Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Essa dissertação é um estudo de antropologia urbana sobre as relações entre moradores e entre moradores e empregados em dois edifícios residenciais nos bairros do Maracanã e Grajaú. O objetivo foi demonstrar os sentidos subjacentes ao uso das noções de indivíduo e de pessoa, de individualismo e de hierarquia, em cada um desses contextos de relacionamento. Foram realizadas sete entrevistas semi-estruturadas com homens e mulheres de camadas médias urbanas. Os sentidos sugeridos pelos moradores apontaram para a existência de uma tensão entre as noções de público e privado, cordialidade e impessoalidade nos modos de classificar a si mesmo e aos outros nas interações sob diferentes circunstâncias dentro do edifício. Os depoimentos dos entrevistados concederam maior destaque às relações que mantinham com suas empregadas domésticas do que com as empregadas de outros condôminos. Nesse caso concedeu-se destaque para a operação de classificações em que pravaleciam a hierarquização e a subordinação, da parte dos moradores, e expedientes de agenciamento, por parte dos empregados. / This dissertation is a study in urban anthropology about the relations between residents and between residents and employees in two residential buildings in the areas of Maracanã and Grajaú. The objective was to demonstrate the meanings underlying the use of the notions of the individual and of the person, of individualism and of hierarchy, in each one of these relationship contexts. There were applied seven semi-structured interviews with men and women from urban middle classes. The meanings suggested by the residents pointed to the existence of a tension between the notions of public and private, cordialness and impersonality in the ways of classifying oneself and others in the different interactions under diverse circumstances inside the building. The statements of the interviewees granted prominence to the relations established between them and your own employees instead of the employees from other residents. In this case they granted prominence to the operation of ways of classifying in which prevailed hierarchy and subordination, from the part of the residents, and means of agency, from the part of the emplyees.

Esta é uma pesquisa antropológica sobre a memória coletiva do trabalho ferroviário, realizada na cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A etnografia se fundamentou na interlocução com trabalhadores/as ferroviários/as aposentados/as e suas famílias e tem como enfoque interpretativo as “narrativas de si” destes sujeitos. A investigação integra o campo temático da Antropologia Urbana e da Antropologia do Trabalho, tendo como principal problemática a crise do transporte ferroviário no Brasil, que tem como ápice a privatização da Rede Ferroviária Federal, ao longo da década de 1990. Tendo a memória como principal chave para entender esta drástica transformação, interessou-me as maneiras pelas quais os sujeitos fazem durar no tempo a relação de pertencimento com o mundo do trabalho. Atentei, também, para como lidavam narrativa e cotidianamente com a crise, que significou o desmantelamento de uma comunidade afetiva. Por fim, ressalto os diferentes projetos exercidos pelos aposentados, visando a manutenção da memória coletiva ferroviária. / This is an anthropological research about collective memory of railroadwork, who took place in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. The ethnography is based upon the interlocution with retired railroadmen and railroadwomans and is focused on the “narrative of itself” of them. This investigation integrate the thematic field of Urban Anthropology and Anthropology of Work and Labour, having as it lead inquiry the crisis of the railroad transportation in Brazil, which had as his peak the privatization of the “Rede Ferroviária Federal”, along the 1990s. Having the memory as the primary key to understand this drastic transformation, interested me the manners with the persons make endure in time their relation with the world of labour. I observed, also, how the retirees take control of they own narrative about the crisis on their everyday life. In the end, I emphasize different projects held by the retirees, on their way to maintain the railroad collective memory.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O surgimento de jogos eletrÃnicos que simulam partidas de futebol em suportes tecnolÃgicos denominados de âvideogamesâ se apresenta como o principal desencadeador de prÃticas de sociabilidades de um grupo de pessoas na cidade de Fortaleza e em outras cidades do Brasil. Deste modo, pudemos constatar a concretizaÃÃo de uma complexa rede de campeonatos, alÃm do surgimento de uma nova categoria de agentes que se definem como âcyberatletasâ ou âjogadores profissionais de futebol digitalâ. Estes agentes se distinguem pela efusiva e intensa participaÃÃo em competiÃÃes e torneios âoff-lineâ de futebol digital. Em meados em 2005, estes jogadores iniciaram um processo de profissionalizaÃÃo desta prÃtica que culminou com a oficializaÃÃo de diversas AssociaÃÃes e FederaÃÃes de jogadores em distintos estados brasileiros. Em Fortaleza, estes agentes constituÃram a formalizaÃÃo de uma instituiÃÃo denominada de FederaÃÃo Cearense de Futebol Digital (FCeFD). Com o advento destas instituiÃÃes, pudemos notar o surgimento de um mercado de bens simbÃlicos oriundo da prÃtica intensiva desses atletas nesta rede de campeonato que denominamos de âcircuitos dos cyberatletasâ. Neste sentido, elaboramos nesta dissertaÃÃo uma etnografia das prÃticas de sociabilidades desses agentes, atravÃs desta busca frenÃtica por estes signos de distinÃÃo presentes no campo do futebol digital. / The emergence of electronic games that simulate soccer matches in technologically supported media called "video games" is presented as the main trigger of practices of sociability of a group of people in the city of Fortaleza and other cities of Brazil. It was then possible to observe the realization of a complex network of championships, and the emergence of a new class of agents who define themselves as âcyber athletesâ or " professional digital soccer playersâ. These agents are distinguished by effusive and intense participation in offline digital soccer tournaments. In mid 2005, these players began a process of professionalization of the practice that led to the formalization of various associations and federations of players in different Brazilian states. In Fortaleza, these agents were the formalization of an institution called FederaÃÃo Cearense de Futebol Digital (FCeFD). The advent of these institutions enabled us to notice the emergence of a market of symbolic goods originated among the intensive practice of these athletes in this network of championships that we call "circuit of the cyberathletes". In this dissertation, we developed an ethnography of the practices of sociability of the agents in question through this frenetic search for these signs of distinction present in the field of digital soccer.

