Les aciers renforcés par dispersion d’oxydes (ODS) sont des matériaux candidats pourconstituer les gaines de combustibles des réacteurs nucléaires de IVème génération refroidis au sodium(RNR-Na). Le soudage par résistance en bout de ces gaines est étudié dans ce travail, avec pourobjectif la détermination et la compréhension des effets du procédé sur l’évolution de la microstructuredes aciers ODS à 9 % et 14 % de chrome à l’échelle des grains et des oxydes nanométriques. Uneapproche couplant caractérisations microstructurales sur soudures, simulation numérique et simulationphysique du procédé, à l’aide d’un simulateur thermomécanique Gleeble 3500, est adoptée. Le soudagepar résistance en bout impose localement des conditions de sollicitations sévères en termes dedéformation, vitesse de déformation et température. Ces sollicitations induisent un affinement de lamicrostructure dont l’origine peut être attribuée à un mécanisme de recristallisation dynamique (acier à14 % de chrome) ou à l’association de la recristallisation dynamique et des transformations de phase(acier à 9 % de chrome). Les conditions d’occurrence de la recristallisation dynamique sont étudiéessur ces matériaux. On montre notamment la possibilité d’une transition entre recristallisation dynamiquecontinue et discontinue sur l’acier à 14 % de chrome en fonction des conditions de sollicitation. Il estégalement observé que ces sollicitations thermomécaniques sévères induisent une augmentation de lataille des oxydes nanométriques associée à une diminution de leur fraction volumique. / Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels are considered as candidate materials for thedevelopment of fuel cladding for sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFR). Resistance upset welding of thecladding is studied in this work. The aim is to determine and to understand the process effects on themicrostructure of ODS steels with 9% and 14% of chromium at the scales of the grains and thenanometric oxides. An approach coupling microstructural characterization of welds, numericalsimulation and physical simulation of the process, using a thermomechanical simulator Gleeble 3500,is proposed. Resistance welding locally imposes severe thermomechanical conditions in terms of strain,strain rate and temperature. Refinement of the microstructure is noted and correspond to a dynamicrecrystallization mechanism (14 % Cr steel) or the combination of dynamic recrystallization and phasetransformations (9 % Cr steel). The conditions of occurrence of dynamic recrystallization are studied.The possibility of a transition between continuous and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization is shownfor the 14 % Cr steel according to the loading conditions. Such severe thermomechanical conditionsinduce an increase in the size of nanoscale oxides associated with a decrease of their volume fraction.

