Ce travail de thèse porte sur la conception et l’expérimentation d’un outil d’aide au transfert de connaissances enseignées pour la formation professionnelle en alternance de techniciens supérieurs. La formation étudiée s’adresse à des étudiants d’un Diplôme Universitaire de Technologie en Statistique et en Traitement Informatique de données (DUT-STID). Elle est dispensée au sein d’un Institut Universitaire de Technologie (IUT Lumière Lyon 2) qui présente la particularité de ne fonctionner qu’en alternance, avec un engagement important des professionnels dans tout le processus de la formation. La durée de cette formation est de deux ans dans une formule spécifique le « 1 + 1 » où les apprenants sont sous statut d’étudiants la première année et sous statut d’apprenti la seconde année. Pour étudier le transfert de connaissances enseignées en entreprise, nous nous sommes appuyé sur un cadre théorique basé sur la théorie de l’activité (Engeström, 1987 ; Tuomi-Grohn & Engeström, 2003). Du point de vue méthodologique, nous avons fait le choix d’une approche progressive et collaborative. Nous avons tout d’abord mené, à partir de plusieurs sources de données (documents ; enquête et entretiens ; archives des traces d’activités des apprentis en entreprise issues des livrets d’apprentissage) une analyse de l’organisation pédagogique de la formation en recherchant ce qui pouvait, au sein de celle-ci, favoriser les mises en lien de situations d’apprentissage et les transferts de connaissances. Les résultats de cette analyse ont montré que l’organisation existante était peu favorable aux transferts de connaissances enseignées en situation de travail, comme cela peut être le cas dans de nombreuses formations en alternance. Puis, nous avons conçu, en nous inspirant du concept d’objet-frontière, et en étroite collaboration avec les responsables de la formation et les enseignants connaissant le mieux le cursus et les missions des apprentis en entreprise, un nouvel outil permettant d’effectuer des rapprochements entre des types de tâches réalisées en entreprise et des types de connaissances enseignées à l’IUT. Ce nouvel outil a été testé et expérimenté sur plusieurs cas d’étudiants en apprentissage en entreprise au cours de différentes périodes. L’objectif était de varier les types de contexte et les profils de tuteur pour tester la capacité de l’outil à fonctionner dans différents types de systèmes d’activité, avec différents types d’acteurs. Sur la base des cas étudiés, les tests et expérimentations réalisés en situation réelle ont révélé que notre outil répondait indéniablement à un besoin et était très favorablement accueilli notamment par les maitres d’apprentissage, les apprentis et les tuteurs universitaires, principaux destinataires de cet objet-frontière. Dans les cas étudiés, il a permis d’enrichir les missions confiées, d’expliciter davantage les étapes et les ressources nécessaires au travail de l’apprenti et de favoriser des temps d’échange sur les connaissances et outils enseignés à l’IUT qui pourraient être pertinents pour la réalisation des activités en entreprise. L’expérimentation montre, cependant, que son utilisation est complexe et repose surtout sur la capacité des tuteurs universitaires à en expliciter le fonctionnement aux maitres d’apprentissage et à faire vivre l’outil en situation. La dernière partie de la thèse rend compte du travail réalisé pour intégrer cet outil d’aide au transfert dans l’organisation pédagogique de la formation. Depuis septembre 2012, il fait officiellement partie des outils de suivi et d’évaluation des apprentis en situation de travail. / This work of thesis concerns the conception and the experiment of a help tool for the transfer of knowledge taught for the vocational training in senior technicians' alternation. The studied training addresses students of a Two-year technical degree in Statistics and IT processing of data (DUT-STID). It takes place within a University Institute of Technology (IUT Lumière LYON 2) which has the peculiarity to work only in alternation, with a significant commitment of professionals throughout the training process. The duration of this training is of two years in a specific formula " 1 + 1 " where the learners are under students' status the first year and under the status of apprentice the second. To study the transfer of knowledge taught in company, we leaned on a theoretical framework based on the theory of the activity (Engeström, 1987; Tuomi-Grohn and Engeström, 2003). From the methodological point of view, we chose a progressive and collaborative approach. We first conducted from multiple data sources (documents; survey and interviews; archives of the tracks of activities of the apprentices in company stemming from notebooks of learning) an analysis of the educational organization seeking what could, within it, promote the linking of learning situations (apprenticeship) and the transfers of knowledge. The results of this analysis showed that the existing organization was not conductive to the transfers of knowledge taught in working situation as may be the case in many sandwich courses. Then, in close collaboration with the persons in charge of the training and the teachers knowing best the program and the missions of the apprentices in company, we developed, by basing ourselves on the concept of boundary-object, a new tool allowing to make links between types of tasks realized in company and types of knowledge taught at the IUT (UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY). This new tool was tested and experimented on several cases of students in apprenticeship in company during various periods. The aim was to vary the types of context and tutor profiles to test the ability of the tool to operate in different types of activity systems with different types of actors. On the basis of the studied cases, the tests and the experiments realized in real life situation revealed that our tool answered unmistakably a need and was warmly welcomed in particular by the apprenticeship masters, the apprentices and the academic tutors, the main beneficiaries of this boundary-object. In the cases studied, it allowed to enrich the entrusted mission, to further clarify the steps and resources needed for the apprentice’s work and to foster the exchange time on the knowledge and tools taught at UIT (UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY) that may be relevant to the achievement of the activities in a company.The experiment shows however, that its use is complex and based a lot on the ability of the academic tutors to clarify the functioning to the apprenticeship masters and to make use of the tool in situation. The last part of the thesis reports the work realized to integrate this support tool for the transfer into the educational organization of the training. Since September, 2012, it is officially part of the tools for monitoring and evaluation of the apprentices in working situation.

