Orientador: Bárbara Fadel / Banca: Ethel Volfzon Kosminsky / Banca: Márcia Garcia / Resumo: A tendência de separar zonas de moradias para camadas sociais distintas da população é recorrente nas cidades. A segregação urbana é um processo discriminatório que pode ser enfocado sob vários ângulos. O estudo é de um caso de auto-segregação - isolamento voluntário de indivíduos ou grupos - na cidade de Marília, interior de São Paulo. Examina-se o fenômeno dos condomínios horizontais a partir de relatos de agentes imobiliários, de alguns moradores de um condomínio e simpatizantes pela opção. O referencial metodológico utilizado remete à corrente de pesquisa conhecida como interacionismo simbólico mais especificamente o de concepção fenomenológica. Pela descrição e análise de raciocínios empregados pelos relatantes busca-se uma explicação descritiva sobre um caso particular. Considera-se três aspectos principais: a importância da moradia como sinal de status; os mecanismos que criam a sensação de segurança nos condomínios horizontais; e a pretensão de autonomia nos empreendimentos que têm como objetivo a criação de micro-comunidades, como simulacros de um ideal de vida passado. Ao apresentar espaços coletivos internos como similares ao que um dia foi espaço público, altera-se público para coletivo no sentido de entender coletivo como público selecionado. / Abstract: The tendency to separate dwelling zones for distinct social levels of the population is quite common in the cities. The urban segregation is a discriminatory process that can be focused from different points of view. The study is about a case of self-segregation - voluntary isolation of individuals or human groups - in Marília, São Paulo. The phenomenum of the horizontal condominiums is examined starting from accounts given by real estate agents, by people who live in a condominium and people who like the idea. The methodology used in this paper is the research method known as symbolic interactionism in its phenomenological version. This study is conducted following the analysis and the description of the reasoning used by those who were interviewed and tries to find a descriptive explanation for one particular case. The main aspects considered are the importance of dwelling as a status symbol; the processes which create the sensation of security in horizontal condominiums; and the idea of autonomy in the undertakings which have as an objective the creation of micro-communities as an imitation of an ideal life in the past. As they present internal collective spaces as if they were similar to a public space which existed once, one changes public to collective in order to understand collective as a selected public. KEY WORDS: urban anthropology; urban segregation; cities; horizontal condominiums; sociability. / Mestre

Um dos campos mais ativos da Psicologia Social brasileira hoje é a comunidade, definida aqui no contexto territorial de sua existência. Este trabalho tem como base uma pesquisa de campo realizada com moradores de um território específico, o Jardim Chácara Bananal, situado no distrito do Jardim Ângela, zona sul da cidade de São Paulo. A população que habita esse espaço é predominantemente de migrantes que, atraídos pelo processo de industrialização da região de Santo Amaro e da marginal do Rio Pinheiros, instalaram-se de maneira precária nas áreas periféricas; posteriormente foram empurrados para regiões mais distantes do centro da Cidade, em razão da especulação imobiliária. Esses espaços, que não foram planejados e, por isso, não contavam com infraestrutura para abrigar esses habitantes, são áreas de manancial do município de São Paulo; sua ocupação atribui a seus moradores o status de irregulares. A própria ideia de irregularidade confere a eles um tratamento de exceção no que diz respeito às regras aplicadas aos considerados regulares, desaplicando-se aos encerrados naquela condição. O que pretendo é revelar como as pessoas que vivem nesse lugar compreendem-se na condição de irregular. Nesse sentido, descobri no território mais do que uma delimitação ou inscrição em mapas: um espaço de vida, de sociabilidade e, consequentemente, um lugar de constituição e transformação de subjetividades. Essas pessoas têm suas subjetividades afetadas pela irregularidade. Assim, são marcadas pelo medo de serem removidas de suas casas, pela própria definição como sujeitos irregulares pelo poder público; também o são pela forma de se comunicarem, pelas táticas de sobrevivência e pela relação patrimonialista com alguns políticos, dentre outros aspectos decorrentes. Por outro lado, são também subjetividades de pessoas que se veem como cidadãos de direitos, que acreditam na solidariedade e que lutam para ser reconhecidos como pertencentes à cidade. O material que será apresentado é fruto de