[pt] Esse estudo visa compreender o cotidiano de uma cena de uso de drogas, reconhecida pelo senso comum como cracolândia, a partir das narrativas de sujeitos que a frequentam. Nosso propósito foi analisar os sentidos atribuídos ao espaço da cena de uso de drogas na vida cotidiana destes sujeitos e como percebem as práticas de proteção social executadas pelo Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS) do território. O campo de pesquisa selecionado para nossa análise foi uma cracolândia localizada na zona norte do Rio de Janeiro, identificada como Bandeira II (BII). A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo utilizou-se de observação participante, diário de campo e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Como aporte analítico, utilizamos a interpretação dos sentidos atribuídos a este espaço, por seus sujeitos e pelos profissionais da Assistência Social que atuam nessa cena de uso, discutindo diversos aspectos e particularidades do complexo cotidiano repleto de múltiplas vivências. As percepções identificadas nas narrativas nos possibilitaram refletir sobre o cotidiano de vida na cena para além do uso da droga. A pesquisa nos permitiu concluir que a cracolândia é também espaço de encontros e um refúgio para aqueles que não têm para onde ir. Um espaço onde a subcidadania desses sujeitos aparece introjetada em suas falas, naturalizando a desigualdade social vivenciada diariamente. A prática da tenda demonstrou o reconhecimento da rua enquanto espaço público de proteção social, assim como seu potencial para o exercício da liberdade e da participação de seus sujeitos. / [en] This study seeks to understand the daily life of drug users in an area commonly known as a cracolandia, based on the narratives of those who use such space. Our goal is to analyze the meanings attributed to this site by the drug users and how they perceive the practices for protection provided by the Reference Center for Social Assistance (CREAS) in their area. The site selected for this study was a cracolandia located in the north zone of Rio de Janeiro identified as Bandeira II (BII). This qualitative study used participant observation and semi-structured interviews. We used, as an analytical approach, the interpretation of the meaning attributed to this space by the participants and by professionals from CREAS who worked at the site, discussing certain aspects and specificities about the complex daily life of these spaces. The perceptions identified in the narratives of the interviewees made it possible for us to reflect about the daily life of drug users in that space, beyond the lenses of the drug. The study allowed us to conclude the cracolandia is also a meeting space and a place to escape for those who do not have where to go. A space where the idea of subcitizenship of this group appears embedded in their testimonies, normalizing the social inequality that they experience daily. The experience of the tent showed the acknowledgement of the street as a public space that can promote social protection as well as the potential to exercise freedom and social participation.

[pt] Esta dissertação visa mapear e analisar as singularidades do Sarau do Escritório e suas ações performáticas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A partir da observação de como intervenções artísticas-políticas-culturais, sobretudo os saraus poéticos difundidos largamente após as Jornadas de Junho de 2013, contribuem para outras leituras sobre cidade e apresentam novos modos de produção artística no tempo presente, ladeado a escassez de pesquisas acadêmicas sobre o referido objeto, verificou-se a urgência deste trabalho. Para tanto, elencou-se como estudo de caso um sarau que ocorre no bairro da Lapa, região central do Rio de Janeiro, juntamente com documentos e leituras que atravessam o corpus presente na cena contemporânea dos saraus. Com esta pesquisa, espera-se construir um instrumento de percepção e reflexão crítica sobre a importância de uma cena poética que vem rompendo limites geográficos e estéticos em diversos territórios do Brasil. / [en] This dissertation aims to map and analyze the singularities of Sarau do Escritório and its performative actions in the city of Rio de Janeiro. From the observation of how artistic-political-cultural interventions, especially the poetic soirees widely disseminated after the June 2013 Journeys, contribute to other readings about the city and present new modes of artistic production in the present time, flanked by the scarcity of academic research on the aforementioned object, the urgency of this work was verified. In order to do so, a soiree that takes place in the neighborhood of Lapa, central region of Rio de Janeiro, was listed as a case study, along with documents and readings that cross the corpus present in the contemporary scene of soirees. With this research, it is expected to build an instrument of perception and critical reflection on the importance of a poetic scene that has been breaking geographic and aesthetic limits in several territories of Brazil.

