Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:47:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Eloisa de Souza Ivan.pdf: 1241876 bytes, checksum: c243992308e7c5e5c81555fd3183f288 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Started in 1974, the posthumous book Um sopro de vida (pulsações), by Clarice Lispector, came to public in 1978. Written "in agony" (Borelli, 1981), the work resumes introspective density featuring Clarice's writing, repeats the existential paradox life and death so recurrent in her work, reveals itself as a work of beginning and end, one and multiple, finally, leading us by several known ways, or not. Recognizing that reading involves an empathetic relationship and motivated to continue the master's research, also about Clarice's work, I felt compelled to face the reading of such a dense work and to seek still little trodden paths. Thus, in this project, we have resumed aspects which have not been explored in our master's research for not being part of the objectives of that work, but which were perceived as relevant for further study. Among these aspects, we mention the manifestation of the double as a structural element of Um sopro de vida (pulsações) narrative, 1978, chosen as the corpus of this research. The theme of the double has always been present in the Western culture, varying according to the historical moment. Renovated in modernity, the myth of the double also reveals the man as a shattered person, having as one of its possible representations the division of the "I" in an "ego" and an "alter ego". To better understand the relationship of the double with the work, we can say that many centuries separate the Greek legend, told by Aristophanes, and from the book Um sopro de vida (pulsações), by Clarice Lispector. The legend seeks to explain the need of human beings to ever get the half that fulfills them; Clarice's work embodies, among others, the man's questioning in search of himself, reflecting on the "who am I?", "who is the other?". In this way, describing and analyzing the figure of the narrator-Author, establishing a counterpoint between narrator-Author/Ângela Pralini and observing the process of building the character like an image that is constituted "by" the other makes up the specific objectives of this study; it is also our purpose to investigate and analyze the effects of discursive meanings that recover the images of God, of the "you", of the mirror and the death in relation to the narrator-Author and Ângela Pralini. Guiding us, then, through reflections, by Rank, Clément Rosset, Bravo, Bakhtin, among others, the research presented here proposes, as a questioning, to investigate how the image of the double emerges as a structuring element of Clarice's narrative, more specifically in Um sopro de vida (pulsações), and to what extent this discursive feature manifests itself in the narrator-Author/Ângela Pralini counterpoint, his double, also investigating how this narrator is manifested in personal oscillations, in the expansion of the narrating function, in the lexical choices, in the adopted bias: who is the double of whom? / Iniciado em 1974, o livro póstumo Um sopro de vida (pulsações), de Clarice Lispector, vem a público em 1978. Escrito ―em agonia‖ (Borelli, 1981), a obra retoma a densidade introspectiva que caracteriza a escrita clariceana, repete o paradoxo existencial vida e morte tão recorrente em sua obra, revela-se como obra de princípio e fim, uno e múltiplo, enfim, nos guia por vários caminhos conhecidos, ou pouco explorados. Reconhecendo que leitura envolve relação empática e motivada a continuar a pesquisa de mestrado, também acerca da obra clariceana, senti-me provocada a enfrentar a leitura de obra tão densa e buscar esses caminhos ainda pouco trilhados. Assim, neste projeto, retomamos aspectos os quais não foram explorados na nossa pesquisa de mestrado por não fazerem parte dos objetivos daquele trabalho, mas que foram percebidos como relevantes para um estudo posterior. Dentre esses aspectos, citamos a manifestação do duplo como elemento estruturante da narrativa Um sopro de vida (pulsações),1978, escolhida como corpus desta pesquisa. A temática do duplo sempre esteve presente na cultura ocidental, variando de acordo com o momento histórico. Renovado na modernidade, o mito do duplo também revela o homem estilhaçado, tendo como uma de suas possíveis representações a cisão do Eu em um ―ego‖ e um ―alter ego‖. Para melhor entendermos a relação do duplo com a obra, podemos dizer que muitos séculos separam a lenda grega, contada por Aristófanes, do livro Um sopro de vida (pulsações), de Clarice Lispector. A lenda procura explicar a necessidade do ser humano de buscar eternamente a metade que o completa; a obra clariceana materializa, entre outros, o questionamento do homem em busca de si mesmo, refletindo acerca do ―quem sou eu?‖ ―quem é o outro?‖ Desse modo, compõem os objetivos específicos deste estudo descrever e analisar a figura do narrador-Autor, estabelecendo-se um contraponto entre narrador-Autor/Ângela Pralini, observando-se o processo de construção da personagem como imagem que se constitui ―pelo‖ outro; também é nosso propósito investigar e analisar os efeitos de sentido discursivos que recobrem as imagens de Deus, do vós, do espelho e da morte em relação ao narrador-Autor e Ângela Pralini. Orientando-nos, então, pelas reflexões de Rank, Clément Rosset, Bravo, Bakhtin, entre outros, a pesquisa que aqui se apresenta propõe, como questionamento, investigar de que modo a imagem do duplo se materializa como um elemento estruturante da narrativa clariceana, mais especificamente em Um sopro de vida (pulsações), e em que medida esse recurso discursivo se manifesta no contraponto narrador-Autor/Ângela Pralini, seu duplo, investigando também como esse narrador se manifesta nas oscilações de pessoa, na ampliação da função de narrar, nas escolhas vocabulares, no viés adotado: quem é o duplo de quem?