observações de campo e de entrevistas com esses moradores. O território é revelador de significativas alternativas de enfrentamento de adversidades. As narrativas e histórias de vida de seus moradores estão marcadas por essas alternativas. É importante que elas sejam reconhecidas e consideradas pelos gestores públicos ao se conceberem políticas e intervenções em áreas vulneráveis socialmente, visando levar dignidade ao povo que as habita / Nowadays, one of the most active fields of the Brazilian Social Psychology is the community, defined here in the territorial context of its existence. The basis of this dissertation is a fieldwork done with people living in a specific territory called Jardim Chácara Bananal, which is in Jardim Ângela district, southern area of São Paulo city. The people living there are mainly migrants who were attracted by the industrialization process both in Santo Amaro district and Pinheiros River marginal road, and this is why they installed themselves precariously in the peripheral area. Later on they were pushed to areas further from the center of the city, because of estate speculation. Such areas, which were not planned and, therefore, did not have any infrastructure to take in those inhabitants, are fountainheads of São Paulo city, which gives their inhabitants an irregular status. The very idea of irregularity provides them with a treatment of exception as to the rules applied to the ones who are considered regular. What I intend to do is to show how the people living in those areas see themselves in the condition of being irregular. In the territory studied, I found out more than a border or a reference in a map: it is a space of life, of sociability, and, therefore, it is a place where subjectivity is constituted and transformed. Such people´s subjectivity is affected by irregularity. They are marked by the fear of being taken from their houses, by the very definition of being irregular from the government´s point of view, as well as by the very way they communicate, by their survival tactics and the patrimonial relationship with some politicians. On the other hand, it is the subjectivity of people who see themselves as citizens who have rights, who believe in solidarity and who strive to be recognized as belonging to the city. The material presented here comes from field observations and interviews with the inhabitants of the territory studied. The territory reveals significant alternatives to face adversities. Both the narratives and the stories of its inhabitants´ lives are marked by those alternatives. It is important that public managers recognize and take them into account when they conceive policies and interventions for socially vulnerable areas, so as to give dignity to the people who live there

Esta é uma pesquisa antropológica sobre a memória coletiva do trabalho ferroviário, realizada na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A etnografia se fundamentou na interlocução com trabalhadores/as ferroviários/as aposentados/as e suas famílias e tem como enfoque interpretativo as “narrativas de si” destes sujeitos. A investigação integra o campo temático da Antropologia Urbana e da Antropologia do Trabalho, tendo como principal problemática a crise do transporte ferroviário no Brasil, que tem como ápice a privatização da Rede Ferroviária Federal, ao longo da década de 1990. Tendo a memória como principal chave para entender esta drástica transformação, interessou-me as maneiras pelas quais os sujeitos fazem durar no tempo a relação de pertencimento com o mundo do trabalho. Atentei, também, para como lidavam narrativa e cotidianamente com a crise, que significou o desmantelamento de uma comunidade afetiva. Por fim, ressalto os diferentes projetos exercidos pelos aposentados, visando a manutenção da memória coletiva ferroviária. / This is an anthropological research about collective memory of railroadwork, who took place in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. The ethnography is based upon the interlocution with retired railroadmen and railroadwomans and is focused on the “narrative of itself” of them. This investigation integrate the thematic field of Urban Anthropology and Anthropology of Work and Labour, having as it lead inquiry the crisis of the railroad transportation in Brazil, which had as his peak the privatization of the “Rede Ferroviária Federal”, along the 1990s. Having the memory as the primary key to understand this drastic transformation, interested me the manners with the persons make endure in time their relation with the world of labour. I observed, also, how the retirees take control of they own narrative about the crisis on their everyday life. In the end, I emphasize different projects held by the retirees, on their way to maintain the railroad collective memory.

