Introdução: Qualidade de Vida Relacionada à Saúde (QVRS) tem sido considerada como importante medida de avaliação do estado de saúde e de predição de mortalidade em idosos. Diversos estudos detectaram fatores associados à QVRS de idosos, mas, poucos deles, até o momento, propuseram-se a analisar as associações entre violência e QVRS dessa população. Objetivos: identificar a prevalência e as características da violência contra idosos não institucionalizados, residentes no Município de São Paulo; comparar idosos expostos e não expostos à violência em relação a dados sociodemográficos, econômicos, de saúde, de funcionalidade familiar, de incapacidade funcional e dos componentes físico e mental da QVRS; verificar se a violência é um fator independente associado aos escores dos componentes físico e mental da QVRS de idosos. Método: esta pesquisa transversal é parte integrante do Estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento). Os dados foram coletados em 2010 e a amostra compôs-se de 1.147 idosos que responderam o Short-Form 12 Health Related Survey (SF-12), instrumento genérico que avalia a QVRS em seus Componentes Físico (CF) e Mental (CM). O CF e o CM do SF-12 foram as variáveis dependentes do estudo. Utilizou-se a regressão linear múltipla, método stepwise backward, para identificação dos fatores associados aos componentes da QVRS. Resultados: a prevalência da violência contra idosos foi de 10,1% (IC 95% 8,4 12), e o tipo mais comum foi a psicológica (9,3%). As variáveis idade e coabitação não diferenciaram significativamente os idosos expostos e não expostos à violência. Sexo feminino, insuficiência de renda, baixa escolaridade, família disfuncional, saúde percebida como ruim, multimorbidade, dor referida, sintomas depressivos, deterioração cognitiva e dificuldades para executar ABVD ou AIVD foram as características presentes em maior proporção no grupo de idosos expostos à violência, quando comparados ao grupo não exposto. Além disso, os idosos expostos à violência, em comparação aos não expostos, alcançaram menores médias nos escores no CF (44,4, DP=10,8 contra 49,1, DP=9,3) e no CM (50,1, DP=12 contra 55,8, DP=7,5) com p<0,001 em ambos os componentes. Na análise múltipla, a violência contra idosos permaneceu significativamente associada ao CM da QVRS (=-2,69; p<0,001), independente de covariáveis demográficas, econômicas, de saúde, de apoio familiar e de incapacidade funcional. Conclusão: a prevalência da violência contra idosos detectada neste estudo foi elevada; os idosos expostos à violência, em comparação aos não expostos, apresentaram diferenças em relação às suas características demográficas, econômicas, de saúde, de funcionalidade familiar e de incapacidade funcional; e a exposição à violência comprometeu o CM da QVRS dos idosos. Medidas de prevenção e controle desse agravo à saúde devem ser tratadas como prioritárias à população idosa / Introduction: Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) has been considered as an important measure of health status assessment and a predictor of mortality in elderly. Several studies found factors associated to elderly\'s HRQoL, however, to date, few have proposed to examine the associations between violence and HRQoL of this population. Objectives: to identify the prevalence and characteristics of violence against non-institutionalized elderly who live in the city of São Paulo; to compare elderly who are exposed and not exposed to violence regarding to following variables: sociodemographic, economic and health data, familiar functionality, functional disability and HRQoL\'s physical and mental components; to verify whether violence is a factor independently associated to scores of the HRQoL\'s physical and mental components in elderly. Method: This cross-sectional study is part of the SABE (Health, Wellness, and Aging Study). Data were collected in 2010 and the sample was composed by 1,147 elderly who responded to the 12-Item Short-Form Health Related Survey (SF-12), a generic instrument that assesses the HRQoL in its Physical (CF) and Mental (CM) Components. The CF and CM of the SF-12 were the dependent variables of this study and we used the multiple linear regression, a method of backward stepwise selection to identify the factors associated to HRQOL\'s components. Results: The prevalence of violence against the elderly was 10,1% (IC 