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Larissa Garcia Ponce.pdf: 3034025 bytes, checksum: eea80f76df75c2d24b9f114f5a45ac41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-22 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / In Brazil, the protection of children and adolescents was confirmed with the promulgation of a Children and Adolescents Statute , in 1990. Established by the Law number 8.069, this statute provides absolute priority in fulfilling the rights of children and adolescents as Brazilian citizens. When the family bonds, for issues of violence and other rights violations, break or find itself weakened, exposing the child or adolescent to risks or death threat, the subject of vulnerability must be submitted to a host institution. To shelter these individuals, the Social Mother figure was instituted in Brazil by the Law number 7.644, from December 18th, 1987, with the purpose to devote themselves on assisting the homeless children, exercising the role in a social level, within the system of Casa-Lares (House-Home). This study proposal was to capture the collective imaginary of Social Mothers, from a House-Home in the west part of São Paulo state, named W, in order to understand how to think and communicate the experience of motherhood offered to the sheltered. The study sought to conduct a psychoanalytic investigation, using a Drawing Procedure - Story with Theme , played individually, and a Group Therapeutic Interview to the Approach of Collective Personhood , accomplished together. Through the numerous associations found in these drawing-stories , interactive narratives were developed, guided by the assumptions of psychoanalysis, emphasizing Winnicott‟s contributions. It was intended to seize the unconscious psychological fields presented in these graphic and written speeches on the themes "children raised by parents" and "children raised by a Social Mother ", and then observe and discuss the possible reflections on conceptions and beliefs addressed in discourses and practices of these caregivers in their daily work. The interview, conducted right after, constituted as a communication period between researcher-researched, that allowed participants to get in touch with individual matters, raised by the use of PDE-T, with the due care and psychological support to develop these contents. From the interpretation of the material emerged the imaginary fields that address the following subjects: the configuration and operation of the traditional family and the traditional contemporary family; the description of the assumptions of good enough care and the features considered essential for the good enough Social Mother; the need to play the role of an adoptive mother; the beliefs that the institutionalized child and her biological family are problematic and inadequate, against natural and/or biological families, that are synonymous with happy families; idealizations: of the functions and feelings that a Social Mother shall submit, of the lack of negative professional aspects, of the work as a social mother not being a mere job but a mission, and finally, of the clues that reveal the ambivalence of the woman-mother for having to work and leave their own children. In the end, highlighted the importance of the selection, preparation and careful training of caregivers, so that they can understand the psychodynamics, needs and peculiarities of each individual sheltered. It also pointed out the importance of promoting a place of welcome, listening and psychological support to the care professionals in order to provide conditions for dealing with any eventual feelings and problematic aspects related to this function / No Brasil, a proteção a crianças e adolescentes se confirmou com a promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, em 1990. Instituído pela Lei nº 8.069 o Estatuto prevê prioridade absoluta no atendimento dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes como cidadãos brasileiros. Quando os vínculos familiares, por questões de violência e outras violações de direitos, se rompem ou se encontram fragilizados de forma a expor a criança ou adolescente a risco ou ameaça de morte, deve-se encaminhar o sujeito de vulnerabilidade a uma instituição de acolhimento. Para acolher esses indivíduos, a figura da Mãe Social foi instituída no Brasil pela Lei nº 7.644, de 18 de dezembro de 1987, para dedicar-se à assistência ao menor abandonado exercendo o encargo em nível social, dentro do sistema de Casas-Lares. A finalidade deste estudo foi captar o imaginário coletivo