse analysis (CDA) according to Norman Fairclough is suggested. It eliminates the a priori categorization of specific linguistic features as stylistically significant, because it is based on a functional view of language that perceives linguistic expression as choice on various levels. Every choice is considered meaningful and, according to its presence, absence, or clustering in a given co-text, potentially stylistic. Michael Halliday’s systemic functional grammar is introduced as the basis for the ensuing text analysis. Chapter 4 introduces the first quantitative observations about the density and distribution of the first-person singular pronoun in the narratives. This characteristic is then placed in relation to syntactic condensation in the forms of ellipsis, finiteness and nominalization, all of which are reviewed quantitatively. Finally, this chapter introduces the system of transitivity according to Halliday, Matthiessen, and others. It explains the distinction between the individual process types and provides a quantitative overview of the individual transitivity profiles within each narrative. Chapter 5 represents the main part of this dissertation. Each of the nine narratives is analyzed individually as to the presence of the I-pronoun in the text and the use and distribution of process types. In this way patterns of foregrounded or favored usages against absences of others emerge and contribute to the discoursal selves that the individual narrators present/construct of themselves. These preferred usages in general as well as in their local distributions are examined in detail. The quantitative observations supply the basis for further qualitative analyses derived from a large number of examples from the texts. Thus it is possible to show that each of the narratives is linguistically unique, which results in an individual construction of the respective I-narrator. The use of pronouns, process types and syntactic reconfigurations reveals how control over the activities as well as over the text is constructed, which can be directly related to issues of power. The Summary provides a synopsis of the previous quantitative and qualitative analyses and associates the quantitative results with characteristics of written and oral texts in general. Finally, it thus becomes possible to rank the nine narratives on a cline between predominantly oral and chiefly written characteristics.
82

"Vi förstår reaktionerna" : En textanalytisk studie av Parken Zoo:s kriskommunikation i pressmeddelanden och på Facebook / "We understand the reactions" : A text analytical study of Parken Zoo:s crisis communications in press releases and on Facebook

Röckner Lindgren, Joanna January 2013 (has links)
Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur Parken Zoo försökte rädda sin image och påverkabilden av krisen parken befann sig i under hösten 2012. Uppsatsen har även som avsikt att undersökahur kriskommunikationen utvecklas under krisförloppet och hur den skiljer sig mellan två texttyper,samt belysa vilka språkliga resurser som används för att realisera strategierna inom image repair theory,som i denna uppsats benämns som Benoits teori om imagereparation. Materialet består av trepressmeddelanden och tre uttalanden publicerade på Facebook från Parken Zoo. Dessa har analyseratsutifrån Benoits (1997) teori om imagereparation samt systemisk-funktionell textanalys. Resultatetindikerar att Parken Zoo har försökt rädda sin image genom att ifrågasätta uppgifterna som framkommit,framhäva goda egenskaper och värderingar samt redogöra för åtgärder som vidtagits och ska vidtas.Jämförelsen av kriskommunikationen i pressmeddelandena och Facebook-uttalandena tyder på attkommunikationen på Facebook kännetecknas av en mer personlig och närhetsskapande strategi medankommunikationen i pressmeddelandena är mer auktoritär. Resultatet visade också att val av strategi ochhur många strategier som används förändras under krisens förlopp, troligen beroende på vilken krisfasparken befinner sig i. Under akutfasen använde Parken Zoo samtliga strategier, i jämförelse med krisensförstadium då endast en strategi användes. Analysen har även synliggjort mönster för vilka språkligaresurser som verkar bidra till realiseringen av respektive strategi ur Benoits teori om imagereparation.Transitivitetsanalysen visade bland annat att den förnekande strategin i första hand realiseras genomattributiva relationella processer medan den tillrättaläggande strategin karakteriseras av materiellaprocesser. Avslutningsvis diskuteras även delar av materialet som inte har kunnat kategoriseras som enstrategi på ett tydligt sätt men som ändå kan ses som försök att rädda Parken Zoo:s image, exempelvissynliggörs möjligheten till en ny strategi som går ut på att visa förståelse.
83

Polisen vs kriminella : En kritisk diskurs- & textanalys om hur kriminella och Polismyndigheten konstrueras i en myndighetsgemensam broschyr från år 2019

