Training in psychotherapy needs to involve more than merely skills and techniques. The field of psychotherapy needs to involve more than the application of formulas in a modernistic framework. This study proposes an approach to training in psychotherapy where the emphasis is on the client and the therapeutic relationship. Psychotherapy training should be an ongoing process and this study aims to facilitate and enhance that process for students. The study combines basic therapeutic skills and interpersonal psychotherapy to form a training programme referred to as the Basic Relational Skills Training (BRST) programme. The first part of the study provides a historical perspective of basic therapeutic skills, followed by a review of the relevant literature. The second part of the study constitutes a possible format for a training manual for the proposed BRST programme. The researcher hopes that the proposed BRST programme be utilised by trainers to assess the programme's efficacy. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

This study sought to investigate: •!• student nurses' perceived role of tutors, preceptors and professional nurses in fostering the development of interpersonal relationships of students nurses during training •!• student nurses' espousal of positive interpersonal relationships with colleagues, patients, friends and relatives of patients •!• Whether or not any significant differences existed between the first and fourth year students' perceptions and espousal of positive interpersonal relationships. First and fourth year student nurses in the Eastern Cape Province were studied. More first, than fourth, year respondents contended that tutors, preceptors and professional nurses facilitated the development of student nurses' interpersonal relationships with colleagues, patients, friends and relatives of patients. On the espousal of positive interpersonal relationships vis-a-vis patients, friends and relatives of patients and amongst themselves as colleagues, both groups of respondents provided similar response profiles. A posteriori "t" comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences in the response profiles between the first and fourth year respondents in their espousal of positive interpersonal relationships with colleagues, patients, friends and relatives of patients. The major inference drawn from this was that the four-year comprehensive course should place greater emphasis on the development of interpersonal relationships of student nurses in the Republic of South Africa. / Health Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Advanced Nursing Science)

The thesis contains two parts, to bind: The first part describes the phenomenon of homelessness and homeless people in the Czech Republic, with main reference to their ambiguous definition. Characterizes the dedicated assistance to the homeless and from social work to therapeutic help. Describes the basic form of therapeutic exposure and focus, emphasizes psychotherapeutic orientations, which are suitable for a group of homeless people, with an emphasis on cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The first part of the research continues, describing the organization of the St. Paul's House (DsP), which took place in the first orientation research whose aim was to determine whether CBT is the most appropriate psychotherapeutic direction in psychotherapeutic work with the homeless in the DsP, and how psychotherapy is implemented in the DsP. After the landmark research was carried out research whose aim was to find feedback, experience and opinion shelter users in the implementation of the DsP and the course of psychotherapy.

No description available.

No description available.

