O presente trabalho problematiza o ensino transmissivo enquanto limitador do processo de abstração refletida na aprendizagem do conceito de proporção no ensino fundamental. Aborda as práticas vigentes nas aulas sobre proporção em duas turmas de sexta série do ensino fundamental, sendo uma turma de uma escola estadual de Porto Alegre e a outra, de uma escola municipal de São Leopoldo. O estudo apóia-se em três conceitos da Epistemologia Genética: abstração reflexionante, generalização construtiva e tomada de consciência. A investigação é de caráter qualitativo e baseia-se em observações em sala de aula, entrevistas com professores e aplicação de tarefas que envolvem proporção, em que se utiliza o método clínico piagetiano. Os dados coletados indicam que o ensino de proporção baseia-se numa prática do faz-de-conta, em que professores pensam que ensinam e os alunos acreditam que, com os métodos de ensino adotados por seus professores, aprendem. Além disso, grande parte dos alunos demonstra gostar das aulas de Matemática. Esse pacto velado entre professores e alunos se firma pelo aprender através da cópia e repetição instaurado nas aulas e determina as relações entre ambos. Há valorização da regra de três como algoritmo de resolução de problemas sobre proporção nas aulas e os alunos permanecem arraigados a relações numéricas em jogo nos exercícios e problemas, e não recorrem às demais relações importantes para a construção do esquema das proporções. Algumas práticas dos professores demonstram que ocorre uma espécie de “avanço de sinal” em sala de aula, mas tal avanço é parcial, já que suas práticas permanecem (ainda) ligadas aos métodos transmissivos de ensino e os avanços se reduzem a movimentos individuais e isolados. Isso gera um equívoco quanto à aprendizagem efetiva de proporção e os alunos são aprovados para a série seguinte porque atingiram as médias necessárias, resolvendo inúmeros exercícios semelhantes trazidos pelo professor ou copiados do livro didático. Não é dada prioridade a práticas escolares em que os alunos são sujeitos da aprendizagem na aquisição do conhecimento estrutura, e sim ocorre valorização da aquisição exclusiva do conhecimento conteúdo, de conteúdos fragmentados e não de conteúdos organizados por uma estrutura renovada em função deles. Os aspectos levantados determinam as limitações ao processo de abstração refletida, sendo que o conhecimento matemático se dá por tal processo. / This work discusses the transmissive teaching as a limiting factor in the abstraction process shown in the learning of the proportion concept in elementary school. It approaches present teaching practices on proportion in two 6th grade classes. One in a state school in Porto Alegre and another in a local school in São Leopoldo. The study is based on three concepts of the Genetic Epistemology: reflecting abstraction, constructive generalization and awareness. The investigation has a qualitative character and it is based on class attendances, interviews with teachers and the use of tasks involving proportion – applying Piaget’s clinical method. The data collected indicates that the teaching of proportion is based on a makebelieve practice, in which teachers believe they are teaching. Students, in turn, think they are learning through the teaching methods adopted by their teachers. Furthermore, a great number of students have shown that they enjoy the Math classes. This hidden pact between teachers and students is consolidated by learning through copying and repeating. A practice established in classes which determines the relationship between learners and educators. The rule of three is valued as an algorithm to solve proportion problems and students remain attached to numerical relationships involving exercises and problems. They do not resort to other relationships important for the construction of proportion systems. Some teachers' practices have shown that there have been some advances in classrooms. Such advances are, however, partial. These practices are (still) connected to the transmissive teaching and are just isolated and individual movements. This generates a mistake concerning the effective learning of proportion. Moreover, students are approved for the next grade because they reached the necessary score by doing countless similar exercises brought by the teacher or copied from schoolbooks. No priority is given to school practices in which students are exposed to learning by acquiring knowledge structures. What is focused is the exclusive acquisition of the content knowledge, that is, fragmented contents which are not organized by a renewed structure aimed at the contents themselves. The aspects pointed out determine the limitations of the process of reflecting abstraction, being the mathematical knowledge acquired through that process.