Um dos campos mais ativos da Psicologia Social brasileira hoje é a comunidade, definida aqui no contexto territorial de sua existência. Este trabalho tem como base uma pesquisa de campo realizada com moradores de um território específico, o Jardim Chácara Bananal, situado no distrito do Jardim Ângela, zona sul da cidade de São Paulo. A população que habita esse espaço é predominantemente de migrantes que, atraídos pelo processo de industrialização da região de Santo Amaro e da marginal do Rio Pinheiros, instalaram-se de maneira precária nas áreas periféricas; posteriormente foram empurrados para regiões mais distantes do centro da Cidade, em razão da especulação imobiliária. Esses espaços, que não foram planejados e, por isso, não contavam com infraestrutura para abrigar esses habitantes, são áreas de manancial do município de São Paulo; sua ocupação atribui a seus moradores o status de irregulares. A própria ideia de irregularidade confere a eles um tratamento de exceção no que diz respeito às regras aplicadas aos considerados regulares, desaplicando-se aos encerrados naquela condição. O que pretendo é revelar como as pessoas que vivem nesse lugar compreendem-se na condição de irregular. Nesse sentido, descobri no território mais do que uma delimitação ou inscrição em mapas: um espaço de vida, de sociabilidade e, consequentemente, um lugar de constituição e transformação de subjetividades. Essas pessoas têm suas subjetividades afetadas pela irregularidade. Assim, são marcadas pelo medo de serem removidas de suas casas, pela própria definição como sujeitos irregulares pelo poder público; também o são pela forma de se comunicarem, pelas táticas de sobrevivência e pela relação patrimonialista com alguns políticos, dentre outros aspectos decorrentes. Por outro lado, são também subjetividades de pessoas que se veem como cidadãos de direitos, que acreditam na solidariedade e que lutam para ser reconhecidos como pertencentes à cidade. O material que será apresentado é fruto de observações de campo e de entrevistas com esses moradores. O território é revelador de significativas alternativas de enfrentamento de adversidades. As narrativas e histórias de vida de seus moradores estão marcadas por essas alternativas. É importante que elas sejam reconhecidas e consideradas pelos gestores públicos ao se conceberem políticas e intervenções em áreas vulneráveis socialmente, visando levar dignidade ao povo que as habita / Nowadays, one of the most active fields of the Brazilian Social Psychology is the community, defined here in the territorial context of its existence. The basis of this dissertation is a fieldwork done with people living in a specific territory called Jardim Chácara Bananal, which is in Jardim Ângela district, southern area of São Paulo city. The people living there are mainly migrants who were attracted by the industrialization process both in Santo Amaro district and Pinheiros River marginal road, and this is why they installed themselves precariously in the peripheral area. Later on they were pushed to areas further from the center of the city, because of estate speculation. Such areas, which were not planned and, therefore, did not have any infrastructure to take in those inhabitants, are fountainheads of São Paulo city, which gives their inhabitants an irregular status. The very idea of irregularity provides them with a treatment of exception as to the rules applied to the ones who are considered regular. What I intend to do is to show how the people living in those areas see themselves in the condition of being irregular. In the territory studied, I found out more than a border or a reference in a map: it is a space of life, of sociability, and, therefore, it is a place where subjectivity is constituted and transformed. Such people´s subjectivity is affected by irregularity. They are marked by the fear of being taken from their houses, by the very definition of being irregular from the government´s point of view, as well as by the very way they communicate, by their survival tactics and the patrimonial relationship with some politicians. On the other hand, it is the subjectivity of people who see themselves as citizens who have rights, who believe in solidarity and who strive to be recognized as belonging to the city. The material presented here comes from field observations and interviews with the inhabitants of the territory studied. The territory reveals significant alternatives to face adversities. Both the narratives and the stories of its inhabitants´ lives are marked by those alternatives. It is important that public managers recognize and take them into account when they conceive policies and interventions for socially vulnerable areas, so as to give dignity to the people who live there

