Our demands on services and availability increases at the same time as the society gets more urbanized and more people tends to commute. In order to facilitate the consumer, technology based self-service (TBSS) stores might survive and thrive. This thesis had a focus on finding out the general public's perception on TBSS stores and how they perceive the availability even if it is unmanned. The extended marketing mix contains people as a means of competition and we wanted to investigate whether this competitive mean could be ruled out which would mean that the extended marketing mix needs to be revised. In order to find out the people's perception of the TBSS concept a short enquiry were constructed containing three questions. People from Uppsala central station and four countryside towns, corresponding to two percent of the population, answered this enquiry. In order to collect data for information concerning establishment a factor rating method with five chosen factors were performed. From the results of the enquiry we found that the majority of the respondents have a positive attitude towards TBSS, which means that the competitive mean people are not critical when it comes to consumer perception of accessibility; conclusion from this is that the extended marketing mix needs to be revised. The products that was stated most frequently were edible goods followed by ticket and fuel services. The analysis using the factor rating method exemplifies a way for companies to compare differents places for establishment from various chosen factors. / Våra krav på service och tillgänglighet ökar samtidigt som samhället urbaniseras och fler pendlar mellan hemmet och arbetet. För att underlätta för konsumenten skulle en teknologibaserad självservice (TBSS) butik kunna fungera. Rapporten ämnade att ta reda på konsumenters inställning till en TBSS butik och hur de upplever tillgängligheten även om butiken är obemannad. Vi utgår från McCarthy (1960) marknadsmix med de fyra konkurrensmedel produkt, plats, pris, och promota. Marknadsmixen har sedan utökats för att även innehålla flera konkurrensmedel med personal som ett av dessa. Vi ville undersöka om konkurrensmedlet personal kan uteslutas vilket skulle innebära en revidering av den utökade marknadsmixen. För att ta reda på konsumenters inställning till TBSS konceptet utformades en kort enkät innehållande tre frågor (nuvarande serviceutbud, varor och tjänster samt inställning till obemannad självservice). Denna enkät fick resenärer på resecentrum och boende på fyra landsbygdsorter, motsvarande två procent av populationen, svara på muntligt. En analys med hjälp av faktorvärdesmetod utfördes av fem utvalda faktorer för att ge data till en observationsstudie rörande etablering. Från resultaten av enkätstudien upptäcktes att merparten av respondenterna var positivt inställda till TBSS, vilket innebär att konkurrensmedlet personal inte är avgörande när det kommer till konsumenters uppfattning av tillgänglighet; detta innebär att den utökade marknadsmixen behöver revideras. De produkter som främst angavs var ätbara följt av biljett- och drivmedelstjänster. Analysen med hjälp av faktorvärdesmetoden exemplifierar på ett tydligt sätt hur företag kan jämföra olika etableringsplatser utifrån olika faktorer.

