本研究以影像倫理作為觀察角度，探討電視新聞動畫化所帶來的真實「再現」與新聞倫理的爭議。本研究採深度訪談法，訪問業與學界共十三人，研究發現，動畫的重建/再現過程，反映感官主義，當新聞報導超越了事實，有可能傷害新聞的專業倫理原則，進而造成資訊淺薄化的發展；再者，虛擬的再現，未必呈現資訊原貌，一則新聞的大量訊息，經過新聞工作者的判斷、篩選，通常只留下具有故事性或衝突性的重點來產製成動畫影像；最後，多層次守門的干擾，影響新聞真實性，在文字轉化為圖影像的過程中，難免會受到編輯室社會控制與新聞價值內化、新聞工作者之間的溝通落差與資訊查證之影響，使得真實性流失成為必然的副作用。 / This study examined that some controversy concerning ethic of images exists in the animated news on television, discussing the relationship changing between representation of truth and journalism ethics during the production process. Through empirical in-depth interviews with journalists and scholars of thirteen, we came to explore the ethical effect of animated news on traditional news production and standards. It reveals that the reconstruction of animated news reflects sensationalism. When news reports are not based on facts, they are likely to harm the profession principles of journalism ethics and they will result in the process of information trivialization. In addition, virtual representations may not present the original information, messages are chosen and judged by journalists from a piece of news with story or conflicting points to make animated images. Finally, because multilevel gatekeeping interference affects the authenticity of news, it will inevitably be influenced by several factors, such as social control in the newsroom, newsworthy internalization, communication gaps between journalists as well as verification of information, during the process of transforming a message from written to animated form. The loss of authenticity is an inevitably side effect.

本研究旨在藉由2008年馬英九當選「中華民國第十二屆民選總統」後電視新聞相關報導內容的敘事分析，探討其試圖傳達的意義、形象，以了解電視新聞媒體對廣大閱聽眾「說了什麼」及「如何說」馬英九之神話故事，藉此歸納出新聞媒介「造神運動」的過程。 Barthes (1972)指出，神話系統可劃分為一級語言系統與隱含意識形態的二級神話系統。本研究循此從古代神話進而論述媒體神話、電視新聞神話於兩階層不同深度的意義，並根據Chatman (1978 )敘事理論和考量電視新聞之媒體特質將電視新聞神話第一層分為故事內容與敘事手法，以敘事分析之研究方法分析馬英九相關電視新聞。 研究結果發現，馬英九新聞故事多描述其個人形象塑造、兩岸與經濟政策、520就職典禮相關事宜及內閣人事等情節，並不時突顯其領導才能、公共議題與政見、政黨代表因素、政治風格、本土化特質、個性與個人背景等特色，且多報導其於公共流行文化領域之內容。其敘事手法則多以全景、長景與中景鏡頭拍攝，且記者多使用非干擾性旁白聲調述說新聞故事，而聽覺的後製效果應用較少。 資料分析亦顯示馬英九新聞故事暗示之意識形態可分為人民認為優秀總統應具備的條件與期許、兩岸關係爭議、親美思想以及新時代來臨等四類，此亦反映台灣社會價值觀、國際與政治情勢以及人民對新政府的期待。 / The research aims at exploring the meaning and individual image presented in Ma Ying-Jiu’s television reporting after his election of R.O.C president in 2008. By means of narrative analysis, the study is expected to understand the TV news media “what to tell” and “how to tell” the mythical news story of Ma Ying-Jiu, and to generalize the “Mythmaking Movement” process. As Barthes (1972) points out, myth is a second-order system constructed of linguistic system and ideological myth system. Based on the structure, this research discusses two orders of “myth” from ancient myth to media and television news myth respectively. Besides, with the concerns of television features, the linguistic system of TV news myth can be further divided into narrative “content” and “techniques” according to narrative theory proposed by Seymour Chatman. Results of this analysis indicate that, in terms of news plots, Ma Ying-Jiu’s TV news stories can be classified into the following categories such as individual image presentation, cross-Strait relations and economic policy, 520 inauguration ceremony and government personnel. For the role traits part, news stories are generally focused on Ma’s leadership, public issue, political party and style, localization, personality, and personal background. Even more, the sphere of public and popular is the most used setting in Ma’s news story according to this analysis. As for the technique, the full, long and medium shot and non-interrupted reporting tone are regularly used, while the other postproductions are not. In respect of ideology, Ma’s television reporting reflects four categories as follows: condition and expect of an outstanding president, cross-Strait controversy, pro-America thinking, and the coming of new epoch.