二十一世紀企業的價值不再僅止於帳面資產所反映的價值，許多無形資產所隱藏的價值更甚於有形資產，這部份即是所謂的智慧資本，其中又以人力資本最為重要，尤其在二十一世紀的知識經濟時代，更須正視「人」所扮演的角色，因為人所具備的知識、技術與能力，已成為企業競爭優勢的來源。近幾年來，台灣資訊電子業之所以能蓬勃發展的主要原因即在於具備了技術密集與知識密集的特性，本研究有鑒於人力資本的重要性日增，而技術又是資訊電子業的關鍵成功因素，因此擬探討技術人力資本強度是否對公司經營績效有顯著的正向影響。 　　本研究以我國資訊電子業之57家上市上櫃公司1991年至2000年共241個觀察值為樣本，蒐集公司內部技術人員人數之實際資料，運用實證分析方法，探討技術人力資本強度與公司經營績效間的關聯，並將研究發展強度、員工薪資報酬水準、員工生產力、公司規模這四個公司特性一並納入分析。 　　實證結果顯示，無論以資產報酬率或權益報酬率衡量經營績效，皆與技術人力資本強度呈顯著正相關，且無論是以營業利益、營業毛利、稅前息前淨利、稅前淨利或稅後淨利計算報酬率，結果均支持本研究的假說。至於其他公司特性方面，除公司規模外，研究發展強度、員工薪資報酬水準及員工生產力多與經營績效呈正相關，亦符合本研究的預期。 　　此外，本研究亦探討技術人力資本的變動對經營績效的解釋程度，研究結果顯示，技術人員人數每增加10%，營業利益即增加4.4%，顯示技術人力資本不僅與公司經營績效有顯著正相關，當技術人員增加時，營業利益也會隨之增加，代表技術人員的人數對公司本業經營績效之影響相當大。另外，研究發現以營業毛利作為獲利的替代變數時，模式的解釋力(Adj-R2)最高，代表技術人員對公司經營績效的影響主要還是反映在製造成本與銷貨成本的降低。 　　本研究結果可供我國資訊電子業制定人力資源管理決策的參考，在全球競爭日益激烈的環境下，未來我國資訊電子業公司在人才的招募上，應提高技術人員所佔的比例，來增強本身在技術上的競爭力，進而提昇公司的經營績效。 / Management theory has gradually accepted that ‘hidden assets’ or most recently ‘intellectual capital’, especially human capital, increasingly play a major role for the survival of companies. With the coming of knowledge economy, knowledge and competence of employees have become the most important sources of competitive advantage. The reason why Taiwanese information and electronic industry has grown rapidly these years lies in the key factor of technology intensity and knowledge intensity. Since technology is the soul of this industry and technology must be realized directly through technicians, this study intends to examine the association between technical human capital intensity and corporate operating performance. 　　The sample used in this study consists of 57 information and electronic companies listed on TSE and ROSE from 1991 to 2000, totally 241 observations. We collect the data of number of technicians from Public Offering Prospectus. This study uses multi-regression model as the empirical method to test the hypothesis that the technical human capital intensity and corporate operating performance are positively related. In addition, we include R&D intensity, labor compensation level, labor productivity and company scale as the subordinate independent variables. 　　Our results provide strong evidence that higher technical human capital intensity leads to better operating performance. Besides, when the gross profit is used to measure profitability, the Adj-R2 of the model achieves 50%, which means the major impact of technicians on corporate performance is reflected in the reduction of manufacturing costs or cost of goods sold. We also investigate more about how the variation of technical human capital influences the operating performance. The result shows that when the number of technicians increases 10%, the operating income increases 4.4%. As for other subordinate variables, R&D intensity, labor compensation level and labor productivity are all significantly positively related to operating performance.