das mães sociais, de uma Casa-Lar do interior do Oeste Paulista nomeada W, no intuito de compreender como imaginam e comunicam a experiência de maternagem que oferecem aos abrigados. Buscou-se realizar uma investigação psicanalítica, utilizando o Procedimento de Desenho-Estória com Tema, desempenhado individualmente e a Entrevista Terapêutica Grupal para a Abordagem da Pessoalidade Coletiva, realizados em conjunto. Por meio das inúmeras associações encontradas nos desenhos-estórias, foram elaboradas narrativas interativas pautadas nos pressupostos da psicanálise, com ênfase nas contribuições winnicottianas. Pretendeu-se apreender os campos psicológicos não conscientes presentes nos discursos gráficos e escritos sobre as temáticas criança cuidada pelos pais e criança cuidada pela mãe social , para então, observar e discutir os possíveis reflexos das concepções e crenças abordadas, nos discursos e práticas destas cuidadoras em seu cotidiano profissional. A entrevista, realizada logo em seguida, se constituiu como um momento de comunicação entre pesquisadora-pesquisado que permitiu aos participantes entrarem em contato com questões individuais evocadas pelo uso do PDE-T, com o devido acolhimento e suporte psicológico para elaborar estes conteúdos. Da interpretação do material surgiram os campos do imaginário que abordam os seguintes assuntos: a configuração e funcionamento da família tradicional e da família tradicional contemporânea; a descrição dos pressupostos de cuidado suficientemente bons e as características consideradas indispensáveis para a mãe social suficientemente boa; a necessidade de desempenhar o papel de mãe adotiva; as crenças de que a criança institucionalizada e sua família natural são problemáticas e inadequadas em contraponto com as famílias naturais e/ou biológicas que são sinônimos de famílias felizes; idealizações: das funções e sentimentos que uma mãe social deve apresentar, da inexistência de aspectos profissionais negativos, do trabalho como mãe social não ser mero emprego e sim missão; e por fim indícios que revelam a ambivalência da mulher-mãe por ter que trabalhar e deixar seus próprios filhos. Destacou-se por fim, a importância da seleção, preparação e formação criteriosa de cuidadores, para que possam compreender as psicodinâmicas, necessidades e peculiaridades de cada indivíduo abrigado. Apontou-se também a relevância de se promover um espaço de acolhida, escuta e sustentação psicológica aos profissionais do cuidado de modo a oferecer-lhes condições para que lidem com eventuais sentimentos e aspectos problemáticos referentes à função

En tant que première destination touristique aux Etats-Unis, les parcs à thèmes Disney représentent un phénomène culturel important et une opportunité unique d’évaluer les médias de masse à l’aune de leur influence sur les usages et les conduites. L’analyse se propose d’interroger le concept d’imachination (imagineering), qui désigne chez Disney la conception des environnements thématiques et narratifs des parcs. Au travers de l’examen des protocoles de création des parcs, il s’agit de déterminer comment leurs concepteurs réunissent dans l’environnement certains critères de la narrativité ainsi que les récits qu’ils s’attachent à y raconter. Ainsi, le parc offre l’image d’un monde fictionnel qui, reflétant sous une forme objective certaines valeurs portées par la société américaine, décrit les conditions d’une bonne entente entre le visiteur et son environnement. Investi par le moyen de récits d’attributs psychologiques (souvenirs, valeurs), l’espace du parc oeuvre à la répartition des tâches entre le paysage et l’usager : en assignant un rôle à l’un et à l’autre, l’espace narratif soumet leurs interactions à un script préalable, si bien que les conduites et les émotions du second y relèvent d’une performance.En même temps qu’ils décrivent implicitement les conditions du bon usage du parc, les récits servent à la mobilisation d’acteurs distincts, et, ce faisant, à l’élaboration d’un système sociotechnique : de grands récits de progrès technique et économique ont ainsi permis à la compagnie de s’attacher le concours de grandes corporations américaines et d’obtenir pour son complexe floridien un statut juridique particulier, donnant le jour à un système de production inédit. / As the number-one tourist destination in the United States, the Disney theme parks are asignificant cultural phenomenon and present a unique opportunity to evaluate mass communication inlight of its influence on the user’s behavior and practices. This study aims to provide an