Orientador: Stela Miller / Banca: Lígia Márcia Martins / Banca: Suely Amaral Mello / Resumo: O presente trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo geral verificar como tem sido encaminhado em sala de aula o processo de ensino e de aprendizagem de escrita e leitura da língua portuguesa através das práticas de professores. Especificamente, objetivou analisar as práticas pedagógicas de professores de língua portuguesa em salas de aula de quinta e sexta séries de ensino fundamental, no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de escrita e leitura, à luz da Teoria Histórico- Cultural; identificar os possíveis sentidos que os alunos constroem acerca da atividade de estudo realizada em sala de aula; verificar até que ponto o trabalho pedagógico proposto pelo professor ajuda os alunos a superar ou então enfatiza as suas dificuldades no processo de aprendizagem de escrita e leitura; contribuir com o estudo das práticas pedagógicas do ensino e aprendizagem de leitura e escrita da língua portuguesa no ensino fundamental e para a continuidade das discussões sobre o tema. A proposta surgiu da observação dos resultados obtidos por alunos das escolas públicas brasileiras nas avaliações externas realizadas por diferentes programas, os quais revelam que o processo de ensino não tem dado conta de promover a aprendizagem dos alunos. Por meio de observações, realizamos a coleta de dados sobre as práticas pedagógicas de professores de língua portuguesa em salas de aula de quinta e sexta séries do ensino fundamental. A análise e interpretação dos dados coletados nas salas escolhidas observaram os referenciais da Teoria Histórico-Cultural, especificamente em Leontiev, Vygotsky e Bakhtin, no que se refere ao desenvolvimento dos processos intelectuais, da atividade, da linguagem e da aprendizagem. Três categorias foram utilizadas para a análise dos dados: Organização da atividade de ensino; Orientação aos alunos para a atividade de estudo e; Relação entre ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work is the result of a research that aimed to verify how the teaching and learning processes of reading and writing the Portuguese language have been conducted in the classroom by means of the teachers' practices. Specifically, it aimed to analyze the teaching practices of Portuguese teachers in the classrooms of fifth and sixth grades of the elementary school, in the teaching and learning processes of reading and writing, from the perspective of the Historical-Cultural Theory; to identify the possible senses that the students construct about the activity of the study conducted in classroom; to verify how far the pedagogical work proposed by the teachers helps students to overcome their difficulties or emphasizes them in the teaching and learning processes of reading and writing; to contribute to the study of teaching practices related to the processes of teaching/learning of how to read and write Portuguese language in the elementary level; and, finally, to bring out further discussion on the subject. The proposal came from observing the results obtained by students in Brazilian public schools in external evaluations conducted by different programs, which show that, due to different factors, the process of education has not been able to promote student learning. By means of observations, the data related to the pedagogical practices of Portuguese teachers in the classrooms of fifth and sixth grades of elementary school were collected. The analysis and interpretation of data collected in those classrooms were based on the Historical-Cultural Theory, specifically in Leontiev, Vygotsky and Bakhtin's works, related to the development of activity, language, learning and of the intellectual process. Three categories were used for data analysis: Organization of teaching activity; Guidance for students to study activity and; Relationship between meaning and individual sense ...(Complete abstract click electronic address below) / Mestre

Si l’historiographie de l’EPS est manifestement riche de travaux sur la parole d’autorité (textes officiels) et sur la parole sacrée (les conceptions de l’EPS), en revanche, il existe moins de recherches sur la réalité des pratiques pédagogiques passées à partir de l’investigation de la parole des acteurs ordinaires de l’EPS. Selon nous, ce manque de données historiques sur ce qui s’est réellement enseigné en EPS au cours du XXe siècle tient d’une part, à l’opacité et au caractère privé de l’acte pédagogique révolu et, d’autre part, à la difficulté de trouver des témoins, relativement âgés, pour nous faire part de leurs pratiques pédagogiques à l’aune de leur histoire de vie. Cette thèse porte donc sur l’analyse croisée (témoignages, archives privées, rapports d‘inspection) de l’évolution de curricula réels liés à l’enseignement de la natation en EPS (1945-1995, second degré) chez une population « hétérogène » d’enseignant(e)s d’EPS (n=143) ayant vécu différentes trajectoires biographiques personnelles et professionnelles. Pour recueillir des données sur leur histoire de vie (savoirs aquatiques) et leurs pratiques pédagogues passées, nous avons eu