Thesis (MA)--Macquarie University (Division of Society, Culture, Media & Philosophy, Dept. of Media and Communications), 2006. / Bibliography: leaves 176-188. / Precursors -- An imperfect war -- Interregnum -- The perfect war -- Conclusions. / This thesis explores how war reporting on Australian television has been dramatically reshaped over the last 40 years, particularly by new technologies. Specifically, it seeks to answer these questions: 1. How did differing cultural, social, political and professional contexts, available technology and battlefield experience affect the attitudes, editorial content and narrative forms of two generations of television correspondents - in Vietnam and Iraq respectively? 2. How did technological and other industry changes over the 30 years between Vietnam and Iraq reshape the power relationship between the war correspondent in the field and his news producers and managers? What impact did these changes have on the resulting screened coverage? What are the longer-term implications for journalism and for audiences? / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / 192 leaves ill. (some col.)

A presente tese discute a prática do chamado jornalismo comunitário do quadro SPTV Comunidade, exibido no telejornal SPTV 1a. edição, pela Rede Globo de Televisão, na tentativa de apreender os discursos vigentes na sociedade que fazem interagir os campos discursivos do jornalismo televisivo e das comunidades. O desenvolvimento do trabalho descreve a presença do noticiário jornalístico no percurso histórico da televisão brasileira, os conceitos de comunidade e o espaço do jornalismo que se quer alternativo, fronteiras que delimitam a área de atuação do jornalismo comunitário. Nota-se ainda que o telejornalismo freqüentemente mostra traços de entretenimento e espetáculo em suas produções. As reportagens do quadro SPTV Comunidade são analisadas segundo as teorias da análise de discurso e da análise de conteúdo. As Ciências da Linguagem dão suporte às discussões e fornecem as conceituações do marco teórico. Os estudos de Foucault sobre a sociedade disciplinar e o panopticismo, em conjunto com as noções de Maingueneau sobre a cenografia do discurso contribuem para o entendimento de que os bairros são apresentados nas reportagens como o espaço de cena dos discursos e que o jornalismo televisivo funciona como um ordenador social, disciplinando os lugares de fala e de visibilidade das comunidades. / This thesis discusses the practice of called communitarian journalism on SPTV Comunidade, shown on tv news SPTV 1a. edição on Rede Globo de Televisão. Here, I try to get the different social discourses, wich interact with the news tv and its communities. This research discusses the history of Brazilian news, the concepts of community and the space of the so called alternative journalism as well as the field of the communitary journalism. The news reports shown on SPTV Comunidade are studied according to the theories of discurses and the content analysis. In this work, the Language Sciences are the basis for further discussions as well as theoretical basis. The studies of Michel Foucault concering disciplinar society and the panopticism, as well as Maingueneaus notion of scenography have also contributed to the our results. This results show the various districts are portraited as a scenario for the tv news discourse, wich work as social discipliner, in other words it disciplinates various discourse places and the communities visibilities.

news program, Události. Its aim is to determine the main aspects of changes in the use of Události casts, including Události gram Události Události in the amount of 21,38 %

From the earliest days of English-language Canadian Broadcasting Corporation television (CBC-TV), the military has been regularly featured on the news, public affairs, documentary, and drama programs. Little has been done to study these programs, despite calls for more research and many decades of work on the methods for the historical analysis of television. In addressing this gap, this thesis explores: how media representations of the military on CBC-TV (commemorative, history, public affairs and news programs) changed over time; what accounted for those changes; what they revealed about CBC-TV; and what they suggested about the way the military and its relationship with CBC-TV evolved. Through a material culture analysis of 245 programs/series about the Canadian military, veterans and defence issues that aired on CBC-TV over a 40-year period, beginning with its establishment in 1952, this thesis argues that the conditions surrounding each production were affected by a variety of factors, namely: (1) technology; (2) foreign broadcasters; (3) foreign sources of news; (4) the influence of the military and its veterans; (5) audience response; (6) the role played by personalities involved in the production of CBC-TV programs; (7) policies/objectives/regulations set by the CBC, the Board of Broadcast Governors and the Canadian Radio-Television Commission (later, Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission); (8) ambitions for program development and the changing objectives of departments within the CBC; (9) economic constraints at the CBC; (10) CBC-TV’s relations with the other producers of Canadian television programming, like the NFB; and, (11) broader changes to the Canadian social, economic, political and cultural scenes, along with shifts in historiography. At different times, certain of these conditions were more important than others, the unique combination of which had unpredictable results for programming. The thesis traces these changes chronologically, explaining CBC-TV’s evolution from transmitting largely uncritical and often positive programming in the early 1950s, to obsession with the horrors of war and questioning of the military’s preparedness by decade’s end, to new debate about the future of the forces and the memory of war in the 1960s, to a complex mixture of activism, criticism and praise in the 1970s and 1980s, and, finally, to controversy and iconoclasm by the 1990s.

