「環境保護」不僅是台灣地區熱門的問題，同時也是當今世界的潮流。所謂「我們只 有一個地球」的環保觀念更是普遍推廣。雖然我國正邁向開發國家之林，但對於面積 狹窄，人口密度高居世界第二的台灣地區而言，保護環境的工作，尤其刻不容緩。經 濟發展與生存環境孰重是今日政策討論上的重點所在。 經濟開發固然帶來高度的現代物質文明，繁榮我們的社會，提昇我們的生活水準，卻 也造成生活環境的破壞與環境品質急速的惡化，都市也日漸顯現髒亂，威脅每個國民 的生命財產。本文想藉分析台南市政府近年來推行消除髒亂工作，來了解都市環境保 護政策。民國七十三年台南市在市長蘇南成大力整頓環境衛生，提出「消除髒亂美化 大台南」的口號，如火如荼積極的推動，使得全市煥然一新，並受到全國各界的矚目 ，紛紛組團前來觀摩學習。面對台灣地區環境問題日愈嚴重的當前，台南市消除髒亂 工作的表現值得吾人省思。 全文一冊分五章十六節，共約八萬言，各章要點分述如下： 第一章緒論。首先界定題旨、研究現狀、研究方法與分析架構。 第二章問題的形成與認定。探討當前都市髒亂問題形成的背景及問題的認定過程。 第三章消除髒亂政策的規劃與合法化。先引介政策規劃的理論，並探討中央及省有關 的法令，繼而分析台南市消除髒亂的法令之規劃與合法化。 第四章消除髒亂工作之執行。簡述政策執行的概念，再論台南市政府消除髒亂工作執 行情形。 第五章消除髒亂工作之評估與建議。就政策過程各階段加以檢討，並提出建設性意見 ，希對於都市環境保護有所助益。

本論文係研究台南市之財政收支，有關內容大致如下： 第一章為緒論，說明研究本文之動機與目的，以及資料來源與文章之結構。 第二章為都市財 政之基本理論，介紹財政收支之劃分，並論述地方財政最主要之稅收─財產稅，同時 探討準公共財與環境財。 第三章為台南市之財務行政。先將台南市之財務行政作個簡介，其次探討台南市庫款 集中支付制度，最後再將屬於主計部門之預算與決算加以論述。 第四章為台布市財政收廿結構分析。將台南市歷年之經費支出與財源籌措情形分別作 詳盡之分析。 第五章為台南市財政部問題之癥結及其解決之道。指出台南市財政收十之問題所在， 並提出解決方案。 第六章為結論，將本文作個總整理，並提出結論。

由於社會與經濟結構的變遷，讓城市的環境結構隨之面臨重大改變，於是形成「創意城市」研究熱潮。在這股「創意城市」的研究浪潮當中，台灣城市的產業結構、空間規畫以及城市氛圍，都有了不同以往風貌。在這波改變中，連都市化、都市更新速度在五都中相對較慢的文化古都-台南市，也發生了改變，因此，本研究歸納台南市中西區近十年產生的變化，希望循著台南市中西區改變的軌跡，發現改變的原因，尤其不同因素間是如何交互影響，讓老府城有了新風景。 本研究整理、歸納「創意城市」理論發展的背景與主流理論後，考量文化、社會環境及經濟型態對城市發展的影響，選擇Desmond Hui以香港為研究背景所提出的「創意5C模型」做為本研究理論架構的基礎，以創意城市的理論觀點探討台南市中西區近十年城市的變化。因此本研究期盼藉由研究成果回答三點研究問題：(1) 近十年台南市中西區城市變化中，創意5C的四項資本有何改變？對此區所造成的變化又是什麼？ (2)創意5C模型四項資本在台南市中西區城市變化的歷程中如何互動？ (3) 在台南市中西區改變的歷程中，隨著時期演進四項資本有什麼消長？ 本研究所得到的初步結論：(1) 不以經濟發展為目的的城市改變策略，才能真正找到屬於城市發展的方向，而形成復甦經濟發展的外溢效果。 (2) 人力資本是城市發展歷程中最主要的關鍵因素，台南市中西區的成功來自建構足以吸引人才的環境，同時藉由資本間的互動形成正向循環。 (3) 在由下而上的城市改變案例中，政府最適切的角色是「放手讓孩子去闖的父母」。 / The tide of researching creative cities blooms after heavily changes of the environment as society and economic structure evolves. Due to these changes, even the city with usually slowest urban renewal pace, Tainan, has altered in its industry structure, spatial planning and atmosphere. Therefore, this thesis generalizes the changing of the Middle-East District of Tainan City for past decade and tries to discover how it happened and how the factors interacted. The thesis discusses the evolving of the Middle-East District of Tainan City for the past decade based on the “5Cs of Creativity Index”, which comes from Desmond Hui’s study taking Hong Kong as the researching target. This thesis aims at answering three research questions: (1) In the process of the urban evolution during 1999-2010 in the Middle-East District of Tainan City, what are the changes of 4 capitals of “5Cs of Creativity Index”? And what kind of impact do these changes have on this district? (2) In the process of the urban evolution during 1999-2010 in the Middle-East District of Tainan City, what are the interactions among 4 capitals of “5Cs of Creativity Index”? (3) In different phases of the urban evolution during 1999-2010 in the Middle-East District of Tainan City, how does the priority of 4 capitals of “5Cs of Creativity Index” changes? The conclusions of this thesis are as following: (1) Strategies of city development should build on their own history, resource, and territory asset, instead of focusing on the rise of economic immediately. (2) Human capital is the key element to the urban evolution in the Middle-East District of Tainan City. The Middle-East District of Tainan City attracts creative class and arouses positive cycle due to interactions of 4 capitals. (3) This case study demonstrates that in bottom-up urban evolution, the most proper character of government is to build up an environment with sufficient support and without unnecessary constraints.