recours à la méthodologie du questionnaire et de témoignage écrit complétée par des sources indiciaires privées ou semi-officielles ainsi que des rapports d’inspection. Ces outils nous ont offert la possibilité de pouvoir circonscrire d’un côté, ce qui a été réellement appris comme savoirs aquatiques avant (socialisation primaire), pendant, et après leurs études en EPS (socialisation secondaire) et, de l’autre côté, ce qui a été concrètement enseigné à des élèves durant des séances de natation dans diverses académies et dans différents contextes scolaires (collèges, lycées) entre 1945 et 1995. Au-delà de la formalisation de pratiques pédagogiques passées à l’endroit de l’enseignement de la natation en EPS ; une natation de la débrouillardise 1945-1960, une natation à l’ombre du sport 1960-1986, une natation autotélique ou « épsienne » (1986-1995) ; nous avons également pu mettre en lumière que la temporalité des réformes scolaires (instructions officielles, programmes, évaluations certificatives) ne se superpose pas mécaniquement à celle des changements observés au niveau du terrain, non pas tant que chaque acteur de terrain soit systématiquement opposé à toute réforme scolaire ou au contraire en accord avec elle. Mais, qu’en fonction de son parcours biographique personnel et professionnel (niveau micro), de la contingence des contextes locaux d’enseignement rencontrés et des publics cibles enseignés au cours de la carrière (niveau méso), de la réception des réformes et des conceptions de l’EPS et de l’enseignement de la natation portés (niveau macro), l’acteur est et demeure, comme l’a par ailleurs souligné Antoine Prost (1996), « un facteur décisif » dans la mise en place ou non des réformes scolaires. Enfin, cette étude aura permis de mettre en exergue une histoire culturelle de l’agir professionnel à l’endroit de l’enseignement de la natation en EPS et une épistémologie des savoirs aquatiques acquis et transmis tant du côté des enseignants d’EPS que de celui des élèves entre 1945-1995. Il va de soi que nos résultats sont liés au corpus, à la méthodologie employée et aux caractéristiques identitaires de la population ici étudiée / If the historiography of EPS is clearly rich in works on the word of authority (official documents) and the sacred word (Designs EPS), however, there is less research on actual learning practices from the past investigation of the speech of ordinary players EPS. We believe this lack of historical data on what is actually taught in EPS during the twentieth century is partly due to the opacity and private act of teaching revolution and, secondly to the difficulty of finding witnesses, relatively old for us to share their teaching practices in terms of their life story. This thesis therefore focuses on the cross-analysis (testimonies, private records, inspection reports) of the evolution of actual curricula related to teaching swimming in EPS (1945-1995, second degree) in a "heterogeneous population of "teacher (s) EPS (n = 143) who experienced various personal and professional life histories. To collect data on their life story (aquatic knowledge) and their past practices educators, we used the methodology of the survey and written testimony supplemented by private sources circumstantial or semi-official and inspection reports. These tools have given us the possibility to define on the one hand, which was actually taught as aquatic knowledge before (primary socialization), during and after their studies in EPS (secondary socialization) and, on the other hand, what was actually taught to students during swimming sessions in various academies and in different school contexts (schools, colleges) between 1945 and 1995. Beyond the formalization of past teaching practices at the point of teaching swimming in EPS, a swimming resourcefulness 1945-1960, swimming in the shadow of the 1960-1986 sports, swimming or a autotelic "épsienne "(1986-1995), we were also able to highlight that the temporality of school reforms (official instructions, programs, certification evaluation) does not overlap with that of the mechanical changes observed in the field, not so much that every actor field is systematically opposed to any school reform or otherwise in accordance with it. But, in terms of its life story and professional staff (micro level), contingency local educational contexts encountered and taught in the career (meso level), the receipt of reforms and target audiences conceptions of EPS and teaching swimming worn (macro level), the actor is and remains, as also stressed Antoine Prost (1996), "a decisive factor" in the establishment or non-school reforms. Finally, this study has helped to highlight a cultural history of professional acting in the place of the teaching of swimming in EPS and epistemology aquatic knowledge acquired and transmitted as the side of the PE teachers that the students between 1945-1995. It goes without saying that our results are related to the body, the methodology and identifying characteristics of the population studied here