O valor das pequenas e médias empresas de base tecnológica para a economia local brasileira é amplamente reconhecido como essencial para a atividade empresarial, a criação de postos de trabalho qualificados, e inovação com grande potencial no mercado, contribuindo para a dinâmica da economia. Além disso, essas empresas fomentam o processo de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico em uma sociedade, além de estreitar as relações entre os diversos setores da economia. Desse modo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a forma como o processo de inovação tecnológica ocorre em pequenas e médias empresas de base tecnológica localizadas na Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. O referencial teórico utilizado é composto por cinco modelos de inovação: modelo linear de inovação (Scienc push), modelo linear reverso de inovação (demand pull),the coupling model, modelo de interações em cadeia, e modelo sistêmico. A abordagem metodológica utilizada foi o estudo de caso múltiplo qualitativo. Os dados foram coletados com de entrevistas semiestruturadas e a análise ocorreu para cada caso, e fazendo uma comparação em busca de semelhanças e diferenças, levando à formação de resultados válidos. A amostra foi composta por quatro pequenas e médias empresas das cidades da Região Metropolitana do Vale do Paraíba e Litoral Norte. Como resultado da observação de modelos de desenvolvimento de inovação adotados pelas empresas, verifica-se que o modelo se aproximava do que foi proposto no modelo de interações em cadeia. O desenvolvimento da inovação depende do segmento em que a empresa opera e das interações que possui com ambiente interno e externo. Foi possível concluir que a PMEBT não inova de maneira sistemática, mas de modo intuitivo e muito centrado nas ideias de seus fundadores. Inova focando tanto no atendimento aos requisitos dos clientes quanto nas necessidades observadas no mercado. A formação de parcerias ainda é vista com receio pelos dirigentes e proprietários. / The value of small and medium technology-based enterprises for Brazilian for local economy is widely recognized as essential to entrepreneurial activity, creating skilled jobs and innovation with great potential in the market, contributing to a dynamic the economy. In addition, these enterprises encourage the process of science and technology development in a society and narrow down the relationships between various sectors of the economy. Thereby, this paper aims to study how the technological innovation process occurs in technology-based small and medium enterprises located in Metropolitan Region of Paraíba Valley and North Coast. The theoretical framework used is composed by five our models of innovation: linear model of innovation (Scienc push) , linear model of innovation reverse (demand pull), the model coupling, chain interactions model and the system model. The methodological approach used was the qualitative multiple case study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analysis occurred for each case and them making a comparison between the cases in search of similarities and differences leading to the formation of valid results. The sample consisted of four small and medium enterprises in the cities of the metropolitan region of the Paraíba Valley and North Coast. As a result of observation of innovative development models adopted by companies, it turns out that the model is closer to what was proposed in the chain interactions model. The development of innovation depends on the segment in which the company operates and the interactions it has with internal and external environment. It was concluded that the PMEBT does not innovate in a systematic way, but intuitively and very focused on the ideas of its founders . Inova is focusing on meeting the customer requirements and needs observed in the market . The formation of partnerships is still viewed warily by the leaders and owners.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-20T16:14:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Valter João De Sousa.pdf: 1653295 bytes, checksum: 3eb05d27ca8474fe394ad46030479d0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T16:14:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valter João De Sousa.pdf: 1653295 bytes, checksum: 3eb05d27ca8474fe394ad46030479d0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-08 / This thesis aimed to identify factors that explain the creation of small technology-based companies and their relation to the formation and survival of existing knowledge cluster in the city of Sao Jose dos Campos. The concept of knowledge has been discussed in various forms as well as the formation of a cluster of knowledge and some implications for local and national economies. The theme technological entrepreneurship and its inseparable relationship of knowledge and innovation, and Small Technology Based Companies (PEBTs) in forming a cluster of knowledge, were analyzed in order to contribute to the expansion of knowledge of the area. To achieve the objectives proposed in this study we chose a qualitative research, using as data collection techniques, a focal group and in-depth interviews, developed in three