Ce petit échantillon d’une étude ethnographique, fait à partir de la méthode d’observation participante, interroge la nature de la tendance de la mode auprès de jeunes citadins au coeur d'un centre urbain francophone du Canada. Les participants identifient un « look » comme étant emblématique du Plateau, un arrondissement de Montréal qui est démographiquement divers et contenant beaucoup de commerces dynamiques. Le Plateau a été promu par les organisations de la ville de Montréal comme le point central de la mode, arts et culture. Locaux ou simples touristes voient le Plateau comme un environnement aidant à la transformation personnelle et à l’autoréalisation, particulièrement chez les locaux de 18-30 ans. Plus particulièrement, les membres appartenant à cette tranche d’âge conçoivent leurs propres interprétations de la mode et participent à un certains nombres de projets créatifs en vue de réaliser d’authentiques et véritables expressions de soi. Cependant, à cause de la commercialisation de la mode présentée pour les consommateurs du Plateau, la jeune population perçoit le courant dominant du « hipster » comme n’étant plus l’authentique représentation à leur course à l’authenticité individuelle dans un monde en perpétuel globalisation. La chercheuse a découvert l’existence d’une idéologie de l’individu restreint à ce quartier. Vu l’animosité présente parmi la population locale du Plateau pour le courant principal hipster, l’ensemble de ces données montrent qu’il y a un besoin d’une meilleure compréhension de la relation entre la commercialisation de la mode occidentale et de ces acheteurs au niveau de l’individu et au niveau local dans les espaces urbaine en perpétuel globalisation. Le contexte de la mode dans cet environnement est contraint par l’hypothèse de la valeur qu'être différent est imaginé et digne d’intérêt dans cette communauté si et seulement si quelqu’un est confiant au point de se tenir debout avec ses idéaux au milieu des autres. / This small-scale ethnographic study conducted through methods of participant-observation investigates the nature of fashionable trends among a selected urban youth populace found in a large urban center in French-speaking Canada. Participants identify one “look” as emblematic of the Plateau, a demographically diverse and commercially dynamic borough. The Plateau is promoted by its municipal organizations as a hub of Montreal’s fashion, arts and culture. Locals and tourists treat the Plateau as an environment which facilitates the performance of self-realization and transformation, particularly among locals aged 18 to 30. Members of this age set appropriate fashionable dress and participate in many creative pursuits in order to make real authentic expressions of their embodied selves. However, as commercial fashions are introduced to local consumers, the youth perceives the mainstream “hipster” look to be an inauthentic representation of their quest to be authentically individual. The researcher discovers the existence of an ideology of individuality restricted to the boundaries of the borough. Given the animosity present among the Plateau’s local population for the mainstream hipster look, collectively these findings suggest there is a need to better understand the relationship negotiated between commercial Western fashion and its consumers at the level of the individual and in the local in ever globalizing urban spaces. The context of fashion in this environment is branded by the assumption that the value of being different is imagined and worthwhile in this community only if one has the confidence to stand alone within its disunion.

This thesis explores the interplay between practices of activism and planning through a focus on place. By developing an understanding of place as a multi-situated and multi-scalar concept, I show how a theoretical approach based on a revision of the concept of place can bridge and contribute to both the fields of anthropology of planning and of social movements. Providing a series of insights into the Milanese urban periferia (outskirts) this research argues that activism and planning are continuously engaged in redefining the field of political action. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, archival and historical research, my work shows the empirical interplay between planning and politics as a central arena for the shaping of broader historical and geographical tensions. A number of controversies and episodes of protest are examined to illustrate the experiences of activists and citizens involved across different periods of contemporary Milanese history. I approached these events as elements of place-making; processes where different subjectivities, practices and ideas come together as transformative, ever-changing instances. The neighbourhood of Quarto Oggiaro in the extreme outskirts of the city has provided a setting for fieldwork research to address the idea of the anthropological places as the result of a mutual constitution between myself as the researcher and the people I encountered in the field who were engaged in defining their environment. This approach resulted central to producing collaborative processes and for unfolding a relational interpretation of places. By engaging with these experiences this thesis demonstrates the need for examining the categories and practices of political and planning imagination and the multiple practices of world-making to make a significant contribution to understanding the human and social contexts of modern urban realities.