O estudo tem por base uma etnografia de um acampamento dos sem-teto localizado na cidade de São José dos Campos, batizado de Pinheirinho e ligado ao Movimento Urbano dos Sem-teto (Must). A dissertação se insere dentro da discussão dos estudos urbanos por meio de uma ótica antropológica, no intuito de debater questões relativas à constituição da esfera pública e das práticas dos movimentos sociais atuais. A etnografia privilegiou a formação discursiva de sujeitos de direitos a partir do cotidiano dos moradores e tentou conjugá-la com a problemática da participação política em meio urbano, considerando as contribuições de etnografias clássicas da área e preocupações recentes da sociologia. / The study is based on ethnography of a homeless camp site placed in São José dos Campos, which is called Pinheirinho and linked to Urban Homeless Movement (Must). This dissertation is part of a discussion about urban studies through an anthropological view, intending to debate questions related to public sphere constitution and current social movement actions. The ethnography view has privileged the discursive establishment of people of rights based on the residents day-by-day and has tried to conjugate it with the political participation problematic in urban environment, considering the classic ethnographies of this area and recent sociological concerns.

Orientador: Julio Assis Simões / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T09:30:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franca_IsadoraLins_D.pdf: 5631474 bytes, checksum: 9a99e057ecd00f5c6119292b83a36ec7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Neste trabalho procuro compreender a produção de subjetividades, categorias identitárias e estilos relacionados à homossexualidade num contexto de segmentação de mercado, a partir de um recorte no conjunto de espaços de sociabilidade e consumo freqüentados por homens que se relacionam afetivo-sexualmente com outros homens na cidade de São Paulo. Procuro compreender também como se articulam marcadores de diferença - como gênero, sexualidade, classe social, idade e cor/raça - atuantes na produção de sujeitos, categorias e estilos relacionados à homossexualidade e como a prática do consumo, seja nos ou dos lugares que serviram de base para a observação etnográfica, media essa articulação. Considero que essas duas pontas do consumo dos ou nos lugares estão intimamente articuladas, já que os lugares funcionam também como contextos que revelam ou possibilitam determinados usos de mercadorias ou que fazem circular informações a seu respeito. Selecionei três lugares para a pesquisa de campo, que denominei de lugares-chave, levando em conta o quanto me pareciam analiticamente interessantes, a partir da possibilidade de revelarem interseccionalidades e diferenças. No decorrer da pesquisa, conduzi a observação etnográfica nesses lugares e realizei entrevistas em profundidade com seus freqüentadores / Abstract: This research aims to understand the production of subjectivities, identity categories and styles related to homosexuality at venues visited by men who have sexual/affective relations with other men in a context of market segmentation in the city of Sao Paulo. I explore how social markers of difference - gender, sexuality, class, age and color/race - operate as categories of articulation in the production of subjects, identities and styles related to homosexuality. In addition, I examine how consumption practices - at the places or of places - are linked to this process. I argue that consumption at and of places are articulated,considering that places are contexts which reveal or enable certain uses of goods, and in which information about the places themselves is circulated through goods. Fieldwork was carried out in three key-places, which were selected by taking into account how analytically fruitful they seemed in revealing intersectionalities and differences. Fieldwork comprised ethnographic observation in these places and in-depth interviews with their regular visitors / Doutorado / Antropologia Urbana / Doutor em Ciências Sociais