[Truncated abstract] Objective: To investigate the demographics, success rate of application, nature and frequency of complication and the survival outcome of patients receiving advanced airway management in the pre-hospital setting. Design: Prospective observational cohort study. Participants: Patients who were attended to by St. John Ambulance Paramedics in the Perth Metropolitan area and selected regional areas within Western Australia. The patients were unconscious, unresponsive with no gag reflex and where application of an advanced airway would improve ventilation. Methods: Ambulance Paramedics received mannequin training within the classroom environment on the techniques for the application of the Endo-Tracheal Tube and the Laryngeal Mask Airway. The indication for the application of an advanced airway was any patient whose ventilation may be improved by intubation. These patients would be either deeply unconscious and areflexic, long term transport, severely injured (especially head injured) or cardiac arrest patients. Results: ... Paramedic assessment demonstrated that 14 (7.4%) 3 patients had an improvement in outcome. Of the 14 patients, 5 (2.7%) cardiac arrest patients survived to discharge from hospital compared to a 2.1 % survival rate for all cardiac arrest cases attended by the WAAS in 2002. Conclusion: Ambulance Paramedics can successfully apply an advanced airway apparatus in the pre-hospital environment. There was no statistical significance to demonstrate whether the introduction of advanced airway skills was beneficial or detrimental to patient survival outcome.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:44:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4947.pdf: 495348 bytes, checksum: 20636957c425c91ea0904bf1142941f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The socio educational correctional services in open prison regimes are regulated by the National System of Socio Educational Support and by the Child and Adolescent Statute, and they aim for the social recovery of adolescents from 12 to 18 years old that have committed an infraction. In order to fulfill these services, it has to be taken into account the technicians, important actors in the way the work will be executed. This study aims on mapping the services of socio educational correctional measures in open prison regimes of the State of São Paulo in municipalities with populations of 100 thousand habitants and above, intending on distinguishing such services and its technical teams, as well as to calculate the amount of occupational therapists involved in them. Having past calculating the total number of these professionals, it has prioritized getting to know the practices and perceptions in regard of the role played by occupational therapists in socio educational correctional measures. In order to support the mapping, there have been used the data made available by the Coordination of Social Action of the State of São Paulo and the Regional Directorates of Social Support and Development. After possessing the reports of the 75 municipalities researched in the State of São Paulo with 100 thousand habitants or more, the coordinators of the services have been asked to answer a questionnaire to illustrate its environments and technical teams. Thus, through mapping, it has been possible to count eight active occupational therapists in the socio educational correction measures. These professionals have been individually interviewed in a single meeting, which, therefore, made possible to document their perceptions and practices in regard of the role played by occupational therapy in this field. It has been verified that, in the majority of the municipalities, these services have been done by the Centers of Specialized Reference on Social Support, which generate discussions about how is the best way of doing them. In regard of the technical actors, there is a predominance of psychologists and social workers within the teams, which goes against the ideal of multiprofessional teams intended by the field s legislations. In addition to that, these professionals have presented educational backgrounds directed to clinical areas. In consideration of that, the study points to the necessity of a perspective that is also directed to a broader dimension of the problems lived by these teenagers that are in conflict with the law, and are mostly originated by social reasons. The occupational therapists inserted in the referred socio educational corrective measures in open prison regimes experience situations that are similar to the ones lived by the other technical workers in general, including the contradiction in regard of the role played by them. In spite of not existing any particularity that is exclusive to this profession in these services, there have been verified that it brings very significant contributions, particularly in relation with its capacity of working amongst many knowledge areas, and in relation to its ability of coordinating groups, as well as being able to use activities as means of linking and intervening with the assisted population. It has also been verified a demand from the interviewed participants of discussing the socio educational measures and occupational therapy. / Os serviços de medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto são regulamentados pelo Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo e pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e são destinados à reintegração social do adolescente, considerado aquele com idade entre 12 e 18 anos, que tenha cometido ato infracional. Para a execução do referido trabalho têm-se os técnicos, atores importantes na forma em que este será realizado. O presente estudo objetivou mapear os serviços de medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto, do Estado de São Paulo, em municípios que apresentam a sua população acima de 100 mil habitantes, com o intuito de caracterizar tais serviços e suas equipes técnicas, bem como obter o total de terapeutas ocupacionais neles inseridos. A partir do total desses profissionais, visou-se caracterizá-los e conhecer suas práticas e percepções acerca do papel do terapeuta ocupacional nas medidas socioeducativas. Para a realização do mapeamento, contamos com os dados disponíveis na Coordenadoria de Ação Social do Estado de São Paulo e nas Diretorias Regionais de Assistência e Desenvolvimento Social. Em posse da listagem contendo os 75 municípios do Estado de São Paulo que apresentam sua população maior do