Jansson, Liv January 2023 (has links)
Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats är att presentera den verklighetsbild Polismyndigheten förmedlar i det valda materialet och diskutera de samhälleliga påföljder diskursen kan få. För att uppnå syftet undersöker jag hur den språkliga konstruktionen av kriminella och Polismyndigheten ser ut i ett urval av material från en myndighetsgemensam broschyr från år 2019. Metoden som används för att uppnå detta är en transitivitetsanalys med fokus på den ideationella metafunktionen, vars resultat leder fram till den kritiska diskursanalys som möjliggör en djupare förståelse kring den verklighetsbild konstruktionerna i utdragen förmedlar. Resultatet av analyserna visar att Polismyndigheten konstruerar de kriminella utifrån egen uppfattning, och kategoriserar dem genom att tilldela dem attribut. Konstruktionen av Polismyndigheten är inte attributiv på det sättet, och riskerar därför inte att påverka attityder på samma sätt som konstruktionen av de kriminella. Uppsatsens övergripande slutsats är att konstruktionen av de kriminella är diskriminerande och därför potentiellt skadlig för den folkgrupp de kriminella associeras med, och att Polismyndigheten utnyttjar sina språkliga val på ett sätt som kan vara skadligt för samhället. / The overall purpose of this paper is to present the reality depicted by the Police Authority in the selected material and discuss the societal consequences this discourse may have. To fulfill the purpose, I examine the linguistic construction of criminals and the Police Authority in a selection of materials from a joint agency brochure from the year 2019. The method that’s used to achieve this is a transitivity analysis, with focus on the ideational meta function, whose results lead to the critical discourse analysis, enabling a deeper understanding of the worldview the constructions in the excerpts convey. The results of the analysis indicate that the Police Authority constructs criminals based on their own perception and categorizes them by assigning attributes. The construction of the Police Authority is not attributive in the same way and therefore does not risk influencing attitudes in the same manner as the construction of criminals. The overall conclusion of the essay is that the construction of criminals is discriminatory and therefor potentially harmful for the group of people the criminals are being associated with, and that the Police Authority utilizes their linguistic choices in a way that may be harmful to society.
84

En jämförelse av medierande skrivredskaps verkan på realiseringen av idéationella betydelser i mellanstadiets skolskrivande / A comparison of mediating artefacts effects on ideational functions in school writing among students in primary school years 4 - 6

Szybowski, Sofie January 2024 (has links)
I den digitala utveckling som sker inom skolans värld använder eleverna datorn i allt större utsträckning när de producerar texter. Som en del i att skapa en vetenskaplig grund för att förstå hur digitala verktyg kan påverka textskapande är syftet med denna studie att undersöka på vilket sätt det medierande redskapet för att producera text, i detta fall tangentbord, skärm och ordbehandlingsprogram eller papper och penna, förändrar texters transitivitet och hur idéationella betydelser realiseras i de olika texttyperna. Studien ämnar även undersöka hur agentiviteten i texter förändras beroende på medierande redskap och vilka skillnader som det går att identifiera i nyttjandet av olika pronomen i agentiva processer. Tjugo texter skrivna av elever i årskurs 4 och 5 analyserades med utgångspunkt i systemisk funktionell textanalys och analysmetoderna transitivitetsanalys och ergativitetsanalys. Studiens resultat är inkonklusiva och ingen slutsats kan dras om skrivverktygens påverkan på texternas transitivitet eller agentivitet. Studien visar hur uppgiftbeskrivningar för elevers skolskrivande är mer avgörande för hur innehållet konstrueras än om de skriver för hand eller på datorn och bidrar med kunskap för vidare forskning. / In today’s developing digital era, students in school rely to an increasing extent when producing texts. As part of an effort to contribute to creating a scientific basis in regard to understanding how digital tools affects how text is constructed, this study aims to explore in which way the mediating tool for text production, in this case keyboard, screen, and word processing software versus paper and pen, changes the transitivity in texts and how ideational meaning is realised. Additionally, the study investigates how the ergativity in texts change depending on mediating tool and what differences in the use of pronouns can be identified in ergativ processes. Twenty texts written by fourth and fifth grade students are analysed based on Systemic-Functional text analysis and the analysis methods of transitivity analysis and ergativity analysis. The study’s results are inconclusive, providing no clear conclusions on the impact of writing tools on the transitivity or agency of texts. However, the study reveals that task descriptions for students' writing are more critical in shaping content than the choice between handwriting or typing, contributing valuable insights for further research.
85

Η γραμματική στο δημοτικό σχολείο : η περίπτωση της Κύπρου : πρόταση πειραματικής εφαρμογής της επικοινωνιακής-κειμενοκεντρικής προσέγγισης στη Γ΄ δημοτικού

