O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como a teoria semiótica greimasiana pode corroborar a tradução de SCUM Manifesto de Valerie Solanas, publicado em 1968, para o português. Inicialmente é possível indicar, por meio dos níveis fundamental, narrativo e discursivo do percurso gerativo do sentido, uma orientação semiótica sobre a construção do sentido no texto original. A análise semiótica permitiu verificar a revolta do sujeito scum com o sujeito homem, bem como a presença de um ethos colérico no texto, possibilitando, desse modo, uma tradução, carregada na acidez, para a língua portuguesa. Posteriormente a constatação da revolta e da cólera presentes em SCUM Manifesto, foi feita uma breve comparação deste com outros textos, também feministas e publicados na década de sessenta, para poder, numa perspectiva da análise do discurso, verificar a localização e papel social do manifesto de Solanas. A análise comparativa de SCUM Manifesto com os demais textos feministas, por meio dos temas e figuras abordados e tom empregado, permitiu confirmar o texto de Solanas como ultrafeminista / The aim of this paper is to show how semiotics by Greimas can contribute for the translation of SCUM Manifesto by Valerie Solanas, published in 1968, to Portuguese language. It is possible to identify, through the analysis of surface and deep structures of generative process, the semiotics orientation to the construction of the sense present in the source text. The semiotic analysis made it possible to verify the revolt of the subject scum against the subject men and permitting the translation to Portuguese language to be aggressive. After confirming the presence of revolt and cholera in SCUM Manifesto, the text was also compared to other feminist texts from the sixties to determine, in a Discourse Analysis perspective, its location and social role among them. The comparison of themes, figures and tones of speech confirmed the text by Solanas to be a ultra-feminist one

O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar como a teoria semiótica greimasiana pode corroborar a tradução de SCUM Manifesto de Valerie Solanas, publicado em 1968, para o português. Inicialmente é possível indicar, por meio dos níveis fundamental, narrativo e discursivo do percurso gerativo do sentido, uma orientação semiótica sobre a construção do sentido no texto original. A análise semiótica permitiu verificar a revolta do sujeito scum com o sujeito homem, bem como a presença de um ethos colérico no texto, possibilitando, desse modo, uma tradução, carregada na acidez, para a língua portuguesa. Posteriormente a constatação da revolta e da cólera presentes em SCUM Manifesto, foi feita uma breve comparação deste com outros textos, também feministas e publicados na década de sessenta, para poder, numa perspectiva da análise do discurso, verificar a localização e papel social do manifesto de Solanas. A análise comparativa de SCUM Manifesto com os demais textos feministas, por meio dos temas e figuras abordados e tom empregado, permitiu confirmar o texto de Solanas como ultrafeminista / The aim of this paper is to show how semiotics by Greimas can contribute for the translation of SCUM Manifesto by Valerie Solanas, published in 1968, to Portuguese language. It is possible to identify, through the analysis of surface and deep structures of generative process, the semiotics orientation to the construction of the sense present in the source text. The semiotic analysis made it possible to verify the revolt of the subject scum against the subject men and permitting the translation to Portuguese language to be aggressive. After confirming the presence of revolt and cholera in SCUM Manifesto, the text was also compared to other feminist texts from the sixties to determine, in a Discourse Analysis perspective, its location and social role among them. The comparison of themes, figures and tones of speech confirmed the text by Solanas to be a ultra-feminist one

Syftet med min uppsats har varit att undersöka hur en romankaraktär kan förstås utifrån två analytiska ramar, intermedialitet och kaosnarration. Undersökningen består utav en inledande registrering av de intermediala elementen, en efterföljande fördjupning och slutligen en kortare, kaosnarratologisk analys där romanen placeras i en passande kontext.

This essay examines the intersection of Valerie Solanas' radical feminist manifesto, the S.C.U.M. (Society of Cutting Up Men) manifesto, and her attempted assassination of Andy Warhol in 1968, proposing that the latter can be understood as a sophisticated piece of performance art. Solanas' manifesto, penned in 1967, challenged societal norms, advocating for the overthrow of patriarchal structures. Through a lens of performativity theory, which emphasizes the performative nature of language and actions, this essay reinterprets Solanas' actions as deliberate expressions of her feminist beliefs. Tracing Solanas' life, from her early struggles to her involvement in the avant-garde art scene of New York City, highlighting her interactions with Warhol's Factory and her provocative works. Solanas' attempted assassination of Warhol, while initially perceived as a psychotic act, is reframed as a conscious enactment of her manifesto's principles, challenging dominant power dynamics. By reframing the assassination attempt as a form of performance art, this essay sheds new light on Solanas' legacy, emphasizing the transformative potential of art as a tool for social critique and change. / Denna uppsats undersöker skärningspunkten mellan Valerie Solanas radikalfeministiska S.C.U.M. (Society of Cutting Up Men) manifestet, och hennes försök att mörda Andy Warhol 1968. Undersökningen framhåller att det senare kan studeras som ett sofistikerat performanceverk. Solanas manifest utmanade rådande normer och förespråkade avskaffandet av patriarkala strukturer. Genom ett nyttjande av performativitetsteorin, som betonar den performativa naturen av språk och handlingar, omvärderar denna uppsats Solanas handlingar som medvetna uttryck för hennes feministiska övertygelser. Solanas försök att mörda Warhol, som vid sin tid uppfattades som en psykotisk handling, omvärderas i texten som en medveten förkroppsligande av hennes manifestets principer. Att omvärdera mordförsöket som en form av performancekonst, lyser texten ett nytt ljus på Solanas arv och betonar konstens transformerande potential som ett verktyg för social kritik och förändring.