que 100 mil habitantes e seus contatos, foi solicitado aos coordenadores dos serviços que respondessem a um questionário, que abordou sobre a caracterização dos locais e da equipe técnica. Por meio deste mapeamento, foi possível obter a totalidade de oito terapeutas ocupacionais atuantes nas medidas socioeducativas, as quais foram entrevistadas individualmente em um único encontro com cada, o que possibilitou registrar, assim, suas percepções e práticas acerca da atuação da terapia ocupacional neste campo. Foi verificado que, na maioria dos municípios, esses serviços têm sido executados pelos Centros de Referência Especializado em Assistência Social, o que engendra discussões neste campo sobre qual a melhor forma de fazê-lo. Quanto aos técnicos, há uma predominância de psicólogos e assistentes sociais nas equipes, em contrariedade à noção de equipe multiprofissional proposta pela legislação da área, sendo que tais profissionais têm apresentado formações voltadas para áreas clínicas, sob uma perspectiva mais centrada no indivíduo. Nesse sentido, aponta-se para a necessidade de uma perspectiva que esteja também direcionada a uma dimensão ampliada das problemáticas que vivenciam os adolescentes em conflito com a lei, as quais são, principalmente, de natureza social. As terapeutas ocupacionais inseridas nas medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto vivenciam situações que se equiparam às dos técnicos em geral, inclusive na contradição acerca dos papéis que desempenham. Apesar de não haver uma particularidade exclusiva dessa profissão nesses serviços, constatamos que ela traz contribuições bastante significativas, principalmente relacionadas à sua capacidade de transitar entre diversas áreas de conhecimento, à sua habilidade em coordenar grupos e ao uso de atividades como um elemento meio para vinculação e intervenção com a população atendida. Verificou-se também a presença de uma demanda, por parte das entrevistadas participantes, em discutir sobre as medidas socioeducativas e a terapia ocupacional.

Background: Changing service demands require United Kingdom ambulance services to redefine their role and response strategies, in order to reduce unnecessary Emergency Department attendances. Treat and Refer guidelines have been developed with this aim in mind. However, these guidelines have been developed in the absence of reliable evidence or guiding mid-range theory. This has resulted in inconsistencies in clinical practice. One condition frequently included in Treat and Refer guidelines is hypoglycaemia. Therefore this thesis aimed to investigate prehospital hypoglycaemic emergencies in order to develop an evidence base for future interventions and guideline development. Research approach: A pragmatic and inductive applied health services research approach was employed. Multiple methods were used in a sequential explanatory design. Three linked studies were undertaken with the results of previous studies informing the development of the next. Study one: A scoping review of prehospital treatment of hypoglycaemic events. Aims: i) To describe the demographics of the patient population requiring ambulance service assistance for hypoglycaemic emergencies; ii) To determine the extent to which post-hypoglycaemic patients with diabetes, who are prescribed oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA), experience repeat hypoglycaemic events (RHE) after being treated in the prehospital environment. Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted using an overlapping retrieval strategy that included both published and unpublished literature. Findings: Twenty-three papers and other relevant material were included. Hypoglycaemia related ambulance calls account for 1.3% to 5.2% of ambulance calls internationally. Transportation rates varied between studies (25%-73%). Repeat hypoglycaemic emergencies are experienced by 2-7% of patients within 48 hours. There was insufficient detail to determine any relationship between repeat events and OHA. The low quality of included papers means that the results should be cautiously interpreted. The safety of leaving patients on OHA at home post hypoglycaemic emergency is unknown. Consequently patients taking OHAs who experience a hypoglycaemic emergency should be transported to hospital for observation. There was a lack of knowledge about the Scottish demographics of the patient population. Study two: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study of diabetes related emergency calls. Aims: To investigate i) the patient demographics and characteristics of hypoglycaemia related emergency calls; ii) the incidence of repeat hypoglycaemic events; and iii) the factors associated with emergency calls that result in individuals being left at home. Methods: A retrospective observational cross-sectional study conducted using Medical Priority Dispatch System® call data from West of Scotland Ambulance Control Centre over a 12 month period. Data were extracted on age, gender, dispatch code, time of call, deprivation category, and immediate outcome (home or hospital). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine predictors of remaining at home. Findings: 1319 calls for hypoglycaemia were received. Patient demographics were similar to the scoping review findings. Most patients remained at home (N = 916 vs N = 380; p < .001). RHE’s were experience by 3.1% within 48 hours, and 10.6% within two weeks. The most significant independent predictor for patients remaining at home was a prior call to the ambulance service (OR of 2.4 [95%CI 1.5 to 3.7]). Patients’ reasons for remaining at home and the causes of subsequent severe events are unknown. It is likely that non-clinical factors may explain some of this behaviour. Study 3: Investigating patients’ experiences of prehospital hypoglycaemic care. Aim: To investigate the experiences of patients who are attended by ambulance clinicians for a hypoglycaemic emergency. Methods: In-depth interviews with adults with diabetes who had recently experienced a hypoglycaemic emergency treated by ambulance clinicians. Participants were recruited from Greater Glasgow and Clyde and Lanarkshire Health Board areas. Data were analysed using Framework Analysis. Findings: Twenty six patients were interviewed. Three key themes were developed. Firstly, an explanation for help seeking behaviour; patients’ impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia as well as the inability of friends and relatives to cope can contribute to an ambulance