The instructional practices of three current classroom teachers who formerly served as Servant Leader Interns (SLIs) in the Children’s Defense Fund Freedom Schools (CDFFS) Program were examined. Haskell (2001) outlined eleven principles of transfer of learning, which were used to survey the levels of transfer established from service in Freedom Schools to practice in the traditional classroom. Individual surveys, The Freedom School Pedagogies Teacher Observation Record (FSPTOR) along with interviews of each participant were used for data collection; all three components were used to triangulate the findings. The findings from this study verified that low transfer was observed when the minimal application of the principles of learning was applied. This study revealed that for transfer to occur at high levels, it is imperative that adherence to all 11 principals is made, and the understanding of transfer, the application of transfer, and reflection on transfer are implemented. If the transfer of instructional practices is a goal of CDFFS for SLIs, the CDFFS program should consider implementing transfer of learning theory in future SLI training.

The subject of my master thesis "Management of the human resources in the public administration" is to introduce the personal management and analyse the possibilities of application in public administration, directly in the Prison of the Czech Republic in the State Prison in Kuřim with a focus on training workers in different levels of management.

Sjukvården är idag ett av de viktigaste samhällsproblemen och som dessutom ständigt möter nya utmaningar. En av utmaningarna som ledarskapet inom sjukvården måste hantera är behovet av att öka både produktivitet och effektivitet. Valet av ledarskapsstil har intresserat forskare sedan långt tillbaka men har under de senaste årtionden uppmärksammats igen i och med idén om att ledarskapet kan ha inverkan på organisationens måluppfyllelse. Det ligger i vårt intresse att undersöka ledarskapsstilar inom den svenska sjukvården och hur dess egenskaper kan användas i olika sammanhang inom organisationen. Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera befintliga ledarskapsstilar inom den svenska sjukvården och hur de används i olika syften.   Studien har genomförts genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie. Primärdata utgår från sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter från två olika sjukhus inom region Värmland, och sekundärdata baseras på vetenskapliga artiklar. I teorin beskrivs tidigare forskning om de utvalda ledarskapsstilarna, generellt men även baserat på tidigare forskning inom sjukvården. Resultatet från intervjuerna genererade tre teman: Transaktionellt ledarskap, transformativt ledarskap och tjänande ledarskap. För varje tema presenteras egenskaper representativt för var och en av ledarskapsstilarna och vad egenskaperna i sin tur har för effekt på efterföljarna. Resultatet analyserades och jämfördes med tidigare forskning. Vår slutsats är att valet av ledarskapsstil har varierande inverkan på efterföljaren och därmed kan egenskaperna för respektive ledarskapsstil användas strategiskt beroende på vilken effekt som eftersträvas. / Healthcare today is one of the most important societal problems. It´s also constantly facing new challenges. One of the challenges today is to produce productivity and efficiency, leadership is considered to be a key factor in this matter. The choice of which leadership style is the best has interested researchers for a long time but has in recent decades attracted attention again with the idea that leadership has impact on the organization’s goal completion. It is in our interest to investigate leadership styles in Swedish healthcare and how its characteristics can be used to achieve different purposes within the organization.  This survey was conducted through a qualitative interview study and the primary data is based on seven semi-structured interviews from two different hospitals in the Värmland region, while the secondary data is based on scientific articles. Our results are presented in three themes: transactionally leadership, transformative leadership and servant leadership. For each of the themes we present characteristics representative of each leadership style and what effect the properties in turn have on the successors. The result was analysed and compared with previous research. Our conclusion is that the choice of leadership style has varying effects on the successor and thus the characteristics of each leadership style can be used strategically depending on the effect one strives for.

This research into Baptist leadership examines the processes of Christian leadership in terms of human relationships in churches under the microscope of a leadership theory known as leader member exchange theory (LMX), and discovers the correlation between a high level of LMX in a local church and the positive outcomes of leader legitimation in a society where pastoral tenure and pastoral termination project disheartening statistics. LMX theory is particularly suited for the study of the Baptist congregational leadership paradigm with emphasis on heightened follower participation in dyadic relationships between the pastor and church members. In the light of current convoluted leadership praxis, provides an appropriate theoretical tool for relational analysis. The background to this thesis is the perceived growing inclination among Baptist pastors to adopt a leadership paradigm, which exalts the person and role of the pastor to the exclusion of the church members. This “great man theory” is being modeled from sources that focus on church growth rather than church health, and represents a departure from servant leadership, which has long been the model for Baptists in general. This “new” trend of charismatic leadership may be one of the reasons for the inclination toward shorter tenures and pastoral termination, among Baptists, particularly in the USA. Understanding the peculiarities of congregational government is of particular importance to the research, with emphasis on the perceptions and expectations of church members regarding current leadership in their local church, and how the perception of personal value correlation translates into member satisfaction. The Literature on leadership offers a multiplicity of innovative ideas, mostly focused on the leader, and after literature research into the subjects of transactional transformational, complexity theory, and servant leadership no single theory of leadership offers completeness, hence the term quantum or complexity will assist in moving Baptist pastors from average leadership. <p.Critical elements of LMX were identified in the literature and processed into the questionnaire, which was distributed to among Baptist churches in South Africa and the United States. The results of the research are then analysed in the light of LMX theory, and the conclusion that in the congregational structure of Baptists, LMX theory offers valuable insights into member satisfaction. The characteristic of practical theology is the critical correlation of theological insight and empirical observation that will result in a new theory of praxis, and the final purpose is to focus attention on the positive outcome of healthy leader member exchange in local churches and the extended zone of influence through enhanced legitimation of pastoral leadership. / Thesis (PhD (Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Practical Theology / PhD / unrestricted