stages. In the first stage it was conducted five interviews with representatives of public, private and academic areas. The second stage was developed through a focus group with the participation of six people representing the academic, corporate, government and institutional environment. And the third step, in-depth interviews with ten entrepreneurs, owners of small technology-based companies (PEBTs). All data were recorded, transcribed and analyzed based on the technique of content analysis with the help of Atlas-ti software. As a result of research we could identify the factors involved in the creation of small technology-based companies and the formation and survival of knowledge cluster in São José dos Campos. The main results indicate the existence of two different ecosystems governing these processes: institutional ecosystem and cultural ecosystem factors beyond the technological entrepreneurship and scientific knowledge. The first ecosystem is critical to the creation of the cluster and can be induced by means of planned investment, regardless of the local development condition, and at a time defined by the investment level. The second ecosystem is composed of cultural elements and therefore the one that represents the biggest differences between the core countries and the peripheral countries and demand the adoption of longer-term strategies to overcome them, representing the biggest barrier to cluster survival. It is clear from the results that there is a cluster of expertise in São José dos Campos, whose characteristic that identifies compared to the success of clusters is their specialization in a sector that focuses high-tech, the aeronautical sector. The formation of the cluster of knowledge on the city allows the constant creation of new technologies and differentiation and recognition of the region as the holder of a knowledge capable of generating added sustainable development value, regardless of the number of barriers to formation of these clusters linked to intangible aspects such as culture, history, relationships, social rules, friends and family. / Esta tese teve como objetivo principal identificar os fatores que explicam a criação de pequenas empresas de base tecnológica e sua relação com a formação e sobrevivência de um cluster de conhecimento existente na cidade de São José dos Campos. O conceito de conhecimento foi discutido sob suas diversas formas, bem como a formação de um cluster de conhecimento e algumas implicações para as economias locais e nacionais. O tema empreendedorismo tecnológico e sua relação indissociável do conhecimento e da inovação, bem como as Pequenas Empresas de Base Tecnológica (PEBTs) na formação de um cluster de conhecimento, foram analisados como forma de contribuir com a ampliação do conhecimento da área. Para atingir os objetivos propostos este estudo optou-se por uma pesquisa qualitativa utilizando, como técnicas de coleta de dados, grupo focal e entrevistas em profundidade, desenvolvidas em três etapas. Na primeira etapa foram realizadas cinco entrevistas com representantes de áreas pública, privada e acadêmica. A segunda etapa foi desenvolvida por meio de um grupo focal, com a participação de seis pessoas representativas do meio acadêmico, empresarial, governamental e institucional. E, na terceira etapa, entrevistas em profundidade com dez empreendedores, proprietários de Pequenas Empresas de Base Tecnológica (PEBTs). Todos os dados foram gravados, transcritos e analisados com base na técnica de análise conteúdo com o auxilio do software Atlas-ti. Como resultado da pesquisa pode-se identificar os fatores envolvidos na criação de pequenas empresas de base tecnológicas e na formação e sobrevivência do cluster de conhecimento da cidade de São José dos Campos. Os principais resultados apontam para a existência de dois diferentes ecossistemas que regem esses processos: ecossistema institucional e ecossistema cultural, além dos fatores empreendedorismo tecnológico e conhecimento científico. O primeiro ecossistema é fundamental para a criação do cluster e é possível ser induzido por meio de investimento planejado, independente da condição de desenvolvimento local, e em um tempo definido pelo nível do investimento. O segundo ecossistema é composto por elementos culturais e, portanto, aquele que representa as maiores diferenças entre os países centrais e os países periféricos e demanda a adoção de estratégias de mais longo prazo para sua superação, representando a maior barreira para sobrevivência do cluster. Depreende-se dos resultados a existência de um cluster de conhecimento na cidade de São José dos Campos, cuja característica que o identifica comparativamente aos clusters de sucesso é a sua especialização em um setor que concentra alta tecnologia, o setor aeronáutico. A formação do cluster de conhecimento na cidade permite a constante criação de novas tecnologias, bem como diferenciação e o reconhecimento da região como detentora de um conhecimento capaz de gerar valor agregado e desenvolvimento sustentável, não obstante o conjunto de barreiras para sustentabilidade deste cluster, ligado aos aspectos intangíveis como: cultura, história, relacionamentos, regras sociais, amigos e família.