call-out. Secondly, the perceptions of ambulance service care; patients felt the service provided was good; however ambulance clinicians’ advice was inconsistent. Thirdly, the influences on uptake of follow-up care; patient preferences for follow-up care were influenced by previous experiences of home, hospital and primary care. Post-hoc analysis identified three psychological theories that may explain these findings and provide a useful basis for intervention development: Common Sense Model (Leventhal et al, 1998); Health Belief Model (Rosenstock, 1966); Ley’s cognitive hypothesis model of communication (Ley and Llewelyn, 1995; 1981). Conclusion: Most people treated for severe hypoglycaemia by ambulance clinicians remain at home and do not follow-up their care. A few experience repeat hypoglycaemic emergencies. Key causal, but modifiable factors, contributing to this include:- impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia; inconsistent delivery of ambulance clinician referral advice; and patients’ perceptions of the costs and benefits of follow-up care. Ambulance services cannot address all these factors in isolation. The studies in this thesis have generated an evidence base and identified plausible candidate theories. This will support the future development of novel interventions to improve severe hypoglycaemic emergency follow-up.

Submitted by Fabiany Feitosa (fabiany.sousa@ufba.br) on 2016-09-15T19:52:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Passos, Maria D'Ajuda costa.pdf: 2163832 bytes, checksum: 725befa5094c2709ad28715aebb9a6b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Angela Dortas (dortas@ufba.br) on 2016-10-21T16:56:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Passos, Maria D'Ajuda costa.pdf: 2163832 bytes, checksum: 725befa5094c2709ad28715aebb9a6b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T16:56:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Passos, Maria D'Ajuda costa.pdf: 2163832 bytes, checksum: 725befa5094c2709ad28715aebb9a6b2 (MD5) / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal identificar a percepção dos técnicos administrativos em educação acerca da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho, nos contextos da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco e do Instituto Federal do-Sertão Pernambucano. A pesquisa é definida como descritiva, tendo utilizado metodologias quantitativas e qualitativas. O modelo conceitual que norteou esse trabalho foi o biopsicossocial e organizacional (BPSO) de Limongi-França (1996). O instrumento utilizado na pesquisa foi idealizado pela mesma autora e adaptado para o contexto do serviço público. Também foram utilizadas como técnicas de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada e a análise documental. A análise quantitativa foi realizada por meio de análises descritivas, análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, enquanto os dados qualitativos foram analisados através da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados identificaram que os servidores se encontram moderadamente satisfeitos, com resultados significativamente diferentes entre as instituições. O confronto da percepção dos servidores com as práticas de gestão apontaram um desalinhamento entre as expectativas dos servidores e o que é possível ser ofertado pelas instituições, reforçando a importância de um diálogo. Existe um maior interesse na temática Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho por parte dos setores ligados à saúde do servidor, porém ainda é limitada à influência da Política de Atenção à Saúde e Segurança do Trabalho do Servidor Público Federal, ao passo que a Política Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Pessoal mostrou uma influência mais abrangente. Evidencia-se a ausência de um programa em Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho nos dois órgãos, mas os resultados mostram caminhos, apontados pelos próprios servidores, a serem tomados nesse sentido. Ressalta-se que o tema ainda se manifesta de forma ocasional em práticas pontuais, indicando a importância de a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho avançar como um tema estrategicamente pensado e comum a toda instituição e reforça a importância de estudos que dirimam os entraves para a construção coletiva de um modelo em Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho na administração pública, e que contemplem satisfatoriamente todas as dimensões estudadas. / This research aimed to identify the perception of administrative federal employees in education about the Quality of Life at Work (QLW) in the Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco and Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sertão Pernambucano contexts. This research is defined as exploratory and descriptive by using quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The conceptual model that guided this work was the biopsychosocial and organizational (BPSO-96) from Limongi-France (1996). The instrument used in the research was designed by the same author and adapted to the public service reality. Moreover, they were also used as data collection techniques the semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Quantitative analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that the federal employees are moderately satisfied, but also pointed to a significantly difference in the results between the two institutions. The confront of the federal employees' perceptions about management practices indicated a misalignment between the expectations of these employees and what can be offered by the institutions, reinforcing the importance of a dialogue. There is a greater interest in the subject Quality of Life at Work by the sectors related to employee's health, but the Health Care Policy is still limited to them, while the National Personal Development Policy showed a wider influence. The absence of a Quality of Life at Work program in the two institutes is evdente, but the results show paths indicated by the employees themselves to be taken accordingly. It is emphasized that the issue also manifests itself occasionally on specific practices, indicating the importance of Quality of Life at Work to advance as a strategically thought out theme common to every institution and reinforces the importance of studies that settle barriers to the collective construction of a Quality of Life at Work model in public administration and that satisfactorily address all of the studied dimensions.