[pt] Esta é uma pesquisa no campo da internet e política nos subcampos da esfera pública e do ativismo transnacional. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a constituição de públicos transnacionais, que se expressam por meio do ativismo, utilizando as mídias digitais. A partir de uma revisão de literatura, serão analisados dois casos emblemáticos do ativismo transnacional: os protestos coordenados de 15 fevereiro de 2003, realizados simultaneamente em diversos lugares do mundo contra a iminente Guerra do Iraque, e os protestos de 2011 no Egito até a renúncia do então presidente Hosni Mubarak, localizados no contexto da Primavera Árabe, que incluiu eventos parecidos em outros países da região e forte uso das mídias sociais. Serão trabalhadas as seguintes questões nos casos estudados: 1) quais as características desses públicos?; 2) de que forma as mídias sociais são utilizadas?; 3) o que torna esses movimentos transnacionais? Nossa tentativa é a de contribuir para as pesquisas sobre o ativismo - e sobre a esfera pública - transnacional, utilizando como fonte estudos já realizados na área. / [en] This is a research in the field of Internet and Politics in the subfield of the public sphere and transnational activism. The aim of this work is to identify the constitution of transnational publics, which are expressed through activism, using digital media. Based on a literature review, two emblematic cases of transnational activism will be analyzed: the coordinated protests of 15 February 2003, held simultaneously in many countries against the imminent Iraq War, and the 2011 protests in Egypt that took place until the resignation of the president Hosni Mubarak, and were located in the context of the Arab Spring, which included similar events in other Arab countries and strong use of social media. Both cases will be studied in light of the following questions: 1) which are the characteristics of these publics that may be formed around certain issues?; 2) how was social media used?; 3) what makes these publics transnational? By doing so, we hope to contribute to the research on transnational activism and public sphere.

In a setting of rising global challenges, transnational issues, and a deadlocked debate on European integration in the aftermath of the British Brexit referendum, this thesis presents the pan-European political movement and party as a novel approach of a cosmopolitan European generation taking their fate in their own hands. Consequently, the study investigates the characteristics of the ideological foundations of the emergence, vision, and strategy of the pan-European political movement Volt Europa.In a qualitative single case study using semi-structured interviews and participant observation at its core, the thesis aims to present a pan-European political movement to fellow scholars. The occurring questions are what visions this new movement has for the future of the EU and how it intends to contribute to achieving these visions. Framed by a literature review on related aspects of European constitutional law, the paper uses Habermas’ Discourse Theory and its Cosmopolitan features to solve the puzzle. Thereby, taken-for-granted theoretical frameworks based on the interaction of nation-states are challenged, and an omen of a single European demos is discovered.The study finds that Volt Europa suggests policies already presented by scholars but have yet to be implemented by politicians. Moreover, it considers that Volt Europa contributes to European Public Sphere as a movement but is spread over only some of the EU proportionally. Accordingly, theory and empirics suggest significant importance to a European Public Sphere. In this, Volt acts as a political party influencing legislation and transnational NGOs influencing the public debate and raising global awareness.