95% 8,4 12) and the psychological violence was the most common (9,3%). The cohabitation and age variables did not significantly differentiate the elderly exposed and those non- exposed to violence. Female sex, insufficient income, low education, dysfunctional family, health perceived as poor, multimorbidity, referred pain, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment and difficulty to perform ABVD ou AIVD were the features presented with higher proportion in the group of elderly exposed to violence, compared to the unexposed ones. Furthermore, elderly exposed to violence achieved lower scores in HRQoL\'s CF(44,4, SD=10,8 vs. 49,1, SD=9,3) and CM(50,1, SD=12 vs. 55,8, SD=7,5) compared to unexposed ones, with p<0,001 in both components. In multiple analysis, the violence against the elderly remained significantly associated to HRQOL\'s CM (=-2,69; p<0,001), independent of demographic, economic, health, family support and functional disability covariables. Conclusion: The prevalence of violence against elderly identified in this investigation was high; the elderly exposed to violence, compared to non-exposed ones, presented differences concerning their demographic, economic, health, family support and functional disability features; and the exposion to violence undermined the HRQOL\'s CM of elderly. Prevention and control actions for this health hazard should be considered as a priority for the elderly

O objetivo desta tese é analisar se há associação entre atividade sexual e satisfação sexual, e as condições demográficas, socioeconômicas e de saúde, e também a importância dada à vida sexual no passado e no presente, para a população idosa residente no município de São Paulo. Foram considerados os dados do Estudo SABE - Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento, relativos à amostra de 2006, composta por 1.078 sujeitos, correspondendo após ponderação a uma população de 854.724 idosos do município de São Paulo. Homens e mulheres foram analisados separadamente, e os dados comparados posteriormente. Os resultados mostraram que frente ao aumento da idade e determinadas condições socioeconômicas e de saúde, a satisfação sexual é cada vez menos associada à atividade sexual, sendo isso mais verificado entre as mulheres do que os homens. Em relação às condições de saúde, a ocorrência de doenças entre as mulheres mostrou mais interferência negativa para a satisfação sexual do que entre os homens. Entre os casados verificou-se maior relação entre a atividade sexual e a satisfação sexual. Como conclusão observou-se que, com o avanço da idade, a satisfação sexual está menos associada à realização de atividade sexual, independente do sexo, porém, isso se verifica mais entre as mulheres, o que não justifica dizer que as pessoas idosas são assexuadas. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze whether there is an association between sexual activity and sexual satisfaction, and demographic, socioeconomic and health conditions, and the importance given to sexual life in the past and nowadays by the elderly population living in São Paulo. Data from the SABE Study - Health, Welfare and Aging were considered, relating to sample of 2006, consisting of 1078 individuals, corresponding to a population of 854.724 elderly, after weighting, in São Paulo. Men and women have been analyzed separately and then information has been compared. The results showed that against the increased age and specific socioeconomic and health conditions, sexual satisfaction is becoming less associated with sexual activity and it is more observed among women than men. Regarding health conditions, occurrences of diseases among women proved more negative interference for sexual satisfaction than men. Among those married there was a highest ratio between sexual activity and sexual satisfaction. As a conclusion, it was observed that, with increasing age, sexual satisfaction is less tied to the sexual activity, regardless of sex, but it occurs more among women, which is not right to say that older people are asexual.