Η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία έχει ως κύριο στόχο τη διερεύνηση των εννοιών της «διοίκησης συγκρούσεων», της «επικοινωνίας», της «μετασχηματιστικής ηγεσίας», της «συναλλακτικής ηγεσίας» και της «λήψης των αποφάσεων». Για το σκοπό αυτό εκπονήθηκε εμπειρική έρευνα στο πλαίσιο των χρηματοπιστωτικών οργανισμών και συγκεκριμένα με τη συμμετοχή υφισταμένων καταστημάτων τραπεζών του Δήμου Πατρέων. Τα πρωτογενή στοιχεία αντλήθηκαν με τη συμπλήρωση εκατό δομημένων ερωτηματολογίων, αποτελούμενων από συνολικά 78 ερωτήσεις το καθένα. Επιπλέον το ερωτηματολόγιο κατηγοριοποιήθηκε σε 5 θεματικές ενότητες. Κάθε ενότητα του ερωτηματολογίου αναφέρεται σε μια από τις βασικές έννοιες που περιλαμβάνει το θέμα της διπλωματικής εργασίας. Τη συλλογή των δεδομένων ακολούθησε η επεξεργασία τους με τη χρήση του στατιστικού πακέτου SPSS (παραγοντική ανάλυση, συσχετίσεις, βηματική παλινδρόμηση). Στη συνέχεια πραγματοποιήθηκε έλεγχος των δεκατεσσάρων υποθέσεων στις οποίες βασίστηκε η έρευνα για την επαλήθευση τους. Ορισμένες επιπτώσεις για τη διοίκηση αναφέρονται στο ότι η οικονομική κρίση, όπως επιδρά στη λειτουργία των τραπεζών και των καταστημάτων τους, αναπτύσσει περισσότερο την συναλλακτική ηγεσία και περιορίζει μορφές μετασχηματιστικής ηγεσίας όπως είναι το χάρισμα και η εμπνευσμένη παρακίνηση. Η συναλλαγή των προϊσταμένων με τους υφισταμένους (ενδεχόμενη ανταμοιβή) οδηγεί τους τελευταίους αρκετές φορές στον συμβιβασμό, δίνοντας μεγαλύτερη έμφαση στην επίτευξη των στόχων. Αντιθέτως τα διανοητικά ερεθίσματα που δίνει ο προϊστάμενος στους υφισταμένους συμβάλλουν στην εναρμόνιση και την επίτευξη των στόχων. Στην ίδια κατεύθυνση η εξατομικευμένη φροντίδα από την πλευρά των προϊσταμένων αφήνει χώρο για συμμετοχή και αποτελεσματική επικοινωνία. / The main goal of the present dissertation is to investigate the concepts of “conflict management”, “communication”, “transformational leadership”, “transactional leadership” and “decision making”. An empirical research was conducted within the framework of credit organizations and more particularly to subordinates of bank branches in the municipality of Patras. Data was collected from one hundred structured questionnaires, each one of which comprised a total of 78 questions. Furthermore, the questionnaire was divided in five thematic units. Εach thematic unit refers to one of the primary concepts included in the subject of the dissertation. Subsequent to its collection, data was processed with the assistance of the statistical package SPSS (factor analysis, correlations, stepwise regression). Fourteen hypotheses which form the basis of the research were tested if they are supported. Implications for management also include that the economic crisis, as this affects the operation of financial institutions and bank branches, is developing more the transactional leadership and restricts transformational leadership components such as charisma and inspirational motivation. The transaction between supervisors and subordinates (contingent reward) leads several times the last to compromise, giving greater emphasis to the objectives. On the other hand intellectual stimulation has a positive impact on integrating and attaining common goals. Moreover, individualized consideration as transformational leadership component contributes to decentralization and communication.

Thesis (MComm (Industrial Psychology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Effective leadership drives an organisation’s members to achieve a common purpose. Leaders must influence followers to work together to achieve one vision. Successful leaders understand their own values and the values of their followers, in order to guide and direct behaviour. Shared values allow organisations to work together and act as one entity. Successful leaders instil a set of commonly held core values to ensure that followers are working towards the same goals. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of organisational leadership on leader-follower value congruence and leadership success. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between transactional and transformational leadership, leader-follower value congruence and leadership success. Engelbrecht’s (2002) model was used as a theoretical framework. A literature study of leadership and leadership success, as well as values and value congruence in organisations was conducted. The relationship between these constructs was also analysed in the literature study. The sample comprised of employees of a large petroleum company in the Western Cape. The sample consisted of 162 leaders and subordinates. The sample comprised of two subordinates for every leader. Each of the respondents completed Bass and Avolio’s Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and Langley’s Values Scale (VS). Both the MLQ and VS were found reliable for the purpose of the study. The statistical analysis was conducted through correlation analyses. The results revealed that transactional and transformational leadership have a direct and positive influence on leadership success. Some support was found for the influence of transactional leadership and transformational leadership on leader-follower value congruence. The results also indicated some support for the influence of leaderfollower value congruence on leadership success. Some support was found for the proposition that leader-follower value congruence mediates the relationship between transactional leadership and leadership success. Conclusions were drawn from the results obtained and recommendations for future research are made.