本研究以環境正義理論為基礎，探討事業廢棄物掩埋場開發決策背後導致衝突肇因之環境不正義議題及衝突化解之道。首先，針對國內事業廢棄物處理政策的發展脈絡，構築出政府現階段解決事業廢棄物最終處置的思維，一則積極推動源頭減量、回收再利用；其次，又企圖鼓勵興建掩埋場解決事業廢棄物最終處置問題的雙軌併行政策，在缺乏整合的運作邏輯之下，能否發揮事業廢棄物減量、降低掩埋場設置需求的政策執行成效？繼而，在地方政府被賦予審議或核定環境開發治理權的轉變之下，應如何扮演該決策制訂與審議制度運作的角色，藉由「台南縣東山鄉事業廢棄物掩埋場」興建個案研究，探究掩埋場設置衝突事件之肇因，及地方住民、環保團體抗爭訴求，與開發業者、地方政府在個案申請設置或開發決策過程中所呈現環境不正義之關連性，並進一步推導出在地住民因環境權的被剝奪，而從事此抗爭運動所衍生「環境正義理念」的主張。 本研究結論指出，除環保署應積極整合事業廢棄物「源頭減廢、回收再利用」與「鼓勵掩埋場設置」兩政策之執行計畫及成效，俾能藉由減少廢棄物之產出，以降低掩埋場設置需求外；地方政府進行事業廢棄物掩埋場開發決策制訂前，應賦權民眾參與的機制，嚴肅看待開發過程所衍生不正義的問題，提高決策的正當性及公信力；同時透過開發審議制度及法令結構的變革，亦即賦予當地住民獲得充分資訊的權利、公開聽證的權利、民主參與的權利、協調開發單位與受影響的住民簽訂「環境保護協定」，以及要求事業機構負起調整生產結構的責任，作為實踐環境正義理念的方法，藉以改善環境決策品質及決策制訂的思維，俾作為地方政府部門從事掩埋場設施開發決策，消彌環境不正義衝突爭議之參考，以提供另種紓解民眾衝突爭端的途徑。 / In this study based on the theory of environmental justice ,by industrial waste landfills lead to the development of decision-making behind the cause of the conflict of environmental injustice issues and the way to resolve the conflict. First of all, the cause for domestic waste disposal policy development context, the government resolved at this stage to build industrial waste final disposal of thinking, an actively to promote the source reduction, recycling and reuse.Secondly, an attempt to encourage establishment industrial waste landfills to solve the problem of final disposal of parallel two-track policy, a lack of integration in the operation of logic, could appear of reducing waste, reducing landfills established of the policy effectiveness？then, in local government be given consideration or approved development and control of environmental, how to play with the consideration of the decision-making role. By " In Dongshan Township,Tainan County industrial waste landfills" the established of case study, probe into landfills established the causes of conflict, and local residents, environmental groups protested demand, and local government development of decision-making process in the present environmental injustice relevance, and further deduced in the right environment for the inhabitants of the deprived, while engaged in this social movements against by the derivative "concept of environmental justice". This study concluded that, the EPD should actively integrated industrial waste, "the source of waste reduction, recycling and reuse" and " encourage to establish of landfills " two policy implementation plan and effectiveness, achieved to reduce waste output and the need for establish of landfills . Local government for industrial waste landfills development decision-making, should be to empower public participation, look at the development process is derived from the issue of injustice, enhance the legitimacy and credibility of the decision-making.At the same time, through the development checkup system and changes in the structure of act, which gives local residents the right to receive adequate information, the right to public hearings, the right to democratic participation, coordinated developer and residents affected by the signing of environmental protection agreements and require producer assume the responsibility of the production structure adjustment, as a practical way the concept of environmental justice, to improve the quality of decision-making, it could serve as a local government departments engaged in the development of decision-making landfills facilities, eliminating the environmental injustice a reference for controversial conflict , to provide another kind of dispute the way the conflict.