Χατζηλουκά-Μαυρή, Ειρήνη 22 September 2009 (has links)
Η διδακτορική αυτή διατριβή πραγματεύεται έναν επικοινωνιακό-κειμενοκεντρικό τρόπο διδασκαλίας της γραμματικής στο Δημοτικό Σχολείο της Κύπρου και, κατ’ επέκταση, της Ελλάδας. Περιλαμβάνει λεπτομερή περιγραφή μίας πρότασης πειραματικής εφαρμογής της επικοινωνιακής-κειμενοκεντρικής προσέγγισης στην Γ΄ Δημοτικού, στην Κύπρο, βασισμένης στο παιδαγωγικό μοντέλο συστημικής-λειτουργικής γραμματικής της Αυστραλιανής Σχολής (του Halliday και των συνεργατών του), το οποίο εστιάζει στο κείμενο, ως προϊόν και κοινωνική διαδικασία, στο συγκείμενο, στη γραμματική των κειμενικών ειδών, στη γλωσσική επάρκεια και, ευρύτερα, στο γραμματισμό. Στο πλαίσιο της συγκεκριμένης πειραματικής εφαρμογής διεξήχθη ημιπειραματική έρευνα με προπειραματικό και μεταπειραματικό έλεγχο, με δύο φυσικώς ισοδύναμες ομάδες. Σκοπός της έρευνας ήταν να εξετάσει την αποτελεσματικότητα ερευνητικού προγράμματος επικοινωνιακής-κειμενοκεντρικής προσέγγισης της διδασκαλίας της γραμματικής ως προς τη γλωσσική επάρκεια (και τις δύο συνιστώσες της, τη γλωσσική ικανότητα και την επικοινωνιακή ικανότητα) των παιδιών που συμμετείχαν σε αυτή και ως προς το επίπεδο γραμματισμού τους, εν γένει. Η έρευνα ήταν ποσοτική. Μέσω ενός ειδικά καταρτισμένου δοκιμίου, που περιλάμβανε ποικιλία έργων και σχετικών ασκήσεων, μετρήθηκαν τόσο οι γλωσσικές όσο και οι επικοινωνιακές επιδόσεις των παιδιών των δύο ομάδων. Οι υποθέσεις της έρευνας εστίασαν σε ορισμένα γλωσσικής και επικοινωνιακής φύσεως εννοιακά υποεπίπεδα, συναρτήσει του ευρύτερου εννοιακού επιπέδου «γλωσσική επάρκεια», και σχετίζονται με τα ακόλουθα ερωτήματα: 1. Ποια είναι η επίδραση της επικοινωνιακής-κειμενοκεντρικής διδασκαλίας της γραμματικής στη γλωσσική ικανότητα που αντιστοιχεί στην ορθογραφική γνώση του διδασκομένου; 2. Ποια είναι η επίδραση της επικοινωνιακής-κειμενοκεντρικής διδασκαλίας της γραμματικής στη γλωσσική ικανότητα που αντιστοιχεί στην «αμιγώς γραμματική» (μορφοσυντακτική) γνώση (ή γνώση γραμματικών κανόνων παραδοσιακού τύπου) του διδασκομένου; 3. Ποια είναι η επίδραση της επικοινωνιακής-κειμενοκεντρικής διδασκαλίας της γραμματικής στη γλωσσική ικανότητα που αντιστοιχεί στη γνώση του διδασκομένου σε σχέση με τη μεταγλώσσα (βασική γραμματική ορολογία); 4. Ποια είναι η επίδραση της επικοινωνιακής-κειμενοκεντρικής διδασκαλίας της γραμματικής στο γενικό επίπεδο της γλωσσικής ικανότητας (γλωσσικές επιδόσεις) του διδασκομένου; 5. Ποια είναι η επίδραση της επικοινωνιακής-κειμενοκεντρικής διδασκαλίας της γραμματικής στην επικοινωνιακή ικανότητα του διδασκόμενου που αντιστοιχεί στη γνώση δόμησης γραπτού λόγου (άρα και παραγωγής γραπτών κειμένων) εντός επικοινωνιακού πλαισίου (και αναλύεται βάσει επιμέρους σχετικών δεικτών]; 6. Ποια είναι η επίδραση της επικοινωνιακής-κειμενοκεντρικής διδασκαλίας της γραμματικής στο γενικό επίπεδο της επικοινωνιακής ικανότητας (επικοινωνιακές επιδόσεις) του διδασκομένου; 7. Ποια είναι, εν τέλει, η επίδραση της επικοινωνιακής-κειμενοκεντρικής διδασκαλίας της γραμματικής στην καλλιέργεια της γλωσσικής επάρκειας του διδασκομένου; Τα ευρήματα της έρευνας, αναφορικά με τα παραπάνω ερωτήματα και στη βάση των υποθέσεών της, ειδικότερα, κατέδειξαν ότι υπήρξε στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά ως προς: α. τις «γλωσσικές» και τις «επικοινωνιακές επιδόσεις» των παιδιών της Πειραματικής Ομάδας έναντι των αντίστοιχων επιδόσεων της Ομάδας Ελέγχου, κατά την τελική αξιολόγηση της γλωσσικής επάρκειάς τους (της γλωσσικής ικανότητας και της επικοινωνιακής ικανότητάς τους, αντίστοιχα) β. τις «γλωσσικές επιδόσεις» και τις «επικοινωνιακές» επιδόσεις των παιδιών της Πειραματικής Ομάδας, ανάμεσα στην αρχική και την τελική αξιολόγηση της γλωσσικής επάρκειάς τους (της γλωσσικής ικανότητας και της επικοινωνιακής ικανότητά τους, αντίστοιχα) γ. το τελικό γενικό επίπεδο γλωσσικής επάρκειας των παιδιών της Πειραματικής Ομάδας έναντι του αντίστοιχου επιπέδου της Ομάδας Ελέγχου δ. το αρχικό και το τελικό γενικό επίπεδο της γλωσσικής επάρκειας των παιδιών της Πειραματικής Ομάδας. Τα παραπάνω ευρήματα, όπως φαίνεται και από τη θεματική ανάλυση περιεχομένου των ποιοτικών δεδομένων που συλλέχθηκαν μέσω, κυρίως, της συμμετοχικής παρατήρησης και της συνέντευξης, η οποία ενισχύει σε μεγάλο βαθμό την εσωτερική εγκυρότητα της έρευνας, σχετίζονται, δυνητικά, με το όλο ερευνητικό πρόγραμμα και την πειραματική παρέμβαση καθαυτή. Γενικά, τα ποσοτικά και ποιοτικά ευρήματα της έρευνας επικυρώνουν την ανάγκη για στροφή από την επικοινωνιακή προσέγγιση στην κειμενοκεντρική προσέγγιση, με έμφαση στη ρητή διδασκαλία των κειμενικών ειδών