Cette thèse propose une lecture de quatre pièces de Shakespeare du point de vue de la théorie de la sphère publique qui se concentre spécifiquement sur la façon dont les personnages féminins accèdent à la sphère publique et l'impact de cet accès sur leur vie. Cette question est abordée en étudiant la façon dont les femmes sont représentées dans ces quatre pièces de Shakespeare, Othello, The Winter's Tale, The Taming of the Shrew, et 1 Henry VI. Je soutiens que l'accès des femmes à la sphère publique est presque toujours obtenu par, ou lié à, leur transgression des normes sociales. Ma thèse vise à fournir une meilleure compréhension de la relation problématique des femmes à la sphère publique pendant la Renaissance par le biais d'une enquête sur les modèles et les mécanismes de représentation dans les différentes pièces. Grâce à un examen multidisciplinaire des textes, cette thèse propose une critique des vocabulaires patriarcaux et des modèles de représentation qui tentent de dépeindre les femmes comme appartenant nécessairement à la sphère privée. Il examine un ensemble de transgressions féminines qui sont utilisées comme point de départ et comme justification d'une publicité négative. Chacun des chapitres se concentre sur une forme de transgression qui est considérée comme une menace pour les normes sociales à différents niveaux. Des sujets telles que le désir, la grossesse, la liberté d'expression et l'héroïsme sont tous étudiés ici en relation avec le genre féminin. À travers ses différents cadres théoriques, cette thèse s'engage dans un dialogue critique entre les études littéraires, féministes, post-habermassiennes et de création de publics afin d'élucider de nouvelles façons de penser à ces questions particulières et d'éclairer les mécanismes des mouvements des femmes entre les sphères publiques et privées. / This dissertation provides a reading of four of Shakespeare’s plays from the perspective of public sphere theory that focuses specifically on the way feminine characters gain access to the public sphere and the impact of this access on their lives. This issue is addressed by studying how women are represented within these four Shakespearean plays, Othello, The Winter’s Tale, The Taming of the Shrew, and 1 Henry VI. I argue that women’s access to the public sphere is almost always achieved through, or linked to, their transgression of the social norms. My dissertation seeks to provide a better understanding of the problematic relationship of women to the early modern public sphere through an investigation of the patterns and mechanisms of representation within the different plays. Through a multidisciplinary examination of the texts, this dissertation offers a gendered critique of the patriarchal vocabularies and patterns of representation that try to depict women as necessarily belonging to the private sphere. It examines a set of female transgressions that are used as a starting point and a justification for a negative publicity. Each of the chapters focuses on one form of transgression that is seen as threatening to the social norms on various levels. Issues such as desire, pregnancy, free speech, and heroism are all studied here in relation to the female gender. Through its different theoretical frameworks, this dissertation engages in a critical dialogue between literary, feminist, post-Habermasian, and making publics studies in order to elucidate new ways of thinking about these particular issues and to shed some light on the mechanisms of women’s movements between the public and private spheres.

Kvinnlig organisering finns i många former och det har gjorts en del internationell och svensk forskning om det. Denna uppsats är skriven för att fylla i luckan angående den åländska kvinnoorganiseringen i form av Ålands Marthadistrikt. Marthaverksamheten startade på det finska fastlandet 1899 och kom till Åland 1912. 1932 firade de åländska marthorna 20-årsjubiléet av detta och det fanns deltagare från alla 32 föreningarna. Undersökningens syfte är att göra en organisationsstudie om Ålands Marthadistrikts verksamhet och dess värderingar 1932–1934 med utgångspunkt från teorin om privat och offentlig sfär. Detta görs med hjälp av tre frågeställningar som är: 1. Vilken verksamhet genomförde marthorna 1932–1934? 2. Vilka likheter och skillnader finns det mellan föreningarna inom distriktet? 3. Vilka värderingar eller ideologier ligger bakom verksamheten? För att uppfylla syftet används både en kvantitativ metod och en kvalitativ metod med fokus på textanalys. Materialet som används är hämtat från Ålands Marthadistriktsarkiv och består av styrelseprotokoll, årsberättelser, förteckningar och räkenskaper. Ålands Marthadistrikt ordnade en verksamhet som mest bestod av möten, föredrag, kurser, studiecirklar och samkväm. Varje år förekom en lite större tillställning som marthorna deltog i eller anordnade. Dessa var bland annat 20-årsjubiléet, presidentbesöket och den årliga Marthadagen. De föredrag och kurser som distriktet och föreningarna genomförde handlade om olika sorters hemvård eller hemslöjd exempelvis huslig ekonomi, madrasstillverkning, trädgårdsskötsel och sömnad. Kvinnosynen i distriktet var att kvinnorna skötte hemmet och därför fokuserade majoriteten av verksamheten på det. Dock uppmuntrade distriktet kvinnor att delta i saker utanför hemmet som arbete och politik. En annan viktig del av verksamheten var att ordna tillfällen där kvinnor kunde träffas och umgås vilket uppskattades stort bland medlemmarna. Resultat i undersökningen är att marthaverksamheten till största del verkade i den privata sfären hemmet och att den gjorde att kvinnorna fick en egen sfär frånskild männen i samhället. Dock fanns det även verksamhet som bidrog till att kvinnor kom in i den offentliga sfären och beblandades med männen i samhället / Women organisation has many forms, and these have been studied international and in Sweden in some degree. This essay is written with the purpose of filling the blank about the women organisation in Åland called Ålands Martha district. The Martha activity started on the Finnish mainland in 1899 and came to Åland 1912. In 1932, the Åland Marthas celebrated the 20th anniversary of this and there were participants from all 32 associations. The purpose of this survey is to do an organizational study about Ålands Martha district’s activity and values 1932-1934 starting from the theory of private and public sphere. This is done with the help of three questions which are: 1. What activities did the Marthas carry out in 1932-1934? 2. What similarities and differences are there between the associations within the district? 3. What values and ideologies are behind the activity? To fulfil the purpose, both a quantitative method and qualitative method with a focus on text analysis are used. The material used is taken from Åland’s Martha district’s archive and consists of board minutes, annual reports, listings, and accounts. Ålands Martha district arranged activities that mainly consisted of meetings, lectures, courses, study circles and parties. Each year a big happening took place in which the Marthas participated in or arranged. These were, among other things, the 20th anniversary, the president’s visit, and the yearly Martha day. The lectures and courses that the district and associations arranged were about different kind of house caring or home crafting, for example, home economics, mattress manufacturing, gardening, and sewing. The view of women in the district was that the women managed the home and therefore most of the activities focused on it. However, the district encouraged women to participate in things outside of the home such as work and politics. Another important part of the activities was to arrange occasions where women could meet and hang out which were highly appreciated between the members. The result of the survey is that the Martha’s activity mostly operated in the private sphere of the home and that it gave the women their own sphere separated from the men in the society. However, there were activities that contributed to women taking a place in the public sphere and being mixed up with the men in the society.