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the present study, conducted at the Graduate Program in Education of the Federal University of Santa Maria, in the line of research called School Practice and Public Policy, is investigated the motion produced by the Institutional Program of Initiation to Teaching Scholarship (PIBID) in the Philosophy Graduation course of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM). Thus, it sought to understand how such program became a producer device of discursive practices about teaching philosophy. For this, the investigative pathways were: present the context in which is inserted the PIBID-Philosophy, considered as device of teaching practices, by analyzing the documents governing the teaching of philosophy, especially those relating to the UFSM Philosophy Graduation course. In the second stage, it examines the way by which was given the program operation in relation to the PIBIDPhilosophy resolutions, specifically, with regard to the purposes and justifications for it. Finally, it identifies, describes and analyzes the speeches of the interviewed scholarship students, mapping the discursive and non-discursive practices that emerged from there, placing them in evidence with the theoretical discussions hosted under the title Philosophy of Difference , dialoguing, more specifically, with the authors Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault. / Na presente pesquisa, realizada junto ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, na linha de pesquisa denominada Práticas Escolares e Políticas Públicas, investiga-se o movimento produzido pelo Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) no curso de Licenciatura em Filosofia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Assim, buscou-se compreender como o referido Programa se constituiu em dispositivo produtor de práticas discursivas acerca do ensino de Filosofia. Para tanto, os percursos investigativos foram: apresentar o contexto em que se insere o PIBIDFilosofia, considerado como dispositivo de práticas docentes, analisando os documentos que regulamentam o ensino de Filosofia, especialmente os referentes ao curso de Licenciatura em Filosofia/UFSM. No segundo momento, examina-se o modo pelo qual se deu o funcionamento do Programa em relação às determinações do PIBID-Filosofia, especificamente no que diz respeito aos objetivos e justificativas apresentadas pelo mesmo. Por fim, identifica-se, descreve-se e analisa-se os discursos dos bolsistas entrevistados, mapeando as práticas discursivas e não discursivas que daí emergiram, colocando-as em evidência com as conversações teóricas alojadas sob o título de Filosofia da Diferença, dialogando mais especificamente com os autores Gilles Deleuze e Michel Foucault.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:35:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 113542.pdf: 1756309 bytes, checksum: d404c431898c07d2e13d0d5449a9dcc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In the current informational context, it is more and more common that the Information and Communication Digital Technologies (ICDT) be present in all sectors of society and, especially, at school. Thus, the present study aims to analyze the emerging teaching practices from the insertion of mobile computers, in the Project One Computer per Student, , in three schools of the region of Big Florianópolis. In order to do so, we tried to understand, from a brief historical and etymological study of the concepts that permeate the teaching profession, its knowledge and practices in order to understand how these are constituted and if there are changes in the teaching practices when developed in environments permeated by the ICDT. We used qualitative methods to develop empirical studies in the selected schools; thus, we opted for the non-participant observation and for semi-structured interviews as instruments of collected data. As results we obtained a total of 50 watched classes and around three hours or recorded interviews, which were transcribed and pre-analyzed in order to unravel the categories to be posteriorly analyzed in the perspective of Content Analysis, proposed by Lawrence Bardin. The present study points that the developed teaching techniques in environments permeated by the ICDT, and more precisely by the mobile computers of the UCA Project, are still far from being considered as mediators, once they still repeat established models by the profession along its history. It still points the need of development and deepening of a curriculum which allies the possibilities of ICDT with school contents, the Web Curriculum, as Almeida and Valente propose (2012). We also understand that this study does not exhaust the possibilities of analysis of teaching practices in educational environments permeated by the ICDT. This happens for we understand that such practices are human representations restricted a given space-time and linked to the current theoretical currents in the moment of their development. / Diante do contexto informacional vigente é cada vez mais comum que as Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TDIC) estejam presentes em todos os setores da sociedade e, em especial, na escola. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem por finalidade analisar as práticas docentes emergentes a partir da inserção de computadores móveis, do Projeto Um Computador por Aluno, em três escolas da região da Grande Florianópolis. Para isso, procuramos entender a partir de um breve estudo histórico e etimológico de conceitos que permeiam a profissão docente, seus saberes e práticas a fim de entender como estas se constituem e se há mudanças nas práticas docentes quando desenvolvidas em ambientes permeados pelas TDIC. Empregamos métodos qualitativos a fim de desenvolver estudos empíricos nas escolas selecionadas, dessa forma, optamos pela observação não-participante e pela entrevista semi-estruturada como instrumentos de recolha de dados. Como resultados obtivemos um total de 50 aulas assistidas e cerca de três horas de entrevistas gravadas, que foram transcritas e pré-analisadas a fim de deslindar as categorias a serem posteriormente analisadas à luz da Análise de Conteúdo, proposta por Lawrence Bardin. O presente estudo aponta que as práticas docentes desenvolvidas em ambientes permeados pelas TDIC, e mais precisamente pelos computadores móveis do Projeto UCA, ainda encontram-se longe de serem consideradas como mediatizadoras, visto que ainda repetem modelos estabelecidos pela profissão ao longo de sua história. Aponta ainda a necessidade do desenvolvimento e do aprofundamento de um currículo que alie as possibilidades das TDIC aos conteúdos escolares, o Web Currículo, como propõem Almeida e Valente (2012). Entendemos ainda que este estudo não esgota as possibilidades de análise das práticas docentes em ambientes educacionais permeados pelas TDIC. Isso se dá por entendermos que tais práticas são representações humanas restritas a determinado espaço-tempo e atreladas a correntes teóricas vigentes no momento de seu desenvolvimento.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:06:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 123184.pdf: 761860 bytes, checksum: 694974a9262dcbcf3749fa676a9a83a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to understand the process of training and the teaching practices of popular singing teachers who have been working in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. The specific purposes of this study are to define and contextualize the popular singing and teaching, understanding the process of training of the popular singing teachers and identifying their teaching practices. As a qualitative research, the investigation draws on a theoretical and methodological framework based on a model of multiple cases. The analytical procedures used in this study comprised data collection semi-structured interviews and observations. The results point to, in the researched context, the trainning process was built from the articulation of knowledges acquired through informal learning, academic qualification and artistic practice. The teaching practices show coherense with the trainning related by the interlocutors and show relevant particularities to popular singing teaching. / Esta dissertação teve como objetivo geral compreender o processo de formação e as práticas de ensino de professoras de canto popular que atuam na cidade de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Os objetivos específicos foram delimitar e contextualizar o canto popular e seu ensino, compreender o processo de formação de professores de canto popular e identificar práticas de ensino de professores de canto popular. Situando-se no âmbito da pesquisa qualitativa sob o modelo de estudo de casos múltiplos, esta pesquisa adotou como procedimentos de coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações. Os resultados apontaram que, no contexto pesquisado, o processo de formação foi construído a partir da articulação de saberes adquiridos por meio de aprendizagem informal, formação acadêmica e prática artística. As práticas de ensino mostraram-se coerentes com o processo de formação relatado pelas interlocutoras e evidenciaram particularidades pertinentes ao ensino de canto popular.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FibiaBG_DISSERT.pdf: 3151219 bytes, checksum: bed0c68033efdeaf83baf223be880e40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-13 / This work addresses the study of interdisciplinarity in higher administration education, a topic of great relevance in the present context, due to guidelines issued by Ministry of Education through the National Curriculum Guidelines -NCGs for undergraduate courses in Management. The attention on the subject emerges from the gained experience of a researcher and teacher working as manager of an undergraduate course in Business Administration who set up interdisciplinarity through interdisciplinary projects in a management course pedagogical project at a private university in State of Par?