A lot of effort is put into diversity by organizations today, but the diversity question mainly focuses on gender, ethnicity, cultural and beliefs (Robertson, et al., (2017), while one of the most daunting diversity challenges has been proven to be diversity between generations, which often goes overlooked and unaddressed. A new generation represent an increasing share of the work force and many of them are already today positioned in leading positions, aspiring for leadership positions or aiming to reach for management positions to be able to do difference. Organizations that understand how to successfully address generational conflict and leverage each generation’s strengths will be better able to keep employees motivated and productive amidst the social and economical changes.   This study aims to explore the leadership preferences and motivation factors for the Millennial Generation, in order to unlock their potential and be able to bridge this knowledge gap. The preferences were examined through a survey, targeting a study group of millennial knowledge workers with various backgrounds from different companies to be able to dismiss possible bias reflecting different cultures. The survey was performed by adopting items from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), based on Bass’ (1985) Transactional – Transformational leadership theory and the Career Orientation Inventory (COI) reflecting Schein’s (1985) theory about career anchors.   The survey was delivered through several channels and in the end a sample group of 105 Millennial knowledge workers were included in further analysis. An Explorative Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted to determine the underlying structure among the variables in the analysis. Since this research is based on previous studies (Blom, 2010), the methodology is chosen as a confirmatory approach with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to show how well the model fits the data. A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is performed to evaluate the relationship between the variables from Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) for Transactional and Transformation Leadership theory and Career Orientation Inventory for Career anchors.   Findings by Blom, (2010) reveal that the Millennial knowledge workers prefer leadership dimensions that involve intellectual stimulation and charisma, which correspond to a transformational leadership style compared to a transactional leadership style. This type of leadership focus on the change in individuals and creates valuable and positive changes, which inspires towards both common and individual goals. Similar results were obtained in our study and the relation with motivating factors shows that the sample group with higly educated people in the knowledge sector are motivated by having meaningful purpose with their job. They also wish to reach administrative positions in their companies and are interested by the thought of create and manage their own business. The interrelation between these factors determines the degree of satisfaction which is directly linked to the relationship between motivation and productivity. This is why it shall be one of the highest priorities of each organisation to find how to motivate their employees on an individual level, it is directly connected to productivity. Key words: Millennials, Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Career Anchors, knowledge workers

Tidigare forskning om ledarskap ger en bild av vilken ledarskapsstil som ger bäst resultat för organisationen och mest positiv effekt för följaren. Denna studie undersökte hur några av de vanligaste ledarskapsstilarna, Transformativt, Transaktionellt samt Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), skattades av följarna. Ett formulär med fyra fiktiva chefsbeskrivningar användes för kvantitativ datainsamling, där Transformativt ledarskap och låg nivå av LMX skattades högst. Att låg nivå av LMX skattades högre än hög nivå går mot vad tidigare forskning säger är den bästa approachen sett till prestation för organisationen och följarna. Kulturella skäl till detta motsatta resultat för LMX diskuteras. / The existing research in leadership has explored which style of leadership that generates the best results for the organization and has the most positive effect for the follower. This study looked at some of the most common leadership styles, Transformative, Transactional and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), and how they were rated by the followers. A form containing four fictitious manager descriptions were used. The result showed that transformative leadership and low level of LMX were rated highest. The fact that low level of LMX was rated higher than high level contradicts existing research claims. Cultural differences are suggested to account for the different rating of LMX in this research.

Background: At present, the level of globalisation in technological companies requires them to incorporate innovation to retain their position and move forward and grow. In this direction, a successful leader can prove beneficial in order to help the company evolve and flourish. A leader capable of boosting an innovative spirit among the employees and motivate them to strive for the welfare of the organisation can result in increased organisational performance. This terms are not separate from each other. Leadership, employee motivation, innovative spirit and organisational performance are interconnected and they constitute key elements for ensuring the positive future of every company.Objectives: The present study aims at investigating whether and how participative leadership and transactional leadership can affect the innovation and motivation of employees and by extension whether they can affect the organisational performance. Methodology: This thesis utilises a quantitative approach for data collection and data analysis. A structural equation model (SEM) has been created for the investigation. Employees of tech companies in Sweden and Belgium have been requested to answer an online questionnaire using Google forms. The employees of the companies hold different positions, educational backgrounds and professional experience. A total of 200 answers has been collected and analysed using STATA software both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: The results of the present study showed that there is a strong relationship with transactional leader with regards to stimulating the motivation of employees along with their innovative spirit. This can by extension result in improving organisational performance. Conclusions: The thesis showed that a common leadership style in tech companies, transactional leadership, can contribute in engaging employees to demonstrate a rather innovative attitude, be motivated and improve significantly organisational performance. The effect of transactional leadership needs to be directed through goals and rewards that increase motivation and innovation to have a positive impact on organisational performance, wrong goals and rewards can instead be seen as having a negative impact. Recommendations for future research: Future work could be focused on applying the present model in different sectors and industries. In addition, different leadership styles could be examined that are more fitting to the industry under investigation. Finally, applying the current model in different or broader sample or adding different constructs could be a rather interesting starting point for future research.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to introduce leadership concept based on theoretical knowledge. Another goal is to analyse leadership philosophy in certain company and propose leadership concept which focuses on increasing productivity, creativity and commitment of the employees to the company. Last but not least aim is to find a way to synchronize company and employee’s needs.