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[pt] A dissertação dedica-se a investigar e compreender as opiniões e interpretações elaboradas por diversos segmentos sociais a respeito dos temas suscitados pela Parada do Orgulho LGBT, considerando que o evento propõe um agendamento de questões caras às minorias sexuais na sociedade. O ambiente de investigação foi a Internet e o foco recaiu sobre os discursos a respeito da Parada do Orgulho LGBT da cidade de São Paulo de 2011, presentes em blogs pessoais e sites de notícias. À luz de teorias oriundas da Análise do Discurso, identificaram-se padrões, referentes aos temas mais recorrentes suscitados pela manifestação e às estratégias discursivas relativas a cada tema. Neste processo, o estudo estipulou três categorias de análise, relativas às discussões sobre a pertinência do evento, aos direitos civis de minorias sexuais e ao juízo moral – biológico e religioso – sobre sexualidades não heteronormativas. / [en] The study aims to investigate the opinions and interpretations of readers s comments about the Parada do Orgulho LGBT (LGBT Pride Parade), considering that the event proposes an agenda for sexual minorities demands. The data were collected on the Internet and focused on São Paulo LGBT Pride Parade in 2011, in personal blogs and news websites. From a Discourse Analysis perspective, the study identified patterns, regarding the most recurring discursive strategies adopted in these statements. Three analytic categories have been found, regarding the pertinence of the event, civil rights for sexual minorities and the moral evaluation - both ideological and religious - about non-heteronormative sexualities.

This study aims to provide a deeper insight on how the communication is used in capacity building and how it affects the socially constructed power structures using theories of Critical Discourse Analysis and the Public Sphere Theory. Through qualitative research methods, the data collected will position the analyzed material in the theoretical framework mentioned before. The study is conducted in co-operation with the Swedish civil society organization Olof Palme International Center, together with the Kosovar non-governmental organization Syri I Vizionit. It includes observation and analysis of the Active Citizenship project. The project relates to the CDA, as it involves the context of social and communicative structures based on the effects of capacity building on micro level.This work includes a Written Essay, based on scientific research and theories, and a Visual Representation in from of a documentary based on the topic of this essay i.e. communicative processes impact on capacity building (e.g. see appendix 7).