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2016-02-01T18:45:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sonia Silva Paiva Mota Gonçalves.pdf: 1987630 bytes, checksum: ad9c466ce0c330565126dc79b3e0218a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T18:45:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sonia Silva Paiva Mota Gonçalves.pdf: 1987630 bytes, checksum: ad9c466ce0c330565126dc79b3e0218a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Conselho Regional de Enfermagem - Rio de Janeiro - COREN-RJ / Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial / O uso abusivo do álcool e outras drogas são destacados pelo Ministério da Saúde como um dos principais problemas de saúde pública. Na rede extra-hospitalar de saúde há pouco esclarecimento dos profissionais quanto às atribuições junto aos usuários de álcool e outras drogas. Tal fato se complica em virtude dos próprios usuários preferirem recorrer à internação como forma de resolução dos agravos decorrentes do uso abusivo de álcool e outras drogas. Por não se sentir capaz de estabelecer trocas sociais e afetivas fora do ambiente hospitalar, o usuário de drogas, principalmente o alcolista, elege a hospitalização como um momento de pausa, controle e possibilidade de cura do sofrimento. Neste sentido, a atuação do enfermeiro junto a usuários de álcool e outras drogas deve levar em consideração uma complexa rede de interações e instituições para a garantia da integralidade da assistência. Este estudo tem como objetivos: conhecer as demandas do usuário de álcool e outras drogas na rede de saúde extra-hospitalar; descrever quais são as atividades desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro no atendimento ao usuário de álcool e outras drogas e analisar a relação entre o enfermeiro e o SUS na busca da integralidade da assistência. Na equipe de saúde, os enfermeiros são os profissionais que mantêm maior contato com os usuários, com grande potencial para reconhecer os problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool e drogas e desenvolver ações assistenciais. O presente estudo constitui uma pesquisa qualitativa de abordagem descritiva de campo, tendo como cenário a Região Centro-Sul Fluminense. Os sujeitos são trinta enfermeiros da rede extra-hospitalar, compreendendo coordenações de Programas do Ministério da Saúde, unidades de PSF, CAPS I, CAPS AD e Comunidade Terapêutica. Os dados foram coletados por meio da realização de entrevista semi-estruturada e analisados de acordo com a análise temática de conteúdo. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do CCM/UFF, em 2004. Como resultados observaram-se que a demanda por atendimento do usuário de álcool e outras drogas ocorre de forma espontânea direta ou indireta, por busca ativa e que alguns enfermeiros não identificam esta demanda em sua unidade ou não sabem informar como ocorre a demanda. Foram identificadas ações de enfermagem no âmbito da prevenção, tratamento e reabilitação. Entre as dificuldades apontadas estão a não aceitação pelo usuário ao tratamento, falta de capacitação para o atendimento, dificuldade de acesso, tempo não disponível em virtude do acúmulo de atividades. Os dados analisados apontam para necessidade de o enfermeiro redirecionar a sua prática junto a esta clientela, buscando formas inovadoras e criativas que assegurem maior resolutividade de suas ações. Conclui-se que a própria rede de serviços, e não apenas o enfermeiro, não responde as necessidades de saúde do usuário de álcool e outras drogas na perspectiva da integralidade da assistência. Contudo, alguns avanços já foram obtidos pelos enfermeiros, como por exemplo, a construção de vínculo com a comunidade local e a percepção de suas próprias fragilidades e necessidades de capacitação / The abusive use of alcohol and other drugs is detached by the Ministry of Health as one of the main problems of public health. In the net of health extra-hospital the professionals receive little explanation about their attributions close to the users of alcohol and other drugs. Such fact gets complicated because of the own users prefer to appeal the internment as form of resolution of consequent problems of the abusive use of alcohol and other drugs. For not feeling capable to establish social and affective changes out of the hospital environment, the user of drugs, mainly of alcohol, chooses hospitalization as a moment of pause, control and possibility of cure of the suffering. In this sense, the nurse's performance close to users of alcohol and other drugs should take into account a complex net of interactions and institutions for the warranty of the completeness of the assistance. This study has as objectives: to know the demands of the user of drugs in the net of health extra-hospital; to describe which are the activities developed by the nurse in the in the service to the user of alcohol and other drugs, and to analyze the relationship between the nurse and the SUS in the search of the completeness of the assistance. In the health team, the nurses are the professionals whom maintain larger contact with the users, with great potential for to recognize the problems related to the use of alcohol and drugs, and to develop assistance actions. The present study constitutes a qualitative research of descriptive approach of field, having as scenery the Area Fluminense South Center. The subjects are thirty nurses of the net extra-hospital, including coordination of Programs of the Ministry of Health, units of PSF, CAPS I, AD CAPS and Therapeutic Community. The data were collected through the accomplishment of semi-structured interview and analyzed in agreement with the analysis content theme. The project was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research of CCM/UFF, 2004. As results were observed that the demand for attendance of the users of alcohol and other drugs occurs of direct or indirect spontaneous form, for active search. Some nurses do not identify this demand in their unit or do not know to inform how the demand occurs. Nursing actions in the scope of the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation were identified. Amongst the pointed difficulties are the non acceptance for the user to the treatment, lack of qualification for the attendance, access difficulty, not available time in virtue of the accumulation of activities. The analyzed appear for nurse's need to redirect their practice close to this clientele, looking for innovative and creative forms that assure larger effectiveness of their actions. In conclusion, the own services net, and not only the nurse, does not answer the health needs of the users of alcohol and other drugs in the perspective of the completeness of the assistance. However, some progresses were already obtained by the nurses, as for example, the construction of bond with the local community and the perception of their own fragilities and qualification needs

In the thesis the design of the Data Storage System (DSS) is proposed with the respect to the V-Model methodology. The design is based on users requirements, from which the system requirements are created and the technical specification of the DSS is developed. In the technical specifications the functionality of the DMM and HMI DSS subsystems are described and sub-system requirements are assigned to them, then they are subdivided and assigned to individual DMM (Data memory module) and HMI hardware items. Moreover, requirements are analyzed on hardware items, specific electronic components, are selected and implemented into the block design of the DMM hardware. Based on the block design of hardware, the hardware of the DMM subsystem is designed, selectively simulated and implemented along with the printed circuit board. On the implemented hardware of the DMM subsystems measurements are performed in order to verify the basic functionality of the hardware and the calculated, assimilated and measured values are compared as well. At the end of the thesis there is a short description of the implementation of the software design and its use for basic initialization of the selected processor, together with the verification of its basic function - measuring the frequency of the internal clock sources and the clock domains. The work is completed by sending a message of defined parameters to the selected communication line and sapling it by an oscilloscope, so that the basic function of the DMM subsystem is verified.

No description available.