In this thesis I investigate the narrative rendering of urban experiences and the place of agency within these renderings, looking in particular at the personal stories of urban dwellers. Grounded in anthropological fieldwork in Britain - in the town of Romford (Essex) to the east of London - but also relying on written sources on British social realities, this thesis challenges the idea and practice of a traditional place-based ethnography, calling in turn for an anthropological appreciation of the individual writing of human experience. This I define as the considered ordering of the forms in terms of which individuals experience their lives. I recognise that such ‘writing', conceived as a cognitive pursuit, is possible within speech and not, as some may have it, the exclusive preserve of literary culture. In allowing that individuals may exercise authorship over their lives in this way, I find it is possible, as well as potentially illuminating, to compare individuals' writings, their personal accounts of their lives, with other genres for writing the reality of urban and peri-urban milieux in Britain. I hear significant correspondences between each story-genre, especially as regards the impacts of town planning on urban space for the populations that inhabit it, and discuss the possible theoretical implications of this correspondence. I focus extensively on two such genres in addition to personal stories: the sociological - examining Michael Young and Peter Willmott's sociological classic text ‘Family and Kinship in East London' - and the literary - a reading of the work of English poet and journalist John Betjeman. Running through the thesis is also an appreciation of the figure of the amateur, both as a real actor and as a metaphor for the postmodernist approach to culture to which I also subscribe.

Esta é uma pesquisa antropológica sobre a memória coletiva do trabalho ferroviário, realizada na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A etnografia se fundamentou na interlocução com trabalhadores/as ferroviários/as aposentados/as e suas famílias e tem como enfoque interpretativo as “narrativas de si” destes sujeitos. A investigação integra o campo temático da Antropologia Urbana e da Antropologia do Trabalho, tendo como principal problemática a crise do transporte ferroviário no Brasil, que tem como ápice a privatização da Rede Ferroviária Federal, ao longo da década de 1990. Tendo a memória como principal chave para entender esta drástica transformação, interessou-me as maneiras pelas quais os sujeitos fazem durar no tempo a relação de pertencimento com o mundo do trabalho. Atentei, também, para como lidavam narrativa e cotidianamente com a crise, que significou o desmantelamento de uma comunidade afetiva. Por fim, ressalto os diferentes projetos exercidos pelos aposentados, visando a manutenção da memória coletiva ferroviária. / This is an anthropological research about collective memory of railroadwork, who took place in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. The ethnography is based upon the interlocution with retired railroadmen and railroadwomans and is focused on the “narrative of itself” of them. This investigation integrate the thematic field of Urban Anthropology and Anthropology of Work and Labour, having as it lead inquiry the crisis of the railroad transportation in Brazil, which had as his peak the privatization of the “Rede Ferroviária Federal”, along the 1990s. Having the memory as the primary key to understand this drastic transformation, interested me the manners with the persons make endure in time their relation with the world of labour. I observed, also, how the retirees take control of they own narrative about the crisis on their everyday life. In the end, I emphasize different projects held by the retirees, on their way to maintain the railroad collective memory.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 2931437 bytes, checksum: 67cc607c1abfc8be14b5eec474c6e337 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The urban space is represented by the multiplicity of images, which can be observed as from the diversified panorama of the views, typical of contemporaneousness, among which the one produced by the religious dynamics. In this sense, this research aimed at mapping aspects of the religious phenomenon in the city of João Pessoa (PB) as from the configuration of its symbolic effects in the urban space. The methodology used is the identification and the analysis of the implantation of religious practice places, utilizing resources made available by Geoprocessing