analysis of “Imagineering”—that is, the design of narrative environments in the Disney-branded theme parks. By examining the design processes at work in the parks, the analysis shows what stories theso-called “Imagineers” intend to tell as well as how these stories fulfill the requirements of narratives in the very environment of the parks. The park thus presents the image of a fictional world that reflects the values of American society in an objective form, and in so doing provides the conditions for conformity between the user and the environment. As the repository of subjective and psychological traits (memories, values), the narrative space of the park distributes the tasks at hand between the visitor and the environment. By assigning each its role, the park subjects their interaction to a pre-established script—so well that the visitor’s behaviorsand emotions take on the appearance of performances. Besides providing implicit instructions for the proper use of the parks, narratives also serve to mobilize various social agents and in doing so create new sociotechnical systems. Grand narratives of technical and economic progress have thus helped the company secure the collaboration of prominent American corporations as well as a specific legal status for its Florida resort, giving rise to a new production system.

Esta dissertação resulta de uma pesquisa que investigou a interpretação atribuída a orações relativas com um núcleo [+animado], como a fada que molhou, que são ambíguas entre uma leitura de tema (a fada foi molhada) e uma leitura de agente (a fada molhou alguém). A leitura de tema é associada à estrutura absoluta, na qual o verbo transitivo sofre uma mudança de valência: não há argumento agentivo e, consequentemente, não há projeção vP. O verbo não pode checar o Caso acusativo do objeto, forçando o argumento temático a se mover para a posição pré-verbal, onde concorda com o verbo (NEGRÃO; VIOTTI, 2010). Essa estrutura é considerada mais simples do que passivas, por exemplo, uma vez que, nela, o agente não está nem mesmo implícito na sentença. Já a leitura de agente corresponde a uma estrutura em que o objeto não está expresso foneticamente. Em experimentos que eliciaram a produção de relativas de objeto no Português Brasileiro infantil (VIVANCO; PIRES, 2012; GROLLA; AUGUSTO, 2016; RANGEL, 2016), as crianças produziram relativas absolutas para evitar a complexidade estrutural da relativa de objeto. Os adultos raramente as produziram, preferindo as relativas passivas. Dada a alta taxa de produção de relativas absolutas por parte das crianças nesses testes, nosso objetivo foi investigar a preferência das crianças na interpretação de relativas ambíguas. Nós hipotetizamos que a leitura de agente seria preferida, considerando que o parser tende a atribuir lacuna na primeira posição disponível, i.e, a posição de sujeito (PHILLIPS, KAZANINA, ABADA, 2005). Uma vez que a relativa absoluta envolve uma lacuna extra (o tema se move da posição de objeto para a posição pré-verbal: a fada que _ molhou _ ), esta não deverá ser a análise preferida pelo parser. Além disso, o fato de as relativas ambíguas testadas terem um NP [+animado] como núcleo contribui para que este seja interpretado como agente (BECKER, 2014). Foi conduzido um experimento envolvendo a Tarefa de Julgamento de Valor de Verdade, no qual os participantes julgaram relativas de objeto, relativas passivas e relativas ambíguas como verdadeiras ou falsas com base em histórias contadas a eles. Nas relativas ambíguas, ambas as interpretações estavam disponíveis nas histórias, de modo que o julgamento falso se associava à leitura de tema, e o verdadeiro, à leitura de agente. Participaram do teste 46 crianças adquirindo PB (16 3;6-4;6); (30 5;0-5;11) e 26 adultos falantes nativos de PB. Ao contrário do que prevemos, as crianças preferiram a leitura de tema. Já os adultos prefeririam a leitura de agente, embora não tenham rejeitado completamente a leitura de tema. A alta frequência da leitura de tema nos dados das crianças nos leva a descartar a hipótese de que a absoluta seja apenas uma saída à qual as crianças recorrem quando têm de produzir estruturas mais complexas, como as relativas de objeto. O fato de que adultos também acessam essa interpretação evidencia que as absolutas sejam de fato estruturas lícitas no PB. / This dissertation results of a research that has investigated the interpretation of relative clauses with a [+animated] head, as \"the fairy that washed\". These relatives are ambiguous between a theme interpretation (the fairy got