The specific aim of this research study was to identify, explore, describe and interpret the factors related to school refusal of black adolescents. An overview of literature was used to arrive at a broader appreciation of issues pertaining to school refusal phenomenon and also to black adolescents. Ten subjects participated in this study. Data were gathered qualitatively using ethnographic interviews. The following factors were found to be contributory to the problem of school refusal: School refusers who stay with grandparents instead of staying with biological parents; fear of something specific at school; lack of insight into the refusal problem; lover plays a role in refusal behaviour; protective parents; poor social relationships; fathers that play a marginal role in the family; parents' worldview; emotional problems and weak or no attempts to stop behaviour. The emphasis was on the understanding of the refusal phenomenon rather than on cause and effect. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (with specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)

Over the past couple of decades Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become increasingly useful in a variety of domains. This is due to their low cost and flexibility compared to custom ASICs. This increasing interest in FPGAs has driven the need for tools that both qualify and improve the reliability of FPGAs for applications where the reconfigurability of FPGAs makes them vulnerable to radiation upsets such as in aerospace environments. Such tools ideally work with a wide variety of devices, are highly programmable but simple to use, and perform tasks at relatively high speeds. Of the various FPGA configuration interfaces available, the Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) standard for serial communication is the most universally compatible interface due to its use for verifying integrated circuits and testing printed circuit board connectivity. This universality makes it a good interface for tools seeking to access FPGA configuration memory. This thesis introduces a new tool architecture for high-speed, programmable JTAG access to FPGA configuration memory. This tool, called the JTAG Configuration Manager (JCM), is made up of a large C++ software library that runs on an embedded micro-processor coupled with a hardware JTAG controller module implemented in programmable logic. The JCM software library allows for the development of custom JTAG communication of any kind, although this thesis focuses on applications related to FPGA reliability. The JCM hardware controller module allows these software-generated JTAG sequences to be streamed out at very high speeds. Together the software and hardware provide the high-speed and programmability that is important for many JTAG applications.

En la presente tesis se propone una metodología de desarrollo de estrategias híbridas para la mitigación de fallos inducidos por radiación en los sistemas empotrados modernos. La propuesta se basa en los principios del co-diseño de sistemas y consiste en la combinación selectiva, incremental y flexible de enfoques de tolerancia a fallos basados en hardware y software. Es decir, la exploración del espacio de soluciones se fundamenta en una estrategia híbrida de grano fino. El flujo de diseño está guiado por los requisitos de la aplicación. Esta metodología se ha denominado: co-endurecimiento. De esta forma, es posible diseñar sistemas embebidos confiables a bajo coste, donde no sólo se satisfagan los requisitos de confiabilidad y las restricciones de diseño, sino que también se evite el uso excesivo de costosos mecanismos de protección (hardware y software).

The specific aim of this research study was to identify, explore, describe and interpret the factors related to school refusal of black adolescents. An overview of literature was used to arrive at a broader appreciation of issues pertaining to school refusal phenomenon and also to black adolescents. Ten subjects participated in this study. Data were gathered qualitatively using ethnographic interviews. The following factors were found to be contributory to the problem of school refusal: School refusers who stay with grandparents instead of staying with biological parents; fear of something specific at school; lack of insight into the refusal problem; lover plays a role in refusal behaviour; protective parents; poor social relationships; fathers that play a marginal role in the family; parents' worldview; emotional problems and weak or no attempts to stop behaviour. The emphasis was on the understanding of the refusal phenomenon rather than on cause and effect. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (with specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)