Esta dissertação se dedica à análise estratégica da contribuição das Incubadoras de Empresas de Base Tecnológica (IEBTs) localizadas no Estado de São Paulo para as suas empresas incubadas. Para isso foi realizada um revisão teórica sobre tipos de incubadoras de empresas no Brasil e no exterior. Esta revisão teórica foi complementada com a abordagem da VBR - Visão Baseada em Recursos, que entende que organizações são conjuntos de ativos que podem ser tangíveis e intangíveis e que é fundamental entender quais ativos são mais relevantes para a consecução dos objetivos estratégicos das organizações, no caso desta dissertação, das IEBTs localizadas no Estado de São Paulo, sendo os recursos estratégicos estudados conhecimento científico das universidades e centros de pesquisa e recursos financeiros. As hipóteses elaboradas a partir da revisão teórica partiram da premissa que ativos intangíveis como o conhecimento científico e a rede de relacionamentos estabelecida com universidades e centros de pesquisa constituem ativos estratégicos mais relevantes para fomentar a inovação em empresas incubadas em IEBTs do que os ativos tangíveis. Foram testadas as seguintes hipóteses: H1a- Empresas incubadas em IEBTs que possuem relacionamento com universidades e centros de pesquisa realizam um maior número de lançamento de novos produtos que empresas incubadas em IEBTs que não possuem relacionamento com universidades e centros de pesquisa. H1b - Quanto maior o número de acordos formais das IEBTs com universidades e centros de pesquisa, maior o número de lançamento de novos produtos pelas empresas incubadas; H2 - Quanto maior o financiamento de agências de fomento e órgãos externos a empresas incubadas em IEBTs, maior o número de lançamento de novos produtos. A metodologia envolveu um questionário estruturado enviado para 44 incubadoras, que, depois de classificadas com IEBTs ou não, foram reduzidas para 34 IEBTs, das quais 31 IEBTs participaram das etapas seguintes da pesquisa, que incluiu entrevistas pessoais com gestores e visitas a todas as 31 IEBTs. Foi aplicado também um survey ao universo de 461 empresas incubadas em IEBTs no Estado de São Paulo, que gerou uma amostra de 108 respondentes, que após a análise de missing data e outros foi reduzida para uma amostra de 100 empresas respondentes. Os testes estatísticos realizados apresentaram como principais resultados: IEBTs no Estado de São Paulo possuem maior relacionamento com universidades que com centros de pesquisa; o número de acordos formais em IEBTs é maior com centros de pesquisa que com universidades; empresas em IEBTs que se relacionam com centros de pesquisa lançam mais produtos que empresas em IEBTs que se relacionam com universidades; empresas incubadas financiadas pelo BNDES lançam mais produtos que empresas financiadas pelo CNPq e outras agências de fomento à pesquisa. Estes resultados são analisados à luz da teoria. / This dissertation is dedicated to the strategic analysis of the contribution of Technology Based Incubators (TBIs) in the State of São Paulo for their incubated companies. For this was held a theoretical review of types of business incubators in Brazil and abroad. This literature review was complemented with the approach of RBV - Resource-Based View, which proposes that organizations are sets of resources that can be tangible and intangible and it is essential to understand which resources are most relevant to the achievement of the strategic objectives of the organizations, in the case of this dissertation, the TBIs in the State of São Paulo, and strategic resources studied scientific knowledge from universities and research centers and financial resources. The hypotheses drawn from the literature review from the premise that intangible assets such as scientific knowledge and the network of relationships established with universities and research centers are the most important strategic assets to foster innovation in incubated companies in TBIs, in comparison with tangible assets. The following hypotheses were tested: H1 - In TBIs that have a relationship with universities and research centers incubated companies are launching more new products that incubated companies in TBIs that do not have a relationship with universities and research centers; H1b - The greater the number of formal agreements of TBIs with universities and research centers, the greater the number of new products released by the incubated companies; H2 - The higher the financing from funding agencies and others to the incubated companies in TBIs, the greater the number of new product launches. The methodology involved a structured questionnaire sent to 44 incubators, that after a first analysis were reduced to 34 TBIs, of which 31 TBIs participated in the following stages of the research, which included personal interviews with managers and visits to all 31 TBIs. It was also applied a survey to the universe of 461 companies incubated in TBIs in São Paulo, which generated a sample of 108 respondents, that after the missing data analysis was reduced to a sample of 100 respondents companies. Statistical tests showed as main results that: TBIs in São Paulo have more relationships with universities than with research centers; on the other side the number of formal agreements of TBIs is greater with research centers than with universities; incubated firms in TBIs relating with research centers launch more products that incubated firms in TBIs relating with universities; incubated companies financed by BNDES launch more products that incubated companies financed by CNPq and other agencies that support research. These results are analyzed in the light of the theory.