και της γραμματικής τους, γεγονός το οποίο μπορεί να συμβάλει θετικά στην καλλιέργεια της γλωσσικής επάρκειας, και εν γένει του γραμματισμού. Μία τέτοια αλλαγή αναμένεται ότι θα επιτρέψει τον απεγκλωβισμό από το "πώς" της γραμματικής διδασκαλίας και θα δώσει απαντήσεις σε ερωτήματα όπως: "ποια είδη κειμένου πρέπει να διδάσκονται, σε ποια τάξη και με ποια σειρά". Η διατριβή εστιάζει συστηματικά στον προβληματισμό αυτό και καταθέτει τη δική της ολοκληρωμένη πρόταση για κειμενοκεντρική προσέγγιση της γραμματικής στην Γ΄ Δημοτικού, τάξη η οποία συνιστά ένα κομβικό σημείο στη γλωσσική αγωγή, αναγνωρίζοντας το ρόλο της γραμματικής διδασκαλίας στο γραμματισμό των παιδιών του δημοτικού σχολείου.Στην τελική αυτή πρόταση κυρίαρχη θέση έχει όχι απλώς η "παιδαγωγική του γραμματισμού" αλλά η "παιδαγωγική της γραμματικής του γραμματισμού", η οποία και θεμελιώνεται σε συγκεκριμένα κειμενολογικά κριτήρια. / This PhD thesis deals with a communicative-genre based way of grammar teaching in the Primary School of Cyprus and, additionally, of Greece. It describes in detail an experimental programme, which is based on the Hallidayian systemic-functional model of grammar and the relative Sydney School Theory, from a pedagogic perspective. For the application of the particular programme, which took place in Grade 3, a quasi experimental research was carried out. The design for this research was a pre test - post test, control group-experimental group design. The aim of the research was to examine the effectiveness of the particular experimental programme, regarding the student’s linguistic adequacy (and its two components, the linguistic competence and the communicative competence) and their literacy, in general. The research was quantitative. Via an appropriate test, that included various linguistic and communicative exercises, the linguistic competence and the communicative competence of all the students, who participated in the programme, were tested at the outset of the research. After the Experimental Group received an instruction which placed a strong emphasis on text, as a product and as a social process, context and grammar, for a three month period, both experimental and control group students were re-tested, in order to examine their literacy outcomes in various linguistic and communicative areas and subjects of linguistic adequacy, such as the orthographic knowledge, the grammatical knowledge, the metalinguistic knowledge and the knowledge for effective written text production. The main null hypothesis for the research stated that no change would take place, between the Experimental Group and the Control Group, in the competencies related to “knowledge about language” and “knowledge of the language use”, as a result of the Experimental Group's exposure to explicit grammar teaching and, specifically, to communicative and genre based strategies and activities. After the data were analysed, the main null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis, positing that a significant positive change would take place in the Experimental Group’s literacy outcomes was affirmed. The results of the quantitative research were accompanied by the results of a parallel qualitative research. The thematic content analysis of the qualitative data, which were collected via a series of participative observations and interviews, increased the internal validity of the research and strengthened the possible relationship between the instruction, being described above, and the quantitative research results. Generally speaking, the quantitative and qualitative results of the research underline the possible effectiveness of the communicative and, especially, of the genre based grammar approach, regarding the linguistic adequacy of primary school students and their literacy. So, the most important conclusion of this PhD thesis is that, within the frame of a genre based grammar education, students can acquire the knowledge and skills to both write effectively and to deal knowingly with grammatical as well as textual forms. As genre based grammar education is related to a new way of grammar teaching, which aims to the social construction of language, it becomes equal to literacy based education. This new way allows the movement from the “how” of grammar teaching to the “how” of genres' teaching, during the primary years of schooling. The final proposal of the thesis refers to the “how” of genres' teaching in Grade 3, which is supposed to be a crucial point regarding language education and, obviously, regarding literacy itself.
86