國家是在一定的領域內所有權力集中的中心。長久以來，都市政治所關心的核心議題為國家機器等行動主體之權力結構為何、結盟的誘因及權力運用的機制與結果又為何等等，此皆攸關都市發展，而都市的發展則脫離不了土地政策的制定與實施，以土地的管理分配與土地利益的炒作，是透過政治運作而成，而政治的本質在於利益的追求，則都市政治與土地政策之政經關係為何，是值關切。本研究以都市政治的理論基礎為主軸，輔以權力三面向作為理論分析的架構，並以南科特定區開發案為例，論述都市政治與土地政策之政經結構，探究國家機器等行動主體之權力結構，並剖析我國土地政策之結構性問題及作進一步的反省。 研究發現，隨著政治民主化，地方與中央的權力關係面臨了轉變與調節，中央雖仍居關鍵地位，惟地方與中央已建構起「地方挑戰中央，中央仰賴地方」的巧妙關係。在南科特定區開發案中，誘發成長下土地利益為都市成長機器背後成長的基礎，地方、中央政府與資本利益團體之間已鏈結為利益共生的妥協性結盟，過程中雖然在地農民從被迫呈現「親開發」的無奈，到反成長聯盟為國家機器意識形態操弄下制度性的排除與嚇阻，惟卻點燃了對抗成長聯盟的火苗。而個案「三贏」的真相，不僅是地方與中央權力的較勁，更是政客與官僚自利心作祟下，挾持公共利益，游走法律邊緣，操弄文字為資本利益團體「圈地」、「養地」的野蠻遊戲。此不僅呼應成長機器論者所論述「Local Politics ＝ Land Politics」的鐵律，更驗證都市政權理論者所強調「power to」的權力關係，另地方的主要本質雖為成長機器，惟關鍵卻是「成長」的結果，所創造的利益並非為全民所共享。在土地政策為選票保證的關鍵舞台，政客選舉至上的習性，視民意為糞土，其經濟發展掛帥的結果，官僚不僅在名利束縛下盲目的迎合上意，邊陲部門更是自我矮化淪為附庸。以土地作為空間規劃的平台，位居關鍵地位，土地應承擔更多的使命，則土地政策結構性問題的解決應回歸制度面，以跳脫「金權城市」的枷鎖。而民意的覺醒，對抗成長的共識已凝聚成一股巨大的力量，反成長聯盟的聖戰終將迫使政經合流國家機器這異形巨獸無所遁形，且這股力量亦將促使大地的守護者—人民成為國家機器權力巨獸的領航者，帶領國家駛向康莊大道，共創社會福祉。 / In certain areas, a country is the concentrated center of all powers. Over the past few years, urban politics concern for the following core issues; what is the political structure of the state machinery and the other political actors? What are the incentives for alliances? And what is the functioning mechanism for using powers and what are their results etc.? These are euphemistically vital to urban development. In addition, urban development is inseparable from land policy formulation and its implementation. Land management, land allocation and land profit speculations are all made through a political operation. But the essence of politics is to pursue interests. Therefore, it is worthy of concerning and discussing the political relationship between urban politics and land policies.In this case study, the theoretical basis of urban politics is a main element for discussion, supported by a theoretical analysis framework of the power’s three dimensions, also taking Tainan Science-based Industrial Park Special District as an example to elaborate the political and economic structure of urban politics and land policies, to explore the power structure of state apparatus and other emergent political actors, to explore the structural problem of Taiwan’s land polices and other further reflections. According to the case study, accompanying Taiwan’s political democratization, local and central governments were facing a shift and adjustment in their power relationship. In this case study’s period, the central government still led a key position. However, local and central governments had constructed a clever relationship as “local government challenging the central government”, and “central government relying on local government.”In the case of Tainan Science-based Industrial Park Special District, the induced growth of interests behind the land profits are laying the background growing foundation of the urban development. Between capital interest groups and local (including central) governments, both have links to a compromise alliance for their symbiotic interests. During the developmental process, local farmers were forced to show their helpless “pro-development” attitude. Under the institutional exclusion and deterrence, farmers were forced to join anti-growth coalition by the ideological manipulation of the state apparatus, but it also fired the flames against the growing alliances. The in-depth truth under the case “three win,” is not only describing the competition between local and central authorities, but also describing their self-serving hearts of politicians and bureaucrats to held hostage in terms of public interests, to walk a legal edge, and to manipulate the text for capital interest groups’ excuses of “land enclosure” and “land raised,” in a brutal game of earning profits.The case study is echoed growth machine commentators’ discussing the iron law of “Local Politics” equals “Land Politics.” It also verifies the urban regime theorists’ emphasizing “power to,” the relationship of power. The other main area is discussing the push for local growth, “although the nature of the growth machine.” However, the key is “growth results,” of which were not shared by all the people.It holds a key position to use spatial planning as a platform, among which the land policies should shoulder more of the mission. The land policies should return back to the systemic way and be institutionalized to escape the yoke of “money power rooted in the city.” The awakening of the public opinion against growth has been a consensus and condensed into a strong force. The anti-growth coalition jihad will eventually force the state apparatus, with political and economic convergence like a twisted-shaped monster, from the escape of detection. And this force will eventually be promoted as a guardian of the earth – therefore, the people will become the leader of the state machinery (power monster) to guide the country towards a broader road and create more social well-being.