L’autorisation judiciaire de soins (AJS) est utilisée dans le domaine de la santé mentale afin de permettre le traitement d’une personne alors que celle-ci est jugée inapte à consentir à ses soins et qu’elle les refuse de manière catégorique. L’utilisation de cette mesure d’exception est en augmentation à travers le monde (Rugkåsa et Burns, 2017), malgré ses résultats variables en termes retombées clinique, sociale et économique et ses impacts négatifs importants sur la vie de la personne qui en est visée (Kisely, Campbell et O'Reilly, 2017). La dimension coercitive inhérente à l’AJS complexifie le travail auprès de cette clientèle, alors que l’infirmière est appelée à promouvoir le rétablissement et l’autodétermination de la personne tout en devant lui imposer un traitement non désiré (Corring, O'Reilly, Sommerdyk et Russell, 2018). La relation thérapeutique étant reconnue comme étant la pierre angulaire des soins infirmiers de santé mentale en apportant de nombreux bénéfices pour la personne soignée, il est essentiel de comprendre l’influence de l’AJS sur celle-ci. À ce jour, peu d’études ont porté sur la relation thérapeutique dans le contexte des AJS, ne permettant pas une compréhension approfondie de ce sujet. Guidée par la théorie du Recovery Alliance Theory (Shanley et Jubb-Shanley, 2007), cette étude qualitative descriptive avait pour but de décrire la relation thérapeutique en contexte d’AJS selon la perspective d’infirmières et de personnes vivant avec un problème de santé mentale. Des analyses secondaires ont été réalisées à partir d’entrevues individuelles auprès d’infirmières (n=9) et de personnes étant ou ayant été sous AJS (n=6) provenant de trois instituts en santé mentale selon la méthode de Miles, Huberman et Saldaña (2020). La relation thérapeutique a été décrite comme fondamentalement ancrée dans une inégalité de pouvoir qui est amplifiée par l’AJS. Les résultats mettent en lumière les liens complexes existant entre la relation thérapeutique et l’AJS et font ressortir la divergence des perspectives des infirmières et des personnes quant à la possibilité de développer cette relation. Les personnes sous AJS ont rejeté l’idée de pouvoir développer une relation de confiance dans ce contexte, décrivant des interactions superficielles, utilitaires et unidirectionnelles avec les infirmières. La perspective des infirmières a montré que celles-ci croient en la possibilité de développer une relation thérapeutique, malgré les contraintes qui leur sont imposées par l’AJS. En effet, celles-ci engendrent un conflit au niveau des différents rôles que les infirmières doivent intégrer dans leur pratique, l’un étant guidé par leur responsabilité légale et l’autre par leur pratique professionnelle. À la lumière de ces résultats, les infirmières devraient être sensibilisées à la perspective des personnes sous AJS, tout en bénéficiant d’un soutien pour les accompagner dans la gestion de cette mesure amenant une complexité à leur travail et au développement de la relation thérapeutique. D’autres études sont nécessaires afin d’explorer des pistes de solution pour permettre à l’infirmière et à la personne de développer une relation thérapeutique en dehors des contraintes imposées par l’AJS. / Involuntary treatment orders (ITO) are used in the mental health field to allow for treatment of individuals living with a mental illness considered incapable of giving consent and who are actively refusing treatment. The use of this exceptional measure is increasing around the world, with a presence in 75 different jurisdictions (Rugkåsa et Burns, 2017), despite its conflicting results in terms of clinical, social and financial outcomes and its negative impacts on the patients (Kisely et al., 2017). The coercive dimension inherent to the ITO poses many challenges for the nursing practice, as nurses must promote recovery and self-determination while having to impose an unwanted treatment (Corring et al., 2018). Since the nurse-patient therapeutic relationship is the cornerstone of mental health nursing, allowing many benefits for the patient’s health and well-being, it is essential to better understand the influence the ITO has on this relationship. Few studies have been carried on the therapeutic relationship in the context of ITOs, which does not allow for a comprehensive understanding of the subject. Guided by the Recovery Alliance Theory (Shanley et Jubb-Shanley, 2007), this study aimed to describe the therapeutic relationship in the context of ITOs as reported by nurses and individuals living with a mental illness. Secondary data analysis of qualitative data was performed from individual interviews with nurses (n=9) and patients who are or have already been on an ITO (n=6). Data were collected from three mental health and forensic psychiatric institutes and were analyzed using a process of content analysis (Miles et al., 2020). The therapeutic relationship was described as fundamentally imbedded in a power imbalance amplified by the ITO. Results highlight the complex links between the therapeutic relationship and the ITO and the divergent perspectives of nurses and patients on the possibility to develop this relationship. Patients rejected the possibility of developing a trusting relationship in this context, describing interactions with nurses as superficial, utilitarian, and unidirectional. The nurses’ perspective showed that nurses do believe in the possibility to build a therapeutic relationship despite the challenges caused by the ITO. Indeed, the ITO generates conflict between the different roles of the nurses, one being guided by their legal responsibility and the other by their professional practice. In light of these results, nurses should be made aware of the perception of patients on ITOs, while benefiting from support to assist them in the management of this measure which brings many challenges to their practice and to the development of the therapeutic relationship. Further studies should explore possible solutions to allow the nurse and the patient to develop a therapeutic relationship outside the constraints of the ITO.

This research was directed at determining the value of Gestalt play therapy for the high school learner with Spina Bifida. By undertaking a literature study regarding the child with Spina Bifida, as well as Gestalt play therapy, it was possible to determine what needs and difficulties these learners experience and how Gestalt play therapy can be implemented to address these needs and difficulties. The researcher concludes that any high school learner experiences a lot of developmental changes, but for the learner with Spina Bifida there are not only the social, personal, physical and emotional changes, but also the fact that because of the disability, more support and help structures are needed. It became evident that, for these learners, Gestalt play therapy is a very effective and useful intervention technique. Learners were guided towards awareness of themselves, as well as their inner strength to face the unfinished business in their lives. / Social work / M. Diac (Play Therapy)

No description available.