washed) and an agent interpretation (the fairy washed someone). The theme interpretation is associated with the absolutive sentence, in which a transitive verb suffers a valence alternation: there is no agent, and consequently, no vP is projected. The verb cannot check the object\'s accusative Case, forcing the theme to move to a pre-verbal position, agreeing with the verb (NEGRÃO; VIOTTI, 2010). The resulting structure is simpler than passives, for example, since the agent is not even implicity expressed in the sentence. The agent interpretation is associated with a structure with the object not expressed phonetically. In experiments eliciting object relative clauses in child Brazilian Portuguese (BrP), children produced absolutive relatives to avoid the structural complexity of the object relative clause (VIVANCO; PIRES, 2012; GROLLA; AUGUSTO, 2016; RANGEL, 2016). Adults rarely produced them, preferring passive relatives instead. Given children\'s high production of absolutive relatives in these experiments, our aim was to investigate children\'s preferences in interpreting ambiguous relative clauses. We hypothesize that the agent interpretation should be preferred, as it enables the parser to assign a gap in the first available position, i.e, the subject position (PHILLIPS, KAZANINA, ABADA, 2005). Since the absolutive relative involve an extra step (the NP theme moves from object to preverbal position: the fairy that _ washed _ ), it should not be the parser\'s preferred analysis. Also, the fact that the ambiguous relatives tested involved a [+animated] NP as the relative head should contribute to this NP will be interpreted as agent (BECKER, 2014). We conducted a truth-value judgment task, in which participants judged object relatives, passive relatives and ambiguous as true or false based on stories told to them. On ambiguous trials, both interpretations were entertained in the stories, with true judgments paired with the theme interpretation and false judgments associated with the agent interpretation. 46 BrP-acquiring children were tested (16 3;6-4;6); (30 5;0-5;11) and 26 adults, native BrP speakers. Contrary to our expectations, children\'s group preferred the theme interpretation. Adults preferred the agent interpretation, although they did not reject theme completely. The high frequency of the theme interpretation in children\'s data leads us to discard the hypothesis that absolutives are just an escape hatch that children resort to when forced to produce more complex structures, as object relatives. The fact that adults also accessed this interpretation brings additional evidence that the absolutive sentences are indeed licit structures in BrP.

本研究目的在於了解市面上英語教學雜誌中，如何再現文化相關的議題。其中，英語教學雜誌使用甚麼方式來再現不同文化和它們所呈現的內容為何為本研究的軸心。此研究採用質化的文本分析法細讀從2009年6月號到2010年5月號的兩本初級英語教學雜誌---"大家說英語"和"ABC互動英語雜誌"的文化內容。 研究發現兩本雜誌都使用描述性文章(descriptive text)和圖片來敘文化相關的議題，而呈現的文化內容多以節慶、旅遊、文學等主題為主；"大家說英語"著重在美國生活文化的介紹；而"ABC互動英文雜誌"則以本土化來結合異國文化。 / This study aims to seek what and how culture-related contents are represented and introduced in English learning materials. Two best-selling English learning magazines targeting at basic-level English learners are selected—“Let’s Talk in English” and “ABC Interactive English Magazine”. Through integrating and re-categorizing the classification of cultural themes developed by Fleewelling (1994), Pesola (1991), Robinson (1982), and Chen (2002), the study creates a new system to classify different culture-related topics. Combining with textual analysis, the study examines the forms used to show culture-related topics, the representation of different cultural themes, and the balance of introducing different cultures. Moreover, the similarities and differences in terms of the way both English learning magazines represent cultural themes are addressed. The result shows that informative text, contextualized practice, vocabulary, and pictures are forms commonly used by both magazines. In Let’s Talk in English (LTE), various forms are adopted in introducing the same topic; while ABC Interactive English Magazine (ABC) uses only one form on each topic. Both magazines include big C themes, i.e. politics, economy, and literature and small c themes such as celebration of holidays and traveling. However, LTE uses examples concerning American lifestyles to illustrate these themes, whereas ABC combines more different foreign and local cultures in representing culture-related topics. The findings also suggest the diversity and immediacy of English learning magazines on the representation of culture-related topics.