The purpose of the study was to investigate what employees in fine-dining restaurants perceive to be desirable characteristics of a leader based on transformative, transactional, and authoritarian leadership. The study was qualitative and used a deductive thematic analysis with eight semi-structured interviews. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) designed by Bass (1985) and authoritarian leadership was used as the theoretical background.   The two requirements to participate was for the respondents to have worked in a fine-dining restaurant within the last two years. The results showed that the desirable characteristics of a leader were committed, encouraging, solution-oriented, creative, patient, responsive, caring, ambitious, relationship-building, and communicative. The desirable qualities characterize a transformative leadership. The results of the study may be relevant to the development of leadership in fine-dining restaurants.

La presente investigación bibliográfica tiene como propósito explicar cómo el liderazgo transformacional impacta en la creatividad e innovación de los individuos que conforman las empresas. Para lograr dicho objetivo, se describirán los principales argumentos de diferentes autores que han investigado y escrito sobre el impacto del liderazgo transformacional en la creatividad e innovación. Sin embargo, también se señalarán algunas posiciones que no consideran a dicho estilo de liderazgo como un factor relevante en el impulso de la creatividad e innovación. Finalmente, a partir de este balance bibliográfico, se arribará a la conclusión de que sí existe una relación entre el liderazgo transformacional y el impulso de la creatividad e innovación en las empresas. / The purpose of this bibliographic research is to explain how transformational leadership impacts the creativity and innovation of the individuals that make up companies. To achieve this objective, the main arguments of different authors who have researched and written about the impact of transformational leadership on creativity and innovation will be described. However, some positions that do not consider said leadership style as a relevant factor in promoting creativity and innovation will also be pointed out. Finally, based on this bibliographic balance, it will be concluded that there is a relationship between transformational leadership and the drive for creativity and innovation in companies. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The Nigerian banking industry has recently witnessed a major scandal resulting from financial impropriety of some corporate leaders in the industry. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) invested the sum of N620 billion ($4.1 billion) as part of a direct bailout package to 8 banks, and removed top executives of those banks for gross leadership ineptitude. The leadership ineptitude is an indication of the need to better understand effective leadership practices in the Nigerian banking industry. Grounded in transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this multiple case study was to explore bank leaders' effective leadership practices used to sustain bank growth in Nigeria beyond 5 years. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 5 Nigerian bank CEOs, direct observation, and document reviews. During thematic analysis, 4 themes emerged including establishing a direction, inspiring and motivating employees, raising other leaders, and developing and using leadership competence. The implications for positive social change include the potential for bank leaders to identify sustainable leadership practices, improve profitability, create more job opportunities, and ease unemployment problems in the community.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to advance the literature on leadership by investigating the Full Range Leadership Model (FRLM) Bass and Avolio (1994-1997) in the context of the Colleges of Technology (CoTs) in Oman. Design/methodology/approach – In order to achieve the research objective and answer the research questions, a qualitative study was undertaken. The data was obtained by two methods, namely semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The semi-structured interviews were held with College Deans, Heads of Departments (HoDs) and teachers. The focus groups were carried out with seven groups of students from four CoTs. The data was analysed by a thematic approach, following the systematic steps outlined by Braun and Clarke (2006). Findings – Significant relationships were found between the transactional leadership approach and institutional theory (Isomorphism and legitimacy). The findings advance leadership knowledge by exploring the relationship between the components of FRLM, transformational and the transactional leadership approaches in hierarchical levels of leadership in the context of the CoTs in Oman. Both the Deans and the HoDs employed transactional leadership approaches to ensure compliance with the requirements of the Ministry of Manpower. Moreover, the study extended the leadership literature by exploring the interaction between leadership approaches of the Deans and the HoDs on multi-national teachers and Omani students. Originality/value – The originality of this research lies in its exploration of the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership approaches in hierarchical levels of academic leadership and its identification of the characteristics of effective leadership in HEIs from a multicultural perspective. / Ministry of Manpower (MoMP)