This study examined scientific evidence of animal-supported work in connection with the therapeutic relationship. The study aimed to investigate whether animal-supported work has any impact on the therapeutic relationship. The study also aimed to examine in what way animal-supported work impacts the therapeutic relationship and whether the effects could be explained by relevant theories. Literature review was chosen as the method of study to fulfil the objectives of this study and data was analysed through thematic analysis. The data used in this study was found in articles through a structured search of the databases PubMed and Psycinfo. In summary, the study found that there is scientific evidence that animal-supported work does impact the therapeutic relationship. The study also found that evidence suggest that animal-supported work impacts the therapeutic relationship in many ways, most of which are positive. The study found that one viable way of explaining the effects of animal-supported work is through the neurobiological theory of oxytocin. The effects could also be explained by the developmental psychological attachment theory. The result of this study points to a need for further research of the effects of animal-supported work on the therapeutic relationship.

Missbruk medför samhällsproblem i flera avseenden och innebär en social utsatthet för individen. Ansvaret för utförande av missbruksbehandling ligger delvis inom socialt arbete. Tolvstegsbehandling av alkohol- och narkotikamissbruk är en av Socialstyrelsens rekommenderade behandlingsformer. Denna Studie utforskar hur tolvstegsbehandlare påverkas av sina tidigare erfarenheter av missbruk i utvecklingen av professionell expertis, identitet och i det behandlande arbetet. Fyra kvalitativa djupintervjuer analyserades med hjälp av en fenomenologisk analysmetod. Studiens resultat visar hur behandlare med egen erfarenhet av tidigare missbruk arbetar för att uppnå och bibehålla en professionell expertis och professionell identitet. Kunskap genom utbildning, praktisk kunskap och personliga erfarenheter blir grundläggande, samtidigt som bearbetning av erfarenheter och självreflektion är särskilt avgörande för ett gott behandlande arbete. Resultaten visar på att den egna erfarenheten har en positiv inverkan på behandling och behandlingsrelationen genom att öka delaktighet, mottaglighet och nyttjandet av behandlarens förebildsroll. Däremot utgör den egna erfarenheten risker som kan inverka på behandling och behandlarens känslotillstånd genom överidentifikation. Tidigare erfarenheter kan även skapa konflikt mellan professionell och privat roll, både utifrån tidigare kännedom om klienten och utifrån fortsatt medverkan i tolvstegsmöten som privatperson. Respondenterna delar en öppen syn på behandlingsmetoder, samtidigt som de delar en icke-flexibel syn vad det gäller medicinering. Resultaten är genomsyrade av vikten att arbeta med sig själv genom handledning, egenvård och fortsatt engagemang i tolvstegsrörelsen. Resultaten diskuteras utifrån tidigare forskning, teorin för psykosocialt arbete och de teoretiska begreppen dubbel relation, förebild, professionell expertis, kunskap, situerat lärande och identitet. / Substance abuse results in several different societal problems and leaves the individual in question socially vulnerable. Responsibility for substance abuse treatment partially lies in the hand of social work. Twelve-step treatment is one recommended form of treatment for substance abuse by The National Board of Health and Welfare. The present study explores how recovered twelve-step counselors are affected by their previous experiences of substance abuse in the development of professional expertise, identity and in their treatment work. Four qualitative in-depth interviews were analysed using a phenomenological analysis method. The results of the present study show how recovered counselors work to achieve and maintain professional expertise and a professional identity. Knowledge through education, practice and personal experience is fundamental, and to continuously process ones previous experiences and engage in self-reflection is crucial for recovered counselors to be able to work within their professional role. Results further show that the previous experiences has a positive impact on treatment and the client-counselor relationship by increasing engagement, receptivity and motivation through role-modeling. However, the previous experiences also infers risks that can have a negative effect on treatment and the counselors emotional state through overidentification. Another risk is the conflict between the counselors professional and private role, due to prior knowledge of clients or through engagement in twelve-step meetings. The present study’s participants share an open attitude towards the use of different treatment methods, while sharing a non-flexible attitude towards medical treatment. Something that has permeated the present study’s results was the importance of continuously working with yourself through supervision, self-care and continued engagement in the twelve-step movement. Results are discussed in relation to previous research, the theory of psycosocial work and the theoretical terms double relationship, role-modeling, professional expertise and knowledge, situated learning and identity.