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-06-23T15:04:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 edmundodepaulagomesjunior.pdf: 5585059 bytes, checksum: 4bcd222adac9dcad6cbb8ca24bb5ca77 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-07T20:16:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 edmundodepaulagomesjunior.pdf: 5585059 bytes, checksum: 4bcd222adac9dcad6cbb8ca24bb5ca77 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-07T20:16:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 edmundodepaulagomesjunior.pdf: 5585059 bytes, checksum: 4bcd222adac9dcad6cbb8ca24bb5ca77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T20:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 edmundodepaulagomesjunior.pdf: 5585059 bytes, checksum: 4bcd222adac9dcad6cbb8ca24bb5ca77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-20 / Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender: (a)o discurso e as idéias produzidos e reproduzidos no ambiente escolar sobre o idoso e o envelhecimento; e (b)como a Escola, enquanto organismo dinâmico, concebe o Estatuto do Idoso, sua aplicação e o processo de envelhecimento da população brasileira. Utilizando como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa com o recurso da entrevista fechada e estruturada aliada à utilização de fotografias como pranchas indutoras, foram entrevistados quatro sujeitos que atuam na coordenação pedagógica do Ensino Médio em algumas Escolas da cidade. A análise de dados foi feita com base nas referências teóricas do marxismo e da perspectiva sócio-histórica, a partir das quais pôde-se identificar, nas falas dos sujeitos, indicadores relativos a três das categorias fundamentais da dialética: (a)ideologia; (b)atividade e (c)consciência, que, por sua vez, viabilizaram não apenas constatações referentes aos objetivos da pesquisa, como, também, aquelas decorrentes da comunicação informal que permeou o contexto das entrevistas, possibilitando uma reflexão e ampliação dos conhecimentos apreendidos pela atividade de pesquisar. As conclusões alcançadas denotaram o desconhecimento do Estatuto do Idoso, a inexistência de pesquisas que contemplem o tema envelhecimento e que as idéias, valores e discursos reproduzidos no ambiente escolar evidenciam a mercantilização da velhice, dando ao envelhecimento um caráter a-histórico e naturalizante. / This work aimed to realize: (a) the speech and ideas produced and reproduced at the school environment about aging and old-age people, and (b) how Schools, while dynamic organisms, conceive The Elderly Statute, its practice and the aging process in the Brazilian population. Using as methodology the qualitative research, with the help of close and structured interview connected to the use of photographs as inducement boards, it has been interviewed four persons who work at the Pedagogical Coordination in some high-school level institutes in the city. The data analysis was conducted based on theoretical references from Marxism and a social and historical perspective. Through this perspective, it could be identified, in the speech of the interviewed persons, three of several dialectics fundamental categories: a) ideology, b) activity and c) consciousness. These categories, in their turn, make it possible not only ascertainings concerning the purposes of the research, but also those arising out of the informal communication which permeated the interview context, making it possible some reflexion about and enlargement of the knowledge apprehended through the activity of researching. The conclusions indicated the ignorance of The Elderly Statute, an inexistence of research concerning aged people and that ideas, values and speeches reproduced at the school environment, make evident the commercialization of old people class, giving it a non–historical and naturalized character.

Loke Carlsson: Spelmusik – Musikens funktioner i tre datorspelsserier Denna uppsats handlar om datorspelsmusik och syftet är att ta reda på vilka funktioner denna musik har i datorspel. Först presenteras ett antal teorier om filmvetenskap. Med hjälp av dessa teorier sammanställer jag sedan en metod för att analysera musiken i några få datorspel. I metodkapitlet hittar man också en redogörelse för de grundläggande skillnader mellan datorspel och filmer när det gäller musik. Tre olika spelserier analyseras i denna uppsats. I analyserna presenteras och beskrivs musiken, varefter den ställs mot de teorier som presenterats i teorikapitlet. Resultatet blir att jag kan sluta mig till att datorspelsmusiken i de analyserade spelen har fyra viktiga funktioner som stämmer bra överens med flera av filmmusikens funktioner.