/Brazil. The work rebuilds and reports experiences, and studies the practice of lecturers involved in those interdisciplinary actions. The study aimed to identify changes in pedagogical practices of teachers involved in the searched interdisciplinary experience. To address the questions that directed the work and achieve proposed objectives, from a qualitative approach, a significant bibliographical and documentary work was conducted on the topic. In the survey carried out on secondary sources such as publications of major authors and scientific papers reporting interdisciplinary experiences in higher administration education, it was found that interdisciplinarity for its ambiguous character is still poorly understood by teachers, and reports on its application in administration teaching are incipient. This study also used data collected from primary sources, from dialogues through interviews with educational fellows - teachers and officers of the institution that served as locus of the research, who had the opportunity to experience the studied interdisciplinary experience. Data were processed and analyzed using content analysis technique. Research results showed that teachers of the institution of research have a good understanding of meaning of interdisciplinarity as a link between disciplines; it was also found substantial evidence of changes in teaching practices and actions of such teachers based on their participation in interdisciplinary projects. Although the experience studied can be considered innovative and challenging, much needs to be done in the course management for achievement of interdisciplinary actions in the course, particularly regarding to the removal of institutional, methodological, psychosocial, epistemological obstacles in operationalizing interdisciplinary practices, with emphasis on the need of a process of continuous and specific training aiming at developing skills for interdisciplinary acting, to the extent that these education professionals do not perceive themselves able to act as interdisciplinary lecturers / Este trabalho ? dedicado ao estudo da interdisciplinaridade no ensino superior em administra??o, tema de grande relev?ncia no atual contexto, em decorr?ncia das orienta??es emanadas pelo minist?rio da Educa??o, atrav?s das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais DCNs, para os cursos de gradua??o em administra??o. O interesse pelo tema surgiu da experi?ncia vivida pela pesquisadora como gestora e docente de um curso de gradua??o em administra??o, que institucionalizou a interdisciplinaridade atrav?s de projetos interdisciplinares no projeto pedag?gico de um curso de administra??o em uma universidade particular no estado do Par?. O trabalho reconstr?i e relata a experi?ncia vivida e estuda a pr?xis dos docentes envolvidos nessas a??es interdisciplinares. O estudo teve como objetivo experi?ncia interdisciplinar pesquisada. Para abordar as quest?es que nortearam o trabalho e atingir os objetivos propostos, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, foi realizado um significativo levantamento bibliogr?fico e documental sobre o tema. No levantamento realizado em fontes secund?rias tais como publica??es de autores de refer?ncia e em artigos cient?ficos que relataram experi?ncias interdisciplinares no ensino superior, foi poss?vel verificar que a interdisciplinaridade por seu car?ter poliss?mico ainda ? pouco compreendida pelos docentes e, os relatos sobre sua aplicabilidade no ensino de administra??o s?o incipientes. Este estudo utilizou tamb?m dados coletados em fontes prim?rias, a partir da interlocu??o atrav?s de entrevistas com os sujeitos da pesquisa os docentes e dirigentes da institui??o que serviu de l?cus da pesquisa, que tiveram oportunidade de vivenciar a experi?ncia interdisciplinar estudada. Esses dados foram tratados e analisados a partir da t?cnica de an?lise de conte?do. Os resultados da investiga??o mostraram que os docentes da institui??o pesquisada, det?m uma compreens?o do significado da interdisciplinaridade enquanto articula??o entre disciplinas, tendo sido encontradas ainda evid?ncias de mudan?as nas a??es e pr?ticas pedag?gicas desses docentes em fun??o da participa??o em projetos interdisciplinares. Embora a experi?ncia estudada possa ser considerada inovadora e desafiadora, muito ainda precisa ser feito no ?mbito da gest?o do curso, para efetiva??o das a??es interdisciplinares no curso, sobretudo no que diz respeito ? remo??o de obst?culos institucionais, metodol?gicos, psicossociais, epistemol?gicos na operacionaliza??o das pr?ticas interdisciplinares, com ?nfase na necessidade de um processo de capacita??o cont?nuo e espec?fico voltado para o desenvolvimento de compet?ncias para um agir interdisciplinar, na medida em que esses profissionais da educa??o n?o se percebem aptos para atuar como docentes interdisciplinares