由於公、私部門進行土地開發時，常因土地使用分區管制之僵化性阻礙土地開發進行，故本研究之目的，為瞭解美國所實施之浮動分區是否適合實施於台灣，並希望能夠透過建立「浮動分區」之制度，增加國內實施土地使用分區管制之彈性，有效解決土地開發之問題，促進土地合理之利用目標。本研究由探討土地使用分區管制之發展、台灣土地開發過程中產生之問題，以瞭解台灣目前之發展現況，從而瞭解台灣未來實施浮動分區應具何種條件與配套措施，並獲致以下結論： 1.浮動分區是一種可隨現代社會發展需求，推動地方發展之土地開發方式，且可增加土地使用分區管制上之彈性，並配合社會動態之發展。 2.未來在實施浮動分區之初期，實施主體與區位之評選仍應以政府為主，在制度與配套措施皆建立完成後，始可進一步將民間開發業者納入浮動分區開發主體以實施開發。 3.浮動分區之開發計畫可交由實施者或開發者自行擬定，但須注意土地使用分區之相容性問題。 4.浮動分區開發計畫之內容，至少需包括合理之土地使用計畫、完善之交通計畫、公共設施計畫、防災計畫等。 5.實施浮動分區應建立完善之配套措施，如制訂實施法源、浮動分區開發許可審議規範、建立開發協議等。

Many language instructors focus on vocabulary word by word, neglecting common phrases. The result is that English as a Second Language students do not learn to speak idiomatic English (i.e. they make collocation errors). This study of the English compositions of National Tainan Second Senior High School students in Taiwan examined collocation errors, categorizing them according to Benson, Benson and Ilson's Collocation Classification System. An examination was then made of the error types as correlated with general English proficiency.

L'île de Taiwan est le résultat de la collision, toujours active, des plaques Philippines et Eurasie. Ce travail a pour objet de mieux comprendre les processus tectoniques qui accompagnent la croissance actuelle de l'orogène, en utilisant l'interférométrie radar différentielle satellitaire en complément des autres méthodes d'investigation existantes. Cette technique fournit des cartes de déformation instantanée du sol (de quelques années à quelques jours) étendues, précises et denses. Après avoir détaillé les principes et les limites de cette mesure, ainsi que son potentiel à Taiwan, la technique est appliquée, avec des données issues des satellites ERS, à deux phénomènes tectoniques caractéristiques du développement de cette chaîne de collision. (1) Le séisme de Chi-Chi (1999, Mw = 7.6) sur la frontière Ouest de l'orogène, correspond à la réactivation de la faille chevauchante majeure de Chelungpu. L'interférométrie radar et le GPS permettent de quantifier avec une précision centimétrique les déformations cosismiques métriques affectant le bloc chevauché et d'y détecter les réactivations, induites par le choc principal, des failles de Changhua et de Tuntzuchiao. La comparaison avec les déplacements prédits par les modèles publiés de distribution de glissement sur la faille montre les limites de ces modèles. (2) Au SW de l'île, l'interférométrie radar permet la quantification de la croissance rapide (1,5 cm/an de 1993 à 2000) d'un anticlinal d'axe N-S, traduisant la propagation du front de déformation sur la marge continentale chinoise à l'Ouest. Ce phénomène tectonique est modélisé par une structure en "pop-up" limitée au nord par une rampe latérale, orientée E-W.