The author analyzed three different perspectives of the development of new technology-based firms (NTBFs) from the resource-based view. The first article discusses how the resource base impacts the internationalization behavior of German NTBFs. Some companies go international early, some internationalize only after a few years. We argued that the resource base is a substantial factor determining if a NTBF will internationalize or not. In the second article, we analyze how the resource base impacts the survival of German NTBFs. We argued that a lack of sufficient resources can lead to early business failure. We further state that the different resources are necessary to fulfill the requirements within the development phases of the NTBF. To broaden our perspective we combined the resource-based view with the market view. In the third article, we analyzed how the resource base impacts the business model innovation of NTBFs. The business model for NTBFs must often be tailored to fulfill the requirements of potential customers or to further grow the business. A sufficient resource base is necessary to be able to change the business model and buffer the transition phase.:1 Introduction 2 Research gap 3 Different themes on NTBF research 4 The resource-based perspective 5 Corresponding research project 6 Scientific contribution for the doctoral thesis 7 Further academic and practical contributions 8 Acknowledgement 9 Literature 10 Declaration of authorship 11 Appendix

The focus of this study is the problem of declining trend in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patient compliance. Studies reported improved compliance in patients with chronic diseases due to technology-based interventions. However, researchers have not investigated the advantages of technology to improve the compliance of OSA patients in detail. The specific problem was the lack of engagement between patients and healthcare managers, resulting in low compliance within OSA patients. The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate how technology-based interventions can improve OSA patient engagement with the healthcare managers resulting in improved compliance with treatment procedures. In this study, the technology acceptance model was used as the instrument in evaluating the information collected through interviews with 20 healthcare managers about their attitudes toward usage, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. The transcribed interviews were open-coded using the RQDA library in R Studio. In general, results from this study indicated that the healthcare managers showed a positive attitude towards the use of technology for patient engagement and expressed that the technology is useful for patient engagement and is easier to use. However, they identified technology-related and patient-related challenges in implementing technology for patient engagement. Further, the respondents identified process-related and patient-related opportunities in using technology for patient engagement. Results from this study have practice and policy implications by enabling healthcare managers to devise better compliance plans for OSA patient management. The findings could have a social benefit by helping healthcare managers to implement technology-based interventions to better achieve a higher compliance resulting in better patient health at lower costs.

The purpose of this study was to examine if the implementation of a technology-based music class in public high schools in the northeastern United States had any significant impact on the overall music department enrollment and on enrollment in traditional performance ensemble courses, such as band and chorus, as they are the courses most offered in high schools in the United States. The two phases of the study included identifying eligible schools and collecting data from schools. A six-year history of music department and school enrollment data was collected from participating schools (n = 12). Individual music classes in each school were categorized as Band, Chorus, Orchestra, Technology-based, or Other Music Classes. Results found a statistically significant increase in overall Music Department enrollment and no statistically significant change in enrollment in Band or Chorus after the implementation of a technology-based music class. Reductions in enrollment did occur in Other Music classes. No significant change to the number of teachers in music departments was found. This study suggests that implementing a technology-based music classes may help increase overall music department enrollment without negatively impacting enrollment in traditional performance ensembles and may not necessitate funding for additional faculty.

This thesis is about publicly funded support of technology-based ventures. These ventures are regarded as solutions to create growth and societal development. They are commonly originated from universities, institutes or other firms and their products or techniques are commonly new or at least different from the ordinary. They are therefore considered as being of higher risk than generic new firms, but if successful they may also give higher returns. Hence, a range of efforts has been undertaken to support them. However, concerning the issue of public support, gaps of research have been exposed. This thesis aims to give some answers on the question of what characterizes the public support given to technology-based ventures in Sweden. It elucidates two types of public support, the “configuration-type” and the “process-type” The first is studied by using statistical databases built upon the conditional loans and the innovation subsidies that were offered by Sweden Innovation Centre during the years 1994-2003. The second type concerns incubator support, and investigates how best practise incubators can be evaluated. Among the results, it can be mentioned that different support actors use different selection criteria depending on their goals, however the credibility of the applying venture is crucial for approval. Furthermore, a framework for best practice evaluation is developed. / <p>Report code: LiU-Tek-Lic 2005:72</p>

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