Ett dubbelsidigt mynt – IKEA:s identitet internt och externt : en ideationell studie om IKEA:s betydelseskapande / A double-sided coin – IKEA’s identity internally and externally : an ideational study of IKEA’s construction of value

Vågerö, Emma January 2019 (has links)
This study aims to examine how meaning and value is created in IKEA’s internal and external means of communication. I want to see if the values expressed in the internal and external communication tangent. I will additionally inspect how IKEA present themselves depending on whether the recipients are internal coworkers or external customers. The last thing to be inspected is the internal and external “ideal reader”, which is translated from the Swedish term “modelläsare” (Björkvall 2003). Furthermore, the objective of the study is to contribute to the field of linguistic research. This is done by exposing how values are used to shape different versions of the identity of organizations internally and externally. The internal documents consist of a vision and a “värdegrund”, in English called “fundamental values”, and the external communication entails three images from the advertising campaign “Where life happens”. I analyzed the material through the ideational metafunction belonging to the theory of systemic functional grammar and through a sociosemiotic multimodal analysis. The result reveals that nearly all of the expressed values occur both internally and externally. An example of prominent values is togetherness, inclusiveness and openness. However, the way in which IKEA present themselves towards internal and external target audiences varies markedly, as does the constructed ideal reader. The internal ideational representation of IKEA marks the coworker as part of the organization. At the same time multiple demands describing how the coworker should act and think greatly constricts and controls the internal audience. The external recipients, however, are free to be of a varying kind. IKEA expresses how the external target audience includes everyone. As a result, there are no expectations of who the external ideal reader should be, with one exception. The internal and external ideal readers are both part of a community, as contrasting to being portrayed as solitary.
87

Den välvilliga konsumenten : En multimodal analys av ett ekologiskt blöjföretags marknadskommunikation med föräldern / The benevolent consumer : a multimodal analysis of an organic diaper company's marketing communication towards the parent