Background Palliative care services have widened beyond cancer in recent years, yet frail older adults rarely receive such services. There is a need to understand the dynamic multidimensional end-of-life experiences of this group in order to assess how or if a palliative approach could be beneficial. Physical end-of-life trajectories for frail older people have been described but there remains little person centred research that describes changing experiences across physical, social, psychological and existential dimensions. Aims and objectives To explore the changing multidimensional experiences of frail older people towards the end of life and to reflect on the utility of a qualitative longitudinal multi-perspective design for this population. Methods Thirteen cognitively intact, community dwelling older adults considered to be moderately or severely frail, using a clinical frailty scale, and thirteen nominated informal carers participated in up to three narrative interviews over eighteen months. Eight nominated professionals were also interviewed. The interviews were participant led, audio-recorded and fully transcribed. The ‘voice centred relational’ narrative method, incorporating analyses of multidimensional experience, was used to analyse the data. The data were then analysed longitudinally to compile case studies for each older person. Findings The narratives of these frail older people approaching the end of life illustrate patterns of multidimensional experience that differ from the end-of-life trajectories of other groups. All participants experienced physical decline however three possible patterns of psychological, social and existential experience emerged. These were stable, regressive and tragic according to the capacity to hold on to core values, and maintain a sense of self and of belonging in the world and are illustrated using visual trajectories. When the sense of self was threatened these frail older people lacked valued alternative identities and struggled with the absence of clear causative factors to explain their circumstances. The participants frequently described fears of burdening others, of moving to a nursing home or of developing dementia more than fears of dying. Losses and sustaining factors are described for physical, social, psychological and existential dimensions revealing the importance of social and community networks for supporting frail older people. There were constraints and benefits to using a qualitative longitudinal multi-perspective method, however the method enabled a deep, contextualised and rich understanding of the dynamic experiences of frail older people. Conclusion Frail older people may be supported towards the end of life by considering ways to promote the integration of the self. This may involve promoting valued alternative identities, protecting personhood through social and health care practices and by investigating ways to alleviate or make tolerable greatest fears. Community health and social care structures and social and community networks appear essential for addressing the end-of-life needs of frail older people. A qualitative, longitudinal, multi-perspective design was beneficial for investigating the experiences of frail older people.

Chronic disease affects 80% of adults over the age of 65 and is expected to increase in prevalence. To address the burden of chronic disease, self-management programs have been developed to increase self-efficacy and improve quality of life by reducing or halting disease symptoms. Two programs that have been developed to address chronic disease are the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) and Tomando Control de su Salud (TCDS). CDSMP and TCDS both focus on improving participant self-efficacy, but use different curricula, as TCDS is culturally tailored for the Hispanic population. Few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of CDSMP and TCDS when translated to community settings. In addition, little is known about the correlation between demographic, baseline health status, and psychosocial factors and completion of either CDSMP or TCDS. This study used secondary data collected by agencies of the Healthy Aging Regional Collaborative from 10/01/2008 - 12/31/2010. The aims of this study were to examine six week differences in self-efficacy, time spent performing physical activity, and social/role activity limitations, and to identify correlates of program completion using baseline demographic and psychosocial factors. To examine if differences existed a general linear model was used. Additionally, logistic regression was used to examine correlates of program completion. Study findings show that all measures showed improvement at week six. For CDSMP, self-efficacy to manage disease (p = .001), self-efficacy to manage emotions (p = .026), social/role activities limitations (p = .001), and time spent walking (p = .008) were statistically significant. For TCDS, self-efficacy to manage disease (p = .006), social/role activities limitations (p = .001), and time spent walking (p = .016) and performing other aerobic activity (p = .005) were significant. For CDSMP, no correlates predicting program completion were found to be significant. For TCDS, participants who were male (OR=2.3, 95%CI: 1.15-4.66), from Broward County (OR=2.3, 95%CI: 1.27-4.25), or living alone (OR=2.0, 95%CI: 1.29-3.08) were more likely to complete the program. CDSMP and TCDS, when implemented through a collaborative effort, can result in improvements for participants. Effective chronic disease management can improve health, quality of life, and reduce health care expenditures among older adults.