En raison de leur impact sur la fiabilité des systèmes, les effets du rayonnement cosmique sur l’électronique ont été étudiés dès le début de l’exploration spatiale. Néanmoins, de récentes évolutions industrielles bouleversent les pratiques dans le domaine, les technologies standard devenant de plus en plus attrayantes pour réaliser des circuits durcis aux radiations. Du fait de leurs fréquences élevées, des nouvelles architectures de transistor et des temps de durcissement réduits, les puces fabriquées suivant les derniers procédés CMOS posent de nombreux défis. Ce travail s’attelle donc à la simulation des aléas logiques permanents (SEU) et transitoires (SET), en technologies FD-SOI et bulk Si avancées. La réponse radiative des transistors FD-SOI 28 nm est tout d’abord étudiée par le biais de simulations TCAD, amenant au développement de deux modèles innovants pour décrire les courants induits par particules ionisantes en FD-SOI. Le premier est principalement comportemental, tandis que le second capture des phénomènes complexes tels que l’amplification bipolaire parasite et la rétroaction du circuit, à partir des premiers principes de semi-conducteurs et en accord avec les simulations TCAD poussées.Ces modèles compacts sont alors couplés à une plateforme de simulation Monte Carlo du taux d’erreurs radiatives (SER) conduisant à une large validation sur des données expérimentales recueillies sous faisceau de particules. Enfin, des études par simulation prédictive sont présentées sur des cellules mémoire et portes logiques en FD-SOI 28 nm et bulk Si 65 nm, permettant d’approfondir la compréhension des mécanismes contribuant au SER en orbite des circuits intégrés modernes / The effects of cosmic radiation on electronics have been studied since the early days of space exploration, given the severe reliability constraints arising from harsh space environments. However, recent evolutions in the space industry landscape are changing radiation effects practices and methodologies, with mainstream technologies becoming increasingly attractive for radiation-hardened integrated circuits. Due to their high operating frequencies, new transistor architectures, and short rad-hard development times, chips manufactured in latest CMOS processes pose a variety of challenges, both from an experimental standpoint and for modeling perspectives. This work thus focuses on simulating single-event upsets and transients in advanced FD-SOI and bulk silicon processes.The soft-error response of 28 nm FD-SOI transistors is first investigated through TCAD simulations, allowing to develop two innovative models for radiation-induced currents in FD-SOI. One of them is mainly behavioral, while the other captures complex phenomena, such as parasitic bipolar amplification and circuit feedback effects, from first semiconductor principles and in agreement with detailed TCAD simulations.These compact models are then interfaced to a complete Monte Carlo Soft-Error Rate (SER) simulation platform, leading to extensive validation against experimental data collected on several test vehicles under accelerated particle beams. Finally, predictive simulation studies are presented on bit-cells, sequential and combinational logic gates in 28 nm FD-SOI and 65 nm bulk Si, providing insights into the mechanisms that contribute to the SER of modern integrated circuits in orbit

CubeSat missions needs components that are tolerant against the radiation in space. The hardware components must be reliable, and it must not compromise the functionality on-board during the mission. At the same time, the cost of hardware and its development should not be high. Hence, this thesis discusses the design and development of a CubeSat architecture using a Commercial Off-The- Shelf (COTS) Multi-Processor System on Chip (MPSoC). The architecture employs an affordable Rad-Hard Micro-Controller Unit as a Supervisor for the MPSoC. Also, it uses several radiation mitigation techniques such as the Latch-up protection circuit to protect it against Single-Event Latch-ups (SELs), Readback scrubbing for Non- Volatile Memories (NVMs) such as NOR Flash and Configuration scrubbing for the FPGA present in the MPSoC to protect it against Single-Event Upset (SEU)s, reliable communication using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) and Space packet protocol. Apart from such functionalities, the Supervisor executes tasks such as Watchdog that monitors the liveliness of the applications running in the MPSoC, data logging, performing Over-The-Air Software/Firmware update. The thesis work implements functionalities such as Communication, Readback memory scrubbing, Configuration scrubbing using SEM-IP, Watchdog, and Software/Firmware update. The execution times of the functionalities are presented for the application done in the Supervisor. As for the Configuration scrubbing that was implemented in Programmable Logic (PL)/FPGA, results of area and latency are reported. / CubeSat-uppdrag behöver komponenter som är toleranta mot strålningen i rymden. Maskinvarukomponenterna måste vara pålitliga och funktionaliteten ombord får inte äventyras under uppdraget. Samtidigt bör kostnaden för hårdvara och dess utveckling inte vara hög. Därför diskuterar denna avhandling design och utveckling av en CubeSatarkitektur med hjälp av COTS (eng. Custom-off-The-Shelf) MPSoC (eng. Multi Processor System-on-Chip). Arkitekturen använder en prisvärd strålningshärdad (eng. Rad-Hard) Micro-Controller Unit(MCU) som Övervakare för MPSoC:en och använder också flera tekniker för att begränsa strålningens effekter såsom kretser för att skydda kretsen från s.k. Single Event Latch-Ups (SELs), återläsningsskrubbning för icke-volatila minnen (eng. Non-Volatile Memories) NVMs som NOR Flash och skrubbning av konfigurationsminnet skrubbning för FPGA:er i MPSoC:en för att skydda dem mot Single-Event Upsets (SEUs), och tillhandahålla pålitlig kommunikation mha CRC och Space Packet Protocol. Bortsett från sådana funktioner utför Övervakaren uppgifter som Watchdog för att övervaka att applikationerna som körs i MPSoC:en fortfarande är vid liv, dataloggning, och Over- the-Air-uppdateringar av programvaran/Firmware. Examensarbetet implementerar funktioner såsom kommunikation, återläsningsskrubbning av minnet, konfigurationsminnesskrubbning mha SEM- IP, Watchdog och uppdatering av programvara/firmware. Exekveringstiderna för utförandet av funktionerna presenteras för den applikationen som körs i Övervakaren. När det gäller konfigurationsminnesskrubbningen som implementerats i den programmerbara logiken i FPGA:n, rapporteras area och latens.