A pesquisa que serve de base para essa dissertação parte de uma abordagem antropológica sobre os arranjos coletivos e atores sociais ligados ao black metal no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Um estilo musical derivado do gênero heavy metal que constitui um conjunto de elementos que dão suporte a um estilo de vida específico. As atividades de trabalho de campo foram desenvolvidas durante dois anos e meio (entre 2012 e 2014) na capital, em sua zona metropolitana e em algumas cidades do interior do Estado, junto aos lugares ocupados e frequentados por esses sujeitos (coletivos ou individuais). O objetivo desse trabalho foi mapear as diferentes formas de sociabilidade construídas por esses atores sociais ligados ao black metal, e assim, elucidar como esses arranjos coletivos e suas categorias nativas podem expressar uma perspectiva específica sobre a urbanidade e suas fronteiras. Para tanto, a categoria nativa cena foi tomada como objeto central da análise, o que permitiu desvendar um sistema de alianças e troca de favores um círculo da dádiva black metal , que alicerçam a construção de noções coletivas de pertencimento, assim como, uma perspectiva específica sobre as segmentações e classificações dos espaços urbanos. Também foram analisadas a sonoridade das composições do estilo, as teorias nativas sobre a música, as performances executadas durante os eventos, assim como as concepções desses atores sociais a respeito do satanismo, da quimbanda (e seus exus) e a oposição às religiões judaico-cristãs. Portanto, a partir da relação de todos esses elementos, foi possível descrever como se desenrola a guerra particular do black metal paulista em defesa da cena e dos valores do estilo. / The research that underpins this dissertation part of an anthropological approach to the collective arrangements and social actors linked to the black metal in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Black Metal is a musical style derived from the heavy metal genre that is a set of elements that support a specific way of life. The activities of field work were developed during two and a half years (between 2012 and 2014) in the capital, in the metropolitan area and in some cities in the state, in the places frequented by these subjects (collective or individual). The aim of this study was to map the different forms of sociability constructed by these social actors linked to black metal, and thus elucidate how these collective arrangements and their native categories may express a specific perspective on urbanization and its borders. For both, the category native scene was taken as the central object of analysis, allowing unravel a system of alliances and exchanges of favors a circle of giving , that underpin the construction of collective notions of belonging, as well as a specific perspective on segmentation of urban spaces. It were also analyzed the sound of style compositions, native theories about music, performances performed during the events, as well as the conceptions of these social actors concerning Satanism, the Quimbanda (and the exus) and the opposition to Judeo-Christian religions. Therefore, from the relation of all these elements, it was possible to describe the particular war of the black metal of São Paulo in defense of the scene and the values of the style.

and Keywords "In the World through which I travel, I am endlessly creating myself." - Frantz Fanon In this thesis, one of my first aims, among others, is to discuss and put in perspective the different levels of identification that can coexist and contribute to the creation of a person. I want to understand the impact and the role played by the city in one's identity-building process by studying the self-perception of visibly black people in Prague and Paris. Why did I decide to work on blackness within the European context? I decided to work on blackness for many reasons, one being that blackness as much as whiteness are social constructs. However, when whiteness has a history of multiplicity, and white people are being granted individuality, blackness, on the other hand, is often seen as an encompassing term. Black people are perceived as a monolithic social group in every sense of the word, sharing the same history and past across the globe. It is because of the peculiarity of blackness, which is seen as a factor of global identity that I wanted to study that topic within Europe. Working on blackness in Europe is working on a topic that would look like an oxymoron. Indeed, Europe is associated with whiteness, and blackness is associated with Africa. Therefore, thinking about black Europeans or...