本研究在探討主題式教學法對台灣國小學生英語口說溝通能力之成效以及此教學法對學生英語學習態度與動機的影響。此研究以來自雲林縣某國小五年級二個班級學生為研究對象，這兩班級隨機指派為實驗組跟對照組。實驗組實施主題式口語教學法而對照組則實施傳統口語教學法，每週均上課一次。經過12週的教學後，兩組皆進行英語口說能力測驗並施以英語學習態度與動機問卷。研究結果顯示學生受過主題式教學法學習後在口說溝通能力有顯著進步，而且其英語學習態度與動機也有正向的改變。希望本研究結果能為英語老師在教學實務上提供助益。 / The present study mainly aimed at investigating the effects of theme-based oral instruction (TBOI) on elementary school students’ oral communicative competence. Meanwhile, this paper also aimed at examining learners’ perceptions of the use of TBOI, and the changes of learners’ attitudes and motivation towards English learning after the implementation of TBOI. Two fifth-grade classes in a public elementary school in Yunlin County were randomly assigned to be the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group received TBOI, while the control group took the traditional oral instruction once a week. After the 12-week treatment, an English oral proficiency test and an English learning attitudes and motivation questionnaire were administered to examine learners’ oral communicative competence and their learning attitudes and motivation respectively. The findings showed that TBOI had helped learners gain significant progress on oral communicative competence, and that the learning attitudes and motivation towards English learning had changed positively after the treatment of TBOI. Hopefully, the findings of the study may provide English teachers with some useful pedagogical implications.

本研究以內容分析法比較共200首台灣與美國音樂錄影帶中的性內容以及愛情關係表現。研究結果顯示美國音樂錄影帶中的性內容普遍高於台灣的音樂錄影帶，不論是在歌詞表達或影像呈現中。但值得一提的是，臺灣2010年音樂錄影帶中相較於2000年音樂錄影帶中性內容增加的幅度大於美國2010年音樂錄影帶中相較於美國2000年因樂錄影帶中性內容的增加。而且愛情表現方面，台灣的歌曲不論是在2000年還是2010年都有超過80%以上的歌曲為愛情歌曲；美國歌曲則較為多元，從2000年到2010年，少了20%的愛情歌曲。 總體來說，此研究結果與先前研究的結果類似：台灣歌曲中的愛情表達多為無性的表達，而美國歌曲中則較易將愛情等同或化約成肉體慾望，且不論歌曲主題，性內容也較常表達在歌曲中。雖然台灣音樂錄影帶及歌曲中的性內容還尚未達到足以造成威脅的程度，由2010年的增加多於同時期美國的音樂錄影帶顯示未來研究更應重視這一塊因為大眾流行音樂錄影帶在年輕族群的生活中扮演了重要的角色。若其不當性內容持續增加，勢必會對年輕族群的性觀念及行為造成影響。 / This study examines 200 music videos from Taiwan the USA for their sexual content lyrical and visual presentation. The second focus is the illustration of themes in songs. Results of a content analysis shows that in terms of sexual content in music videos, the USA is still more sexual than Taiwan as a whole; however, the increase of sexual imagery in music videos is greater in Taiwan in 2010 compared to in 2000 than that from USA in 2010 compared to 2000. Within-country comparisons show that the increase in images is greater than that in lyrics from 2000 to 2010 in both countries. For themes in songs, in both years, over 80% of the songs analyzed from Taiwan are love theme songs. Songs from the USA are more varied, and from 2000 to 2010, there are 20% less love theme songs. On the whole, this study agrees with previous studies, which found that love manifested in lyrics is often an asexual kind of love in Taiwan, while in the USA physical desires are often outright portrayed, regardless of the song themes. Although the sexual level in music videos images have not yet reached an alarming level, researchers should, however, keep track of the sexual content because music videos do take up a part in forming a socializing environment, especially for the young people.