Submitted by Cristiane Magalhães Bissaco (cristianemagalhaes@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-05-08T17:51:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1 tese Bissaco.pdf: 2200703 bytes, checksum: 1a05ff76baafeb9efc93a5d64ee01610 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-05-08T19:33:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bissaco_cm_dr_rcla.pdf: 2200703 bytes, checksum: 1a05ff76baafeb9efc93a5d64ee01610 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T19:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bissaco_cm_dr_rcla.pdf: 2200703 bytes, checksum: 1a05ff76baafeb9efc93a5d64ee01610 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / Esta pesquisa se configurou em consonância com um olhar teórico no qual o conceito de criança é definido como um ser sócio-histórico, capaz de aprender desde muito pequeno e que, além de conhecimentos, constrói simultaneamente sua própria moralidade, sendo capaz de atribuir valores às questões pertinentes à temática ambiental. Desse modo, com o objetivo de construir sentidos sobre as práticas docentes de Educação Ambiental, procedi com gravação audiovisual, transcrevi e analisei os diálogos realizados entre sete professoras do sistema municipal de Araçatuba - SP e suas crianças, com faixa etária entre 4 e 5 anos, em que a temática ambiental foi apresentada, observando os valores evidenciados nessas práticas. A pesquisa contemplou um olhar para as práticas docentes – ações diretas de professores com crianças em idade pré-escolar e os diálogos decorrentes dessas ações, tendo como perguntas que nortearam o caminho desta pesquisa: a) Que sentidos são construídos a partir dessas práticas docentes? e b) Quais as possibilidades e limites dessas práticas docentes para a construção de valores voltados ao meio ambiente? Foi possível agrupar as práticas das sete professoras em três formas de Educação Ambiental, com sentidos específicos, quais sejam: a) pragmática, b) estética e c) meramente como ensino do eixo Natureza e Sociedade. No primeiro grupo se inseriram quatro professoras, que trataram de problemas ambientais visando ações e não desperdício para seu enfrentamento. Três delas trataram da questão do lixo e a sua reciclagem (P1, P3 e P7), e uma delas enfocou a questão da água e seu consumo (P2). No segundo grupo estão as propostas de duas professoras (P4 e P6). P4 direcionou sua ação para a elaboração de um jardim "para que os insetos tivessem onde viver". P6 direcionou-se para a produção de mudas de árvores frutíferas, ambas enfatizando a experiência sensorial junto às crianças. No terceiro grupo se inseriram as ações pedagógicas de P5, a qual apresentou como tema norteador de sua proposta "animais domésticos e animais selvagens", explorado sob o sentido de "conhecer para preservar". Pude perceber que os dados apontam para os limites do docente da Educação Infantil em romper com a hegemonia dos discursos ambientais mais conservadores e antropocêntricos, sendo que apenas P4 consegue realizar um trabalho em que o ser humano não é o centro de interesse. Esses dados parecem indicar a necessidade de direcionar espaços de formação em Educação Ambiental que considerem as perspectivas mais críticas. / This study was conducted in accordance with a theoretical concept of the child as a socio-historical being, capable of learning since their early age and concurrently of constructing knowledge and their own sense of morality, as well as becoming able to confer value to matters such as those pertaining to environmental themes. Thus, aiming at constructing meanings of teaching practices for Environmental Education (EE), I observed, audiovisual recorded, transcribed and analyzed the dialogs between seven pre-school teachers and their students, aged 4-5, at the municipal school system in the city of Aracatuba - SP, when environmental themes were presented and focused on the values underlined in their practice. Under the light of teaching practices, the direct actions of teachers towards their pre-school students and the dialogs resulting from such actions, this study pondered the following research questions: a) Which meanings have being constructed from those specific teaching practices? and b) Which are the possibilities and limitations of those same teaching practices for the construction of environmental values? It was possible to group the seven teachers’ practices under three different forms of EE with specific meanings: a) pragmatic, b) aesthetic and c) merely as the teaching of Nature and Society. The first group includes four teachers who dealt with environmental issues intending to face them with actions and not waste. Three of them specifically treated the problem of garbage and recycling (P1, P3 and P7), and one of them focused the problem of water and its depletion (P2). The second group comprehends two other teachers’ proposals (P4 and P5): P4 directed her action to the creation of a garden “so that insects have a place to live in”; and P6 directed her action to the production of fruit tree saplings. Both of them emphasized the sensorial experience with the children. The third group includes the pedagogical actions of only one of the teachers (P5) who presented “domestic and wild animals” as a north for her proposal, exploring the idea of “knowing in order to preserve”. I observed that the data pointed at the limitations of Child Education teachers in breaking with the hegemony of most conservative and anthropocentric environmental discourses, considering only P4 could develop the kind of work in which the human being was not the center of interest. The results seem to indicate the need for creating places for developing EE where more critical perspectives are considered.