A majority of current leadership programs are failing to deliver a comprehensive approach to leadership development by not providing middle and frontline managers the skills to enhance their potential to develop others. In failing to generate a comprehensive system, animosity towards all types of leadership has been festering for over 40 years as first identified by Greenleaf in 1977. The purpose of the study was to establish a link between the theoretical paradigms of servant leadership and self-leadership using the lens of emotional intelligence to generate an integral leadership development framework. The conceptual framework used Goleman et al.'s version of emotional intelligence, Spears's model of servant leadership, and Manz's concepts of self-leadership. The research question examined the interrelationship between the three theoretical paradigms and used the analysis to create a theoretical framework. A paradigm and systematic word search phrase yielded an initial sample of 1356 research articles. Using text scrutinization to achieve saturation, I used 342 articles to evaluate the gap between the three theoretical paradigms. The analysis of the secondary data used Edwards's approach to metatheory-building. The results yielded the beginnings of a new theory of self-perpetuating leadership style called sustainable leadership. Also noted based on the literature a serious absence of ethics, morality, or spirituality in leadership development. This study is important because it uses a holistic framework based on development techniques found in three theoretical leadership paradigms to help aspiring leaders to develop others. The positive social change that may result is an improvement in leadership skills, over time, through a comprehensive approach to leadership development for aspiring leaders.

En stor del av Sveriges befolkning engagerar sig som volontärer i olika ideella organisationer och föreningar i civilsamhället. Samtidigt som ledarskapet pekas ut som en framgångsfaktor i projekt finns det tidigare forskning som visar att ledarskapet när det gäller volontärer skiljer sig från ledarskapet i vinstdrivande projekt och organisationer. Flera ledarskapsmodeller och teorier har prövats mot denna grupp för att utröna vad som kan vara ett framgångsrikt ledarskap i denna specifika kontext. Att undersöka hur det stora engagemanget i Sverige kan tillvaratas på bästa sätt genom ledarskapet är därför av yttersta intresse för såväl ideella organisationer som för samhället i stort. Syftet med studien var därför att undersöka hur projektledare i ideella organisationer upplever att det är att jobba med volontärer i ideella projekt samt vilka utmaningar de ser och hur de möter dessa. Undersökningen gjordes genom semistrukturerade djupgående intervjuer med åtta projektledare verksamma som projektledare i ideella organisationer. Materialet analyserades sedan genom tematisk analys som gav tre huvudteman: ”hitta balans mellan att vara förstående och att leva upp till intressenters krav”, ”att kratta manegen” samt ”utveckla relationer och få människor att växa”. Resultatet visar att respondenterna identifierade ett antal samstämmiga utmaningar och att de hade olika strategier för att möta dessa utmaningar genom sina sätt att leda. Det stod klart att de arbetssätt som respondenterna beskrev på flera sätt överensstämmer med ledarskapsteorin med benämningen ”servant leadership” (tjänande ledarskap). Detta kan vara en fingervisning vid rekrytering av projektledare till ideella organisationer samt som en guide för projektledare i dessa sammanhang för att uppnå goda projektresultat och en långsiktighet i organisationen. / A large part of the Swedish population is involved in volunteering in different nonprofit organisations in the civil society. While leadership is pointed out as a critical success factor in projects there are research suggesting that leading volunteers differs from leading projects in for profit organisations. Several modells and theories of leadership has been tested towards this group in trying to find out what could be a successful leadership in this specific context. Investigating how this great commitment in Sweden could be best taken care of should be of great interest not only for the organisations but for the society at large. The aim for this study is therefore to investigate how project managers in nonprofit organisations experience working with volonteers, what challenges they face and how they deal with these. The investigation was made through semistructured in-depth interviews with eight project managers working as project managers in nonprofit organisations. The material was then analysed by using thematic analysis which resulted in three main themes: ”finding the balance between being understanding and living up to stakeholders demands”, ”rake the manege” and ”developing relations and make people grow”. The result shows that the respondents identified several mutual challenges and that they had different strategies to deal with these challenges. It was clear that the approach that the respondents took in many ways respond to the leadership theory called ”servant leadership”. These findings might be a help when recruiting project managers for nonprofit organisations as well as a guide for project managers working in this context to achieve successful results and a resiliance in their organisations.