and Keywords "In the World through which I travel, I am endlessly creating myself." - Frantz Fanon In this thesis, one of my first aims, among others, is to discuss and put in perspective the different levels of identification that can coexist and contribute to the creation of a person. I want to understand the impact and the role played by the city in one's identity-building process by studying the self-perception of visibly black people in Prague and Paris. Why did I decide to work on blackness within the European context? I decided to work on blackness for many reasons, one being that blackness as much as whiteness are social constructs. However, when whiteness has a history of multiplicity, and white people are being granted individuality, blackness, on the other hand, is often seen as an encompassing term. Black people are perceived as a monolithic social group in every sense of the word, sharing the same history and past across the globe. It is because of the peculiarity of blackness, which is seen as a factor of global identity that I wanted to study that topic within Europe. Working on blackness in Europe is working on a topic that would look like an oxymoron. Indeed, Europe is associated with whiteness, and blackness is associated with Africa. Therefore, thinking about black Europeans or...

As the 1960s Environmental movement has grown, sustainability and justice discourses have come to the fore of the movement. While environmental justice discourse considers the unequal effects of environmental burdens, the language that frames "sustainability" is often socially and politically neutral. This thesis critically examines sustainability initiatives and practices of an urban farming organization in Florida. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in 2017, I explore the extent to which these initiatives incorporate race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic class when working to provide sustainably grown food in diverse communities. I argue that the organization's focus on justice for the environment, rather than for communities, and education as a barrier in low-income, food desert neighborhoods neglects to integrate experiences of those living on the margins into their initiatives. This research raises awareness of the need for a critical examination of sustainability in practice and a politically aware incorporation of environmental justice themes into sustainability agendas.

Ce mémoire explore le rôle du logement dans l'expérience migratoire des nouveaux et nouvelles arrivantes à Montréal et l'impact de celui-ci sur les premières années d'installation, en fonction des caractéristiques socioculturelles des individus. Pour ce faire, une étude collaborative a été menée sur le cas spécifique du quartier de Norgate, situé en plein cœur de l'arrondissement Saint-Laurent. Norgate est un quartier où se produit un renouvellement constant de locataires d'origine immigrante en provenance des quatre coins du monde, et où subsistent d'importants problèmes de pauvreté. En se penchant sur ce milieu de vie et sur les conditions d'habitat de ses résident-e-s, nous avons constaté à quel point un nombre important de locataires vivaient dans des logements en mauvais état, et parfois même dans de graves conditions d'insalubrité. Nous avons cherché à comprendre comment un tel espace urbain pouvait en venir à être aussi dégradé et quels étaient les rôles et responsabilités des différents paliers étatiques face à une telle situation. À travers ce processus, nous avons exploré l'ensemble des possibilités d'action proposées par les différents acteurs (institutionnels, communautaires, résidentiels) ayant un potentiel pouvoir d'agir dans le quartier. Ce mémoire montre comment la problématique des logements dans l'espace urbain est liée à une multitude de facteurs interreliés et qui s'influencent mutuellement, d'où la nécessité d'une approche systémique dans l'analyse du champ de l'anthropologie urbaine. Il cherche également à montrer en quoi un mouvement urbain efficient nécessite un partenariat rigoureux entre les différents acteurs agissant sur le territoire, dans une logique de compréhension et de respect de la diversité des tactiques. / This thesis explores the role that housing plays in the migratory experience of newcomers in Montreal as well as its impact on the first years of settling, taking into account their social and cultural characteristics. To accomplish this, a collaborative study has been conducted on the specific case of the neighborhood "Norgate", situated in the heart of the Saint-Laurent bourrough. Norgate is a neighborhood in which we can observe a constant renewal of immigrant tenents from around the world, as well as persisting problems of poverty. Taking a closer look at this social environment and the living conditions of its residents, we have ascertained the extent to which poor, and sometimes even unsanitary housing is the norm. We sought to comprehend how an urban space could come to be so degraded, and to determine the roles and responsibilities of various levels of government in the face of such a situation. Through this process, we have explored the ensemble of possible actions proposed by different actors (institutional, community organizations, and residents) that potentially have influence within the neighborhood. This thesis shows how the problem of housing in urban spaces is related to a multitude of inter-linked factors that are mutually influencing each other, and that thus a systemic analysis and approach in the field of urban anthropology is necessary. It also seeks to show that an effective urban movement necessitates a rigourous partnership between the different actors operating within a given territory, in the perspective of understanding and respecting diversity of tactics.