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar os jogos de linguagem em formas de vida de crianças ditas portadoras de altas habilidades, evidenciando aqueles valorizados pelos processos escolares de seleção e enriquecimento educativo. Para isto, fez-se uso de ferramentas teóricas foucaultianas – discurso, relações de poder, e governamentalidade – e wittgensteinianas – jogos de linguagem e formas de vida – e, a partir destas, criou-se a noção de jogos de poder-linguagem, que veio a constituir as análises propostas na tese. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de um movimento analítico-descritivo com centralidade na linguagem, buscando compreender a forma como os discursos das altas habilidades circulam nas escolas da RME hoje e capturam esses sujeitos. Também se fez uso de técnicas de traços etnográficos pósmodernos, com o intuito de conhecer as formas de vidas das crianças ditas portadoras de altas habilidades. Buscando explorar a problemática que se apresenta, esta tese foi organizada em duas grandes seções, sendo que o arranjo das mesmas se propôs a abordar as altas habilidades em matemática de um âmbito macro, relacionado ao modo de pensar da sociedade, para um âmbito micro, relacionado às questões de sala de aula e ao espaço escolar. Os movimentos analíticos empreendidos na primeira seção da tese possibilitaram a identificação de uma mudança da ênfase das altas habilidades em matemática, de um âmbito científico-cognitivo, para um âmbito comportamental em relação ao social e econômico. Também foi possível verificar que o dito sujeito de altas habilidades não se constitui a partir de uma simples atualização de nomenclatura, mas se produz pela observação atenta e criteriosa dos agentes escolares, sendo tais observações também embasadas em critérios comparativos de desempenhos, onde ganham destaque aqueles valorizados pela escola. Também foi possível observar, a partir do trabalho de campo, como os jogos de poder-linguagem, mobilizados pela escola, valorizam e põem em evidência certos tipos de conduta, dando visibilidades àquelas que passarão a constituir o sujeito portador de altas habilidades em matemática na escola. Desta forma, na segunda seção da tese se sobressaiu a forma com que as práticas escolares contemporâneas promovem a existência de semelhanças de família – no sentido wittgensteiniano – entre os saberes constituintes de outras práticas com os saberes constituintes das práticas matemáticas. / This research aims to analyze the language games in the forms of life of children with high abilities, highlighting those valued by the school processes of selection and educational enrichment. For this, the theoretical tools of Foucault – discourse, power relations, and governmentality – and Wittgenstein – language games and forms of life – were used, and based on that, the concept of power-language games was created, thus constituting the analyzes proposed in the thesis. The research was developed based on a descriptive-analytical movement focusing on language, seeking to understand how the discourses of high abilities circulate in the schools of the Municipal Education System (RME) today and capture these subjects. Postmodern ethnographic traits techniques were also used, aiming to understand the forms of life of children with high abilities. Seeking to explore the current problem, this thesis was organized into two major sections, and the arrangement thereof aims to address the high abilities in mathematics from a macro framework, related to the society’s way of thinking, to a micro framework, related to issues involving the classroom and the school environment. The analytical movements employed in the first section of the thesis enabled the identification of a change in the emphasis of high abilities in mathematics, from a scientific-cognitive scope to a behavioral scope relative to social and economic. Also, it was possible to verify that the high abilities nowadays are not only in an update in the terminology, but is produced by attentive and careful observation of school agents, such observations are also grounded in comparative criteria of performances, which are highlighted those valued by the school. It was also possible to note, from the field work, how the power-language games, deployed by the school, value and highlight certain types of behaviors, giving visibility to those who will be the guy carrying high ability in mathematics school. Therefore, in the second section of the thesis, it was highlighted the way as the contemporary school practices promote the existence of similarities of family – in the sense wittgensteinian – between the constituent knowledge of other practices and the constituent knowledge of mathematics practices.

English CLIL-instruction in Sweden is supposed to be beneficial to students who want to improve their academic English vocabulary proficiency in preparation for studies or employment abroad. However, recent research shows that there is no difference in academic English proficiency between students in upper secondary school CLIL-programs and students in regular upper secondary schools in Sweden. Furthermore, educational researchers question if CLIL-programs in Sweden qualify to be defined as CLIL-instruction since Swedish translanguaging is extensively used which does not make the programs 100% Englishmedium instruction. Through teacher observations and questionnaires, this study investigates the classroom practices at a CLIL-program in Sweden in addition to ask the CLIL-teachers about their teaching strategies in regards to promoting students’ acquisition, development, and use of academic English. The findings include that the classroom practices are in accordance with practices considered beneficial to students’ proficiency in academi c English by numerous previous studies. In addition, all the teachers questioned in this study purposely work to support and develop students’ academic language proficiency in their respective subject areas and across the curriculum. The study also found four possible factors that perhaps can undermine the acquisition, development and use of academic English vocabulary and those include the following: First, the teachers believe that the students are already sufficiently fluent in academic English, and thus concentrate more on content than on language in their instruction. Secondly, extensive translanguaging in the classroom is common in addition to the students’ habit of speaking Swedish to each other in stude nt-tostudent communication. Thirdly, the students do not receive the corresponding level of education in their native language of Swedish as they do in English, which can have detrimental effects on their abilities to develop their English past their Swedish language abilities. Finally, classroom practices that are not inclusive of all students can work to undermine the acquisition and use of academic English vocabulary.