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The current environment of the automotive industry is affected by new technologies, growing market dynamics, increasing demands from customers, and regulations such as sustainability requirements. To handle rapid changes many firms are leaning towards a more agile and flexible way of working. Such transformations have a tremendous effect on how organizations are managed and led. This leads to challenges for the leadership that should be able to lead the organization and the people through changing environments. Transformational and servant leadership have been explored in the context of change. However, previous studies show contradictory views on appropriate leadership approaches for companies that are facing change. Therefore this study seeks to evaluate servant and transformational leadership in situations of agile transformations. The purpose of this thesis is to develop recommendations for leaders within incumbent firms that are facing agile transformations. A qualitative case study was conducted and limited to an R&amp;D department within the hardware development at an incumbent automotive firm. Department managers, section managers, project managers, and group managers were interviewed to deepen the understanding of the challenges that the company was facing. Findings indicate that it is important for leaders to consider challenges such as facing resistance to change, considering a new role as a leader, and ensuring psychological safety. This was elaborated on further and the two leadership models; transformational and servant leadership, were expected to contribute to a smoother change process. As psychological safety was seen as important in this change, the leaders had a mindset to encourage followers to take risks. This was done by promoting autonomy and encouraging followers to “test and try”. Servant leaders support agile principles and transformational leaders strive to encourage change initiative. These leadership approaches can therefore enhance and support organizational efforts in working more agile. However, there can not be drawn any conclusion of which leadership model is most suitable for change. Servant and transformational leadership show indications of which leadership attributes are desired for change. Leaders need to evaluate the change situation and the followers' needs to determine appropriate leadership approaches. / Traditionella tillverkningsföretag möter utmaningar med ny teknik, förändrad marknadsdynamik, ökade krav från kunder och hållbarhetskrav. Dessa förändringar har en stor effekt på hur organisationer hanteras och leds. Detta leder till utmaningar för ledare som ska kunna leda organisationen och människorna genom förändrade miljöer. Transformativt och tjänande ledarskap har utforskats under förändringar. Tidigare studier visar dock motstridiga åsikter om lämpliga ledarskapsmetoder för företag som står inför förändring. Denna studie försöker därför undersöka transformativt och tjänande ledarskap i agila förändringar. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att finna rekommendationer för ledare inom traditionella företag som står inför agila organisatoriska förändringar. En kvalitativ fallstudie genomfördes och avgränsas till hårdvaruutveckling inom en FoU-organisation i ett traditionellt tillverkningsföretag. Avdelningschefer, sektionschefer, projektledare och gruppchefer intervjuades för att fördjupa förståelsen för de utmaningar som företaget står inför. Resultaten visar indikationer på att det är viktigt för ledare att hantera utmaningar som till exempel att möta motstånd i förändringsarbetet, överväga en ny roll som ledare och att skapa trygghet. De två ledarskapsmodellerna; transformativt och tjänande ledarskap, förväntades bidra till en smidigare förändringsprocess. Trygghet ansågs vara viktig i denna förändring och därför hade ledarna en inställning att uppmuntra medarbetare att ta risker genom att ledarna främjade autonomi och uppmuntrar medarbetarna att testa och prova. Tjänande ledare stöder agila principer och transformativa ledare strävar efter att uppmuntra förändringsinitiativ. Dessa ledarskapsstrategier kan därför förbättra och stödja organisatoriska insatser för att arbeta mer agilt. Det kan dock inte dras någon slutsats om vilken ledarskapsmodell som är mest lämplig för förändring. Transformativt och tjänande ledarskap visar indikationer på vilka ledarskapsattribut som är önskvärda i en förändring. Ledare måste därför utvärdera förändringssituationer och medarbetarnas behov för att bestämma lämpliga ledarskapsstrategier.

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This was a qualitative, multiple-site case study that examined the leadership styles before, during, and after a major organizational transition. The purpose of the study was to determine if a major organizational transition affected the leadership styles of organizational leaders. It also sought to determine how the major organizational transitions affected the climate and the culture of the three organizations studied. The participants for this multiple-site case study were a hospital, a manufacturing plant, and a public library in Central Ohio. The organizational leaders were chosen because they had gone through a major organizational transition in the previous two years. Each leader then chose three followers based on two criteria. Two of the three had to be subordinates who reported directly to the organizational leader and one who had to be the leader's administrative assistant. The participants were interviewed using a guided interview; therefore, qualitative methods were used. Data analyses were completed by the process of data reduction, data display, and conclusions drawn from the data display (constant comparison). I discovered the leaders' styles remained somewhat consistent throughout the organizational transition. All three leaders used comparable methods of dealing with the transition. The leaders had the ability to identify the organizational issues that necessitated the transition, sought alternative actions, and then proceeded with the best alternatives. The climate and culture of each organization was more affected by the transition than the leader. [I started this research thinking the leaders might be the ones most affected.]