Since the advent of democracy in 1994 South Africa has been faced with the shortage of skilled people and this is caused, amongst other things, by the inadequacy of the outdated National Education Programmes for Technical Colleges (NATED) and later referred to as the N-programmes. To address the problem, the former Department of Education (DoE) developed new programmes called the National Certificate Vocational NC (V) for the students of the Further Education and Training colleges (FETs), which were renamed the Technical Vocational Educational and Training Colleges (TVET). The TVET programmes were implemented with the collaboration of industry and other stakeholders who were involved when the NC (V) programmes were developed to ensure their buy-in. Despite all these efforts, Magnus et al. (2013) are of the view that the vocationally-oriented NC (V) programmes offered at colleges are not useful, work-focused and flexible, as a result some leading employers reject the products of the programmes. Returning to the global debate, Lewis (2009) contends that failure of vocational programmes anywhere ought not to be taken as an indictment of vocationalism. Based on the above scenario, this study surveyed and traced TVET graduates who graduated from 2009 to 2012, to determine the impact of the NC (V) programme on those who decided to either further their studies or be employed. Although the programmes offered by the FET’s are rolled out in various study fields throughout the country, the research was limited to graduates who were enrolled in the following three programmes in the North West Province: building construction, electrical, and engineering related studies. The three mega FET Colleges, composed of more than ten campuses as listed in point 1.2.1, are spread throughout the province, which is regarded to be predominantly rural even though it boasts the biggest hub of mines, especially platinum mines. There is also high concentration of tourism industry as well as agricultural businesses that require a skilled labour force to drive economic activities. An extensive literature review was conducted to appropriately inform the study and to provide a firm basis for the arguments. The NC (V) programmes by their nature and design are closely related to the work of the Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs) with respect to the apprenticeships and the learnerships. Factors relating to the research scope, context and the geographical environment were analysed to ensure proper delineation and delimitation of the study since it covered only the North West Province of South Africa. The study used both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies for the collection of data. An interview schedule was used for the collection of the qualitative data from the Colleges, Department of Higher Education and Training, the Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs), the Universities of Technologies (UoTs), and the various employer organizations. The questionnaire was applied to collect quantitative data from the graduates because of their large numbers. The use of both methods, the qualitative and quantitative, enhanced the quality of the verification and the validation of the data. The correlational relationship and connection between the NC (V) graduates and their post college destinations was determined. This refers to the correlation between NC (V) graduates and the opportunities seized after their college studies. Charles (1998:11) attests that “although in most cases data for correlation studies are obtained through measurement, at times they come from judgments made by researchers, teachers, or other qualified persons”. In line with this, the researcher presented the findings from the qualitative method in a manner that outlines the opinions and the post college status of the graduates. The findings of the qualitative method provided background knowledge into the NC (V) programmes, the graduates and their destinations, thereby validating the quantitative findings. A work integrated learning framework model is proposed for the enhancement of the FET College curriculum, for the improvement of quality work-placement and for the promotion of partnership amongst the beneficiaries; graduates, employers, colleges and the intermediaries. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-01T18:07:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS MP JOELMA BARBOSA.2010.pdf: 602218 bytes, checksum: 5ad176cc003a74f70173d65069a68408 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-02T17:39:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS MP JOELMA BARBOSA.2010.pdf: 602218 bytes, checksum: 5ad176cc003a74f70173d65069a68408 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-02T17:39:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS MP JOELMA BARBOSA.2010.pdf: 602218 bytes, checksum: 5ad176cc003a74f70173d65069a68408 (MD5) / A descentralização é adotada como política de governo a partir da Constituição de 1988 e sua implementação no Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS têm apontado obstáculos e resistências. O Ministério da Saúde define descentralização como redistribuição de recursos e responsabilidades entre os entes federados. Nesse sentido, a responsabilidade pela execução finalística das políticas públicas, ficaria concentrada na esfera municipal, cabendo às esferas, estadual e federal apenas as ações de maior complexidade técnica ou política. A Escola de Formação Técnica do SUS-Ba Prof. Jorge Novis- EFTS vem atuando na gestão educacional e coordenando os cursos descentralizados em todo o Estado, tendo como recurso de acompanhamento as práticas de supervisão. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o modelo de gestão dos cursos de formação técnica em Agente Comunitário em Saúde realizada pela EFTS, nos diversos municípios do Estado, sobretudo quanto a sua descentralização e o acompanhamento do trabalho da supervisão descentralizada. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória de natureza qualitativa que utiliza elementos teóricos metodológicos sobre descentralização, supervisão e gestão escolar. Na produção dos dados utilizou-se fontes secundárias através da revisão documental, e, primárias, através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados revelaram que o modelo de gestão caracteriza-se como descentralização administrativa, ou desconcentração se configurando na prática como descentralização da organização curricular. O estudo revelou desigualdades entre as regiões, pesquisadas: problemas pedagógicos, administrativo-gerenciais, políticos e financeiros, exigindo do corpo de supervisão habilidades de gerencia de ensino, maior conhecimento do processo educativo-político-pedagógico-gerencial, protagonismo na articulação da Educação Permanente em Saúde no SUS com da Educação Profissional de Nível Médio, gerando necessidades de qualificação dos profissionais para nortear as ações. Alguns desafios estão postos para a gestão escolar, quais sejam: parcerias com outros canais e órgãos colegiados, não apenas na área da saúde; planejamento compartilhado e consolidado através de instrumento legal com municípios; comunicação estruturada num sistema eficiente e eficaz de informação e informatização; aumentar a capilaridade e efetividade das ações da Educação Profissional no Estado e potencializar o desenvolvimento da consciência crítica nos processos educativos e de gestão.

Este estudo abordou o contexto de uma engrenagem macropolítica, na qual o poder dominante (representado pela indústria farmacêutica) se articula à indústria do conhecimento, condicionando construção e divulgação de conhecimento biomédico à mesma lógica da produção e distribuição capitalista de mercadorias. A indústria farmacêutica tem investido em projetos de pesquisas clínicas, com o objetivo de legitimar, cientificamente, seus produtos. A investigação deste papel financiador de ensaios clínicos baseou-se nos depoimentos de quatro médicos, professores de Medicina, coparticipantes de projetos da indústria farmacêutica. Os resultados evidenciaram que os protocolos das pesquisas são elaborados pela própria indústria, sem participação do médico colaborador; o acesso à íntegra dos dados coletados é de exclusividade dos coordenadores centrais da pesquisa; e, os resultados dos ensaios, apresentados através de resumos, são previamente submetidos a critérios de seleção de dados. Com o objetivo de articular saber médico a expectativas de mercado, o poder dominante se exerce através de técnicas de poder (estratégias de marketing), atribuindo aos médicos o papel de técnicos de poder, a serviço de seus interesses. Essa relativização de valores clama por uma crítica revisão ética. / This study is an approach to the macro-political engine where the dominant power (represented by the pharmaceutical industry) articulates with the knowledge industry promoting the construction and transmission of a biomedical knowledge with the same logic production and distribution of capitalist commodities. The pharmaceutical companies have been investing in clinical research projects with the intention to scientifically legitimate its products. The investigation of the financial role of these clinical trials was based on the interviews with four physicians who are also medicine professors engaged in these pharmaceutical projects. The results showed that the research protocols are elaborated by the pharmaceutical industry without the participation of the engaged doctors; the whole access to the research data is only available to the main research supervisors and the results are submitted to previous data selection. The dominant power of the pharmaceutical industry is exercised through market power techniques. It establishes a technical power position to the physicians enrolled in the research who are also in service of the industries interests. This relativistic approach concerning health values claims for a critical and ethical revision.