Techniques, combining Technological Sciences with the space analysis methodology built up within the Social Sciences, throughout the elaboration of symbolic cartography. As a result of the research, we produced thematic maps of distribution of the religious practice spaces in the city of João Pessoa and the borough with concentration of such spaces. Based upon the systematic observation and participation in practices within the Evangelical Church God s Assembly/missions, the space chosen to accomplish the symbolic cartography, we identify an internal dynamics around the doctrinal precepts creating a web of social relationships, the mapping of which designs trajectories configuring a religious parameter within the city. / O espaço urbano é representado através de uma multiplicidade de imagens, podendo ser observado a partir do panorama diversificado de visões próprio da contemporaneidade, dentre elas, a produzida pela dinâmica religiosa. Nesse sentido, essa pesquisa buscou mapear aspectos do fenômeno religioso na cidade de João Pessoa (PB), a partir da configuração de seus bens simbólicos no espaço urbano. Tem como metodologia a identificação e analise da implantação de locais de práticas religiosas, utilizando recursos disponibilizados pelas técnicas do Geoprocessamento, combinando Ciências Tecnológicas à metodologia de análise do espaço, construída dentro das Ciências Sociais, através da elaboração de cartografia simbólica. Como resultado da pesquisa, foram produzidos mapas temáticos da distribuição dos espaços de práticas religiosas na cidade, e, do bairro, com maior concentração desses espaços. Com base na observação sistemática e participação em práticas dentro da Igreja Evangélica Assembléia de Deus/Missões, espaço escolhido para realização da cartografia simbólica, identificamos uma dinâmica interna em torno de preceitos doutrinários, criando uma rede de relações sociais cujo mapeamento desenha trajetos configurando um perímetro religioso dentro da cidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:54:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseDBJ_DISSERT.pdf: 10975166 bytes, checksum: 4716dd02617d0e7535e17b86844636fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-03 / The city is the privileged place construction of social and political life, and the gathering of social groups. Meeting place, the diversity and possibilities. But the urban universe which cities belong is not a homogeneous whole. There are spaces demarcated and valued ideologically creating antithetical images about places that are now recognized as violent or dangerous. Peripheral urban situations of unprivileged add to theprejudices to the origin of place within the neighborlyallotments Jos? Sarney and Novo Horizonte (Japan Slum) / Natal-RN, which are reproduced in narratives of everyday life. Spatial divisions are exploited, mixed and repeated to maintain social distances through rites of separations and dichotomies such as neighborhood/joint housing, allotment/slum and the people of the high place/the people of the down place. Social categories such as buraco(hole) and cabras (goats) are evoked to interpret the world of violence and places regarded as dangerous. The prominence of hypermasculinity and perception of children and adolescents living on the outer elements are brought up to the interpretation of images evoked in interviews with residents and their neighbors / A cidade ? o l?cus privilegiado de constru??o da vida social e pol?tica, e do ajuntamento dos grupos sociais. Lugar do encontro, da diversidade e das possibilidades. Mas o universo urbano do qual as cidades fazem parte n?o ? um todo homog?neo. Nela os espa?os s?o demarcados e valorados ideologicamente criando imagens antit?ticas a respeito de lugares que passam a ser reconhecidos como violentos ou perigosos. Situa??es perif?ricas de desprivilegio urbano somam-se ao preconceito com rela??o ? origem de lugar no ?mbito vicinal dos loteamentos Jos? Sarney e Novo Horizonte (Favela do Jap?o)/Natal-RN, que s?o reproduzidos em narrativas da vida cotidiana. Divis?es espaciais s?o aproveitadas, imiscu?das e reiteradas para manter dist?ncias sociais atrav?s de ritos de separa??es e dicotomias como: bairro/conjunto, loteamento/favela e os de cima/os de baixo. Categorias sociais como buraco e os cabras s?o evocadas para interpretar o mundo da viol?ncia e dos lugares tidos como perigosos. A proemin?ncia da hipermasculinidade e a percep??o de crian?as e adolescentes sobre a vida vicinal s?o elementos trazidos ? tona para interpreta??o de imagens evocadas nas entrevistas com moradores e seus vizinhos