This thesis explains the process of two researchers conducting a formal analysis of the graphical user interfaces (GUIs), specifically the heads-up displays (HUDs), of the main entries of the two game series The Elder Scrolls (1994 - 2011) and Deus Ex (2000 - 2011). The goal: to see how the evolution of their HUDs over time compare and to analyse them. After playing the games and taking notes about their HUDs, the researchers find that there is a common trend between the two series. The HUDs become more simplified over time, with some non-critical elements of the HUD being removed. They also become more precise at instructing and informing players about how to play the games. While similar additions and changes are made, the timing is different and the researchers conclude that further research is necessary in order to decide if the observed pattern of HUD evolution is unique to the two series or can hold up as a framework for a larger selection of games. As is, this thesis presents the patterns and trends within the heads-up display design of the observed games as well as a library of the observed games’ GUI elements, that future GUI designers and researchers can use to be made aware of past design decisions and revisions that has been common throughout several other games within the genre. / Denna kandidatuppsats går igenom undersökningen utav heads-up displays (Förkortas till HUD, uttalas “hadd”) som en del av de grafiska användargränssnitten tillhörande spelserierna The Elder Scrolls (1994-2011) och Deus Ex (2000-2011). Målet var att se till hur dessa utvecklades med tidens gång. Efter att data hade samlats in från spelen kom författarna fram till att det fanns en gemensam trend för hur HUDar i de två spelserierna utvecklades. Dessa HUDar hade blivit simplifierade med tiden, där icke-kritiska element försvann. De hade också blivit bättre på att instruera och informera spelare i hur de spelar spelen. Samtidigt som liknande tillägg och förändringar skedde för båda spelserierna så skiljde sig tidpunkten för när detta skedde. Författarna kom till slutsatsen att mer forskning är nödvändigt för att det ska kunna fastslås huruvida det observerade mönstret är unikt till de observerade spelserierna eller kan appliceras på andra spelserier också. Denna kandidatuppsats presenterar de mönster, designtrender, samt ett bibliotek av de komponenter, som funnits i datorspelens HUDar och kan användas av gränssnittsdesigners och forskare för att få insikt om tidigare designval och förändringar som har blivit vanligt förekommande genom flera andra spel av samma genre.

This thesis deals with chemical composition of the juice from selected species of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). The theoretical part is dedicated to botanical characteristic of elderberry including the origin and the extension. There are also mentioned the medical effects of elderberry with the description of the cultivation of this herb with the examples of particular cultivated species. In the experimental section were laid down the particular chemical parameters (yield, pH, relative density, titrable acidity, formol number, content of instant dry mass and reducing sugar) in the juice from the fruits of these cultivated species of elderberry: Albida, Allesö, Aurea, Bohatka, Dana, Heidegg 13, Haschberg, Körsör, Mammut, Pregarten, Riese aus Voßloch, Sambo, Sambu, Samdal, Sampo, Samyl a Weihenstephan. The median of the yield has been 700,0 ml/kg, the median for the pH assessment has been 4,03. The median of relative density of all species was 1,0361, the median of titrable acidity was 141,83 mmol l -1. The median of the overall content of amino acids was 30,5 ml 0,1 mol l-1 NaOH/100ml, the median of the content of the dry mass was 9,5 weight %. The median of the assessment of the reducing sugar was 5,02%.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine the aroma active compounds in different varieties of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) and in elder juices that were mixed in different proportions with grape juice. The sensory analysis of these juices was subsequently performed with focusing on their tastiness. The theoretical part deals with the description of the black elderberry, its occurrence, composition and use at home and in industrial processing, as well as a description of aroma active compounds, which have been previously identified in elder by various authors. In the experimental part aroma active substances were identified and quantified in seven selected varieties of elder. Solid Phase Microextraction method was used for their isolation and subsequent analysis was performed by gas chromatography. 39 aroma active compounds were identified totally in fruits of the black elderberry, of which 15 alcohols, 11 aldehydes, 7 ketones, 5 esters and 1 acid. 45 aroma active compounds were identified totally in elderberry juices, of which 19 alcohols, 8 aldehydes, 5 ketones, 7 esters and 6 acids. The sensory analysis of elder juices was performed using ranking test and evaluation using the scales.

Introduction: The dietary intake of the elderly, especially the protein intake, is very important as to avoid any complications and for the proper course of hospitalization. Prerequisite for this thesis is that within the general ward we can mostly find elderly patients, therefore, this thesis is focused also on the topic of malnutrition. Malnutrition is very closely connected to the elderly and generally to the dietary intake during hospitalization. Aim: The main aim of this thesis is to outline and review the actual amount of consumed energy and protein of elderly patients in hospitals. The amount is determined by an analysis of returned food and is compared to the recommended intake of energy and protein for individual patients. The objective is also to evaluate possible reasons for the low food intake concerning certain patients. Methods: The energy and protein intake were assessed by the analysis of patient's returned food and then calculated in the nutritional application Nutriservis. The potential reasons for the low food intake concerning the elderly patients were assessed by surveys using frequential, closed-ended questions. A part of the survey was focused on the diet during the stay in the hospital, the other part was inspired by the scale of MNA screening and it was aimed at the BMI...