Um tema pouco estudado na literatura, mas frequentemente encontrado por empresas prestadoras de serviço, é o Problema de Escalonamento de Técnicos de Campos (Field Technician Scheduling Problem). O problema consiste em associar um número de tarefas - em diversos locais, com diferentes prioridades e com janelas de tempo - a uma quantidade de técnicos - com diferentes horários de expediente e com habilidades distintas - que saem no início do horário de trabalho da sede da empresa, para onde devem retornar antes do fim do expediente. Cada tarefa é atendida por um único técnico. Esse problema é estudado neste trabalho. A primeira parte do trabalho apresenta um modelo de programação linear inteira mista (PLIM) e, dada a complexidade do problema, heurísticas construtivas e meta-heurísticas foram desenvolvidas. Na função objetivo, procura-se principalmente maximizar o número ponderado de tarefas executadas em um dia de trabalho, de acordo com as suas prioridades. Em linhas gerais, as heurísticas construtivas ordenam as tarefas de acordo com um critério pré-estabelecido e, em seguida, designam cada uma a um dos técnicos capazes de realiza-la sem violar as restrições do problema. Tendo em conta o bom desempenho obtido em outros problemas semelhantes, foi adotado um Algoritmo Genético denominado Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithms (BRKGA), que utiliza chaves aleatórias para codificar e decodificar as soluções. Codificadores e decodificadores adaptados ao problema foram desenvolvidos e testes computacionais são apresentados. As soluções obtidas em problemas de pequenas dimensões são comparadas com as soluções ótimas conhecidas e, para aprimorar a avaliação do desempenho nas instâncias médias e grandes, quatro procedimentos para obter limitantes superiores foram propostos. Testes computacionais foram realizados em 1040 instâncias. O BRKGA encontrou 99% das 238 soluções ótimas conhecidas e, nas 720 instâncias de dimensões médias e grandes, ficou em média a 3,8% dos limitantes superiores. As heurísticas construtivas superaram uma heurística construtiva da literatura em 90% das instâncias. A segunda parte do trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem para o Problema de Escalonamento de Técnicos de Campo: um modelo biobjetivo, onde uma segunda função objetivo buscará que as tarefas prioritárias sejam realizadas o mais cedo possível. Uma versão multiobjectivo do BRKGA foi desenvolvida, considerando diversas estratégias para classificar a população do algoritmo e escolher as melhores soluções (estratégias de elitismo). Codificadores e decodificadores foram criados para o problema multiobjectivo. Os resultados computacionais obtidos são comparados com os resultados de um Algoritmo Genético conhecido na literatura, o Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II). Para instâncias de pequenas dimensões, os resultados da meta-heurística proposta também são comparados com a fronteira ótima de Pareto de 234 instâncias, obtidas por enumeração completa. Em média, o BRKGA multiobjectivo encontrou 94% das soluções da fronteira ótima de Pareto e, nas instâncias médias e grandes, superou o desempenho do NSGA-II nas medidas de avaliação adotadas (porcentagem de soluções eficientes, hipervolume, indicador epsílon e cobertura). / An important topic in service companies, but little studied until now, is the field technician scheduling problem. In this problem, technicians have to execute a set of jobs or service tasks. Technicians have different skills and working hours. Tasks are in different locations within a city, with different time windows, priorities, and processing times. Each task is executed by only one technician. This problem is addressed in this thesis. The first part of the research presents the mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) and, due to the complexity of this problem, constructive heuristics and metaheuristics were proposed. The objective function is to maximize the sum of the weighted performed tasks in a day, based on the priority of tasks. In general terms, in the proposed constructive heuristics, jobs are ordered according to a criterion and, after that, tasks are assigned to technicians without violating constraints. A Genetic Algorithm (the Biases Randon Key Genetic Algorithm - -RKGA) is applied to the problem, based on its success in similar problems; the BRKGA uses random keys and a decoder transforms each chromosome of the Genetic Algorithm into a feasible solution of the problem. Decoders and encoders adapted to the problem were developed and computational tests are presented. A comparison between the solutions of the heuristic methods and optimal solutions values was also conducted for small instances and, to analyze medium and large instances, four upper bound models were proposed. Computational experiments with 1040 instances were carried out. The BRKGA reached 99% of the 238 optimal solutions and, for 720 medium and large instances, the average upper bound gap was 3,8%. Constructive heuristics overcame a heuristic of the literature in 90% of the instances. The second part of this research presents a new approach of the Field Technician Scheduling Problem: a multiobjective model, with a second objective function to execute the priority tasks as soon as possible. A multiobjective BRKGA was developed, with different strategies to classify the Genetic Algorithm population and to select the elite solutions (elite strategies). Decoders and encoders were developed for the multiobjective problem too. The results were compared with a known Genetic Algorithm, the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II). For 234 small instances, the results were compared with the Pareto optimal solutions, obtained by complete enumeration. On average, the BRKGA found 94% of the Pareto optimal solutions and, for 720 medium and large instances, outperformed the NSGA-II by means of the measures adopted (percentage of efficient solutions, hypervolume, epsilon and coverage).