Mäkipiha, Ellen January 2021 (has links)
Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur ett ekologiskt blöjföretag kommunicerar hållbarhet till föräldern i sin multimodala marknadskommunikation, och vilken relation som genom denna synliggörs mellan företaget och föräldern. Ett delsyfte är att vidare kritiskt belysa vad marknadskommunikationen kan säga om relationen och ett samhälle präglat av hållbarhet. Studien undersöker det svenska, ekologiska blöjföretaget Naty. Med teoretisk utgångspunkt i sociosemiotiken genomförs en skrift- och bildanalys med hjälp av den interpersonella metafunktionen och strukturen inom systemisk-funktionell grammatik och andra sociosemiotiska analysverktyg. Resultaten visar att Natys marknadskommunikation till en majoritet byggs upp av skriftliga påståenden relaterade till det ekologiska och hållbara, vilka rymmer tilltal och omtal, adjektiv och värdeord, argument och modalitet. Inom påståendena syns därigenom att förälderns sociala identitet konstrueras som en vilken är oroad för sin bebis och hållbarhetsaspekter och att Naty konstrueras som en ekologisk och hållbar vän, samtidigt som en tredje part målas upp i negativa aspekter vilken både implicit och explicit uttrycks som en annan del av blöjindustrin. Resultaten visar vidare att marknadskommunikationens bilder fungerar som förstärkande av det ekologiska och hållbara. De aktualiserar också klimatfrågan med hjälp av kontrasterande konnotationer mellan negativt klimatpåverkande fordon, oljeriggar och skog för att påvisa olika maktförhållanden där såväl Naty som föräldern och den andra delen av industrin ingår. Resultatet talar för en komplex relation mellan Naty och föräldern, där det genom en påverkande marknadskommunikation görs försök till att få föräldern att köpa Natys blöjor genom att använda strategier kopplade till hållbarhet.
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Identitet, solidaritet, auktoritet : Omtal och positionering i anförandena under de myndighetsgemensamma pressträffarna om covid-19 / Identity, solidarity, authority : Pronouns and positioning during joint press conferences on the covid-19 pandemic

Andersson, Susanna Birg January 2021 (has links)
Den här uppsatsen undersöker hur Folkhälsomyndigheten, Socialstyrelsen och Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) konstruerar identiteter och gemenskaper med de inledande anförandena under de myndighetsgemensamma pressträffarna om covid-19. Materialet utgörs av 40 transkriberade anföranden från perioden mars 2020 till januari 2021 som analyseras i tre steg. I det första identifieras samtliga personliga pronomen i subjektsposition, och VI- och MAN-omtalens klusivitet kategoriseras. I det andra bestäms vilka processtyper som talarna realiserar med omtalen utifrån systemisk-funktionell grammatik. Därefter grupperas omtalen i tre gemenskaper: Myndigheten, Situationen och Allmänheten. I det sista steget analyseras graden av dialogicitet i gemenskaperna utifrån appraisalteorin. Därtill identifieras ett urval samhörighetsmarkörer. Resultatet visar att de tre myndigheterna använder sex typer av VI och fyra typer av MAN. De föredrar att tala om Myndigheten och framställa den som handlingskraftig och kunnig, en karakterisering de också förutsätter att lyssnaren delar. Situationen som gemenskap präglas av beskrivningar och tolkningar, medan Allmänheten formas med uppmaningar och instruktioner. På vilket sätt myndigheterna omtalar gemenskaperna, och i vilken utsträckning de öppnar för andra perspektiv, varierar. Skillnaderna i de språkliga valen kan till viss del förklaras av myndigheternas skilda uppdrag och målgrupper. Men det utbredda användandet av mottagarinkluderande VI bör studeras vidare för att fastställa om inkluderandet är ett uttryck för en tillfällig närhetsskapande kriskommunikationsstrategi eller en indikation på en ytterligare informalisering av myndighetsspråket. / This thesis investigates how three Swedish public authorities – the Public Health Agency of Sweden, the National Board of Health and Welfare, and the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency – establish identities and alliances in their initial statements during the joint press conferences on covid-19. The material consists of 40 statements made between March 2020 and January 2021. The transcribed statements are analysed in three steps. First, each personal pronoun in the subject position is identified, and the clusivity of first-person plural VI (we) and generic MAN (one) are categorized. Second, the process associated with these pronouns is determined using the systemic functional grammar framework. The categories are then grouped into three speaker-included alliances: The Authority, The Situation, and The General public. In the third step, based on the Appraisal framework these alliances are analysed by the level of engagement stated by the speaker. A selection of lexical indicators of belongingness is also identified. The result shows that the three authorities use six types of first-person plural VI and four types of generic pronoun MAN. They prefer to talk about The Authority and portray it as vigorous and knowledgeable, a characterization they expect the listener to share. The Situation is characterized by descriptions and interpretations, while The General public is established with exhortations and instructions. How the authorities define the alliances and to what extent they are open to other perspectives varies. The differences in linguistic choices can, to a certain degree, be explained by the authorities’ different responsibilities and target audiences. However, the wide dispersive use of a first-person plural VI which includes the public should be further studied to determine if it expresses a crisis communications strategy to temporarily achieve proximity to the citizens or indicates a continuing informalization of the official language.

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