<p>Detta examensarbete är en studie av glas- och silverformgivaren Gunnar Cyréns och modedesignern Gunilla Ponténs designmetodiker, formspråk och inspirationskällor.  Det undersöker också om de uttrycker sig konstnärligt i sina privata trädgårdar.  Kan deras formspråk spåras i trädgården och har trädgården inspirerat dem i deras formgivningsarbete?  Utifrån vad vi har funnit har vi skissat på trädgårdsidéer och tematrädgårdar med utgångspunkt i hur vi uppfattat deras formspråk.  I det arbetet har vi tillämpat de av dem beskrivna designmetodikerna.</p> / <p>This degree thesis studies the design methodology, artistic expression and source of inspiration of two renowned Swedish designers: Gunnar Cyrén, glass artist and silversmith, and Gunilla Pontén, fashion designer.  It also investigates if they express themselves artistically in their private gardens.  Can their artistic expressions be seen in their gardens?  Has the garden inspired them in their design work?</p>

<p>This dissertation has three goals : to establish an inventory of translation strategies applicable to the translation of metaphor, to investigate how the application of these strategies affects the balance in metaphorical quality between source text and target text, and, finally, to determine whether this balance is a useful indicator of the direction of the translation as a whole, towards either <i>adequacy</i> or <i>acceptability</i>.</p><p>To carry out this research the author has established a corpus comprising 250 metaphors from the novel <i>La goutte d’or</i> by Michel Tournier and its Swedish translation, <i>Gulddroppen</i> by C.G. Bjurström. Based on the criteria <i>thematical and contextual connection</i> 158 metaphors from this corpus have been selected for analysis.The strategy used in the translation of each metaphor has been established. The degree of balance in metaphorical quality between the two texts has then been determined and its significance as an indicator of the direction of the translation as a whole has been discussed.</p><p>The underlying theory and methodology of the study are those of Gideon Toury as outlined in his book <i>Descriptive Translation Studies and beyond</i>. The study is thus essentially descriptive in nature.</p><p>The dissertation is divided into two parts. The first part gives a survey of well known research within the fields of metaphor theory and translation theory. Various theories concerning the requested equality between a text and its translation are presented, as well as inventories of translation strategies established by a number of researchers. The second part contains the analysis of the selected metaphors and establishes a set of strategies for this purpose.</p>

"Die dröge Trina" erzählt eine von F. E. Peters in hochdeutscher Sprache veröffentlichte Geschichte aus der "Baasdörper Krönk", der bedeutenden niederdeutschen Dorfchronik desselben Autors. Der Roman, 1946 erschienen, beschreibt, wie die Bauerntochter Trina Dührsen, raffgierige Anbeterin des "Taler-Gottes", durch ihre Habgier das Leben ihres Bruders und ihres Ehemannes zerstört und versucht, ihren Neffen Wilhelm um sein Erbe zu bringen. Der Roman findet dennoch ein versöhnliches Ende, als Trina inmitten der Inflation der Jahre 1922/1923 die Entwertung ihres Geldes und damit die Vergänglichkeit irdischer Güter erlebt, gleichzeitig aber menschliche Werte schätzen lernt . Der eigenwillige Untertitel "Geschichte einer Poahr Dangoaß" bezieht sich auf den Spitz- und Schimpfnamen Trinas, eine Verballhornung des französischen Begriffs "poire d’angoisse" (für das Folterinstrument der Mundbirne), der ihr in Anspielung an ihren schlechten Charakter und die schönen, aber wenig schmackhaften Birnen ihres Hofes, die "Gurgelschnürer", verliehen wurde. "Die dröge Trina" schildert mit freundlich-ironischer Empathie mentalitätsgeschichtlich aufschlussreiche Verhaltensweisen, Sitten und Bräuche der norddeutschen Provinz im Zeitalter der Industrialisierung. Berühmtheit hat die Beschreibung eines Schweinewiegens erlangt. Die dröge Trina ist 1945 als Fortsetzungsroman unter dem Titel "Trina Dührsen" in den Flensburger Nachrichten erschienen.