In this thesis, the author deals with a topic focusing on use of plasma screens and plasma technologies in contemporary news channel CT24 broadcasting. The thesis is contained of theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part, the author summarizes existing findings of the television news field. The theoretical part includes a basic definition of television news and its subsequent changes, primarily because of digitalization process. In the connection with digitalization, the author also deals with new formats of television news, such as TV graphics. In the second half of theoretical part, the author focuses on characteristics of Czech Television and CT24 news channel. It contains of brief description of programs and studies, from which CT24 broadcasts, and which are closely related to use of plasma technologies. In the practical part, the author then focuses on the specific use of plasma technologies in the broadcast of CT24 channel. First, the author offers a basic division of what these elements are used for in broadcasting. Based on his own experience and interviews with Czech Television staff, he then describes the use of plasma technologies in individual programs and studios and offers their comparison.

過去國內電視新聞的相關研究中指出，國內電視新聞報導出現「時段區塊固 定」、「嚴肅新聞比例下降」、「報導內容感官主義化」、「報導形式視覺化」等情況。但僅了解電視新聞的發展趨勢似乎仍不足以了解電視新聞對國人的影響，甚至每日潛移默化的改變。 　　本研究提出有別以往電視新聞研究的新取徑，試圖以新聞框架理論來研究和解釋國內電視新聞的情況，並引用國外電視新聞框架的實證研究，整理出五項已知並已獲得證實的電視新聞框架：「責任框架」、「情感框架」、「衝突框架」、「經濟影響框架」、「道德框架」，以檢視國內電視新聞報導社會運動事件，特別是集會遊行時，這五種新聞框架的呈現和頻道間異同。 　　研究選擇以2008的「８３０嗆馬大遊行」作為觀察對象，經過內容分析後，本研究發現，國內電視新聞確實存在新聞框架，並且因為感官主義的媒體環境趨勢、社會運動團體的視覺訴求、新聞則數分配等原因而使得各新聞框架呈現時的差異。 　　國內電視新聞報導社會運動事件時，最常使用「情感框架」、「責任框架」與「衝突框架」。並且進一步發現發現，國內電視新聞報導社會運動事件時，各頻道間在新聞框架的使用上確實出現差異。 　　政治立場偏藍的電視新聞報導中，比偏綠的新聞台呈現更多「衝突框架」和「經濟影響框架」，其他新聞框架則無太大差異。另外，政治中立的電視台明顯比政治立場偏頗的電視台呈現更多的「衝突框架」；另外，政治偏藍的電視台也比偏綠和中立的電視台運用更多的「經濟影響框架」。 / This study examines how Taiwan television news frames protest news by investigating the prevalence of 5 news frames identified in earlier studies on faming and framing effects: frames of attribution of responsibility, conflict, human interest, economic consequences, and morality. 　This study content analyzed 206 television news stories in the protest against president Ma Ying-jeou’s 100th day in office in August 30th, 2008. The results showed that, overall, the human interest frame was most commonly used in the television news, respectively followed by the attribution of responsibility, conflict, economic consequences, and morality. It also appeared that sensational presentation as popular outlets in Taiwan’s television news. The use of news frames not only was differenced from channels, but also in partisan stances taken by various channels.

The aim of the diploma thesis "Non- standard photography methods in audiovisual journalism" is to present image and production methods that are used in television news and journalism - particularly those ones that defy standard methods. These methods appear, considering technological development and the endeavour of making neutral visual space of television journalism, more attractive. First chapter of the thesis presents television news, its history, characteristics, elements and typology of television news production. Next chapter deals with the visual aspects of audiovisual works. The audiovisual language, its expressive elements and specific aspects of the image in television are presented. Main part of the thesis focuses on the photography methods in television journalism. Based on the literature and interviews with creative workers from the Czech television it presents photography methods and especially non- standard methods that use small sports action cameras, unmanned air devices or hidden cameras. The thesis mentions also production methods videojournalism and mobile journalism (MoJo) that uses standard mobile devices for professional news production. Particular examples from the broadcasting of the Czech televison are presented in the final chapter.