Uppsatsen har tre syften, alla beträffande Sara Stridsbergs översättning av amerikanskan Valerie Solanas radikalfeminstiska SCUM Manifesto från 1968: att göra en övergripande karaktäristik av översättningen, att undersöka och presentera nyckelord i översättningen, samt att beskriva samspelet mellan Stridsbergs förord och översättning. Med textanalysmodeller av Yvonne Lindqvist, Lennart Hellspong och Per Ledin genomförs textanalyser av översättningen i stort, av ett urval av nyckelord och av förordet. Resultaten visar på att Stridsberg gjort en fri översättning med fokus på språk och stil, och att förordet kompletterar översättningen och bjuder in läsaren till olika sätt att läsa manifesttexten på. I diskussionen avhandlas resultatens betydelse i förhållande till tidigare forskning och vad mina resultat betyder utifrån André Lefeveres teorier om att ideologiska och poetologiska faktorer är det viktigaste vid översättsval. Uppsatsens slutsats är att Stridsberg översatt texten i huvudsak som litterär text istället för som politisk kortare skrift eller längre pamflett, och att förordet presenterar Stridsbergs ingång till texten och hjälper läsaren att göra en litterär läsning av manifestet. / This essay has three purposes, all relating to the Swedish translation of Valerie Solanas’s SCUM Manifesto by Sara Stridsberg. These are: to do a characterization of the translation, to investigate and present keywords in the translated text, and to describe the interplay between Stridsberg’s foreword and translation. Models for text analysis by Yvonne Lindqvist, Lennart Hellspong and Per Ledin are applied for investigating both the general translation, a selection of the keywords and the foreword. The results indicate that Stridsberg’s translation is a free one, where the focal points are style and diction, and also that the foreword is a supplement to the translation that invites the reader to different ways in which to read the manifesto. The discussion deals with both the question of what my results mean in relation to previously existing research, and what they mean according to André Lefeveres theories about ideology and poetics being the most important factors when making choices in tranlation. The conclusion of the essay is that Stridsberg translated the text mainly as a literary text as opposed to as a political brochure or pamphlet, and that the foreword presents Stridsberg’s perspectives on the text and helps the reader do a literary reading of the manifesto.

This study aims to examine the norm-breaking body in Sara Stridsbergs literary fantasy Drömfakulteten (2006) or The Faculty of Dreams (English translation, 2019) which explores Valerie Solanas’ life. Solanas is known for the feminist text SCUM Manifesto (1968, Swedish translation, 2003) and for shooting the artist Andy Warhol.  Solanas has a very distinct separation between body and mind that is apparent in the novel. She ignores her body and whishes not to be aware of it. She only ever thinks about her manifesto, which becomes her mind. To explore the norm-breaking body, my essay is based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s theories of the grotesque body. In this work, I also present different theories that have been inspired by the grotesque, for instance; the female grotesque and the gurlesque. While the grotesque focuses more on the body as a biological organism, the female grotesque and gurlesque focus more on how the female body and femininity is perceived in society and how they break the societal norms. The women are making a “spectacle of themselves”, in Mary Russo’s words. I want to apply these theories on the protagonist, Valerie Solanas, and analyze how the grotesque and norm-breaking body is portrayed in the novel. To further the exploration between body and mind I have the decided to analyze the meaning of the manifesto for Solanas, and also the narrator’s role in how her body is described to the reader.

In this thesis I use the radical, pro-violent organization the Weathermen as a framework to examine women and feminisms complex relationships with violence. My thesis attempts to show the many belief systems that second wave feminists possessed concerning the role(s) of women and violence in revolutionary organizations. Hence, by using the Weathermen as a framework, I discuss various feminist essentialist and pacifist critiques of violence. I also include an analysis of feminists who, similar to the Weathermen, embraced political violence. For example, radical feminists Robin Morgan and Jane Alpert criticized the Weathermens violent tactics while other feminists such as Ti-Grace Atkinson and Valerie Solanas advocated that women pick up the gun in order to destroy patriarchal society. In addition, I analyze the stereotypes of the violent female, which have often been supported by feminists and non-feminists alike. Thus, the stereotyped nature of the violent female does not allow for the complexities that accompany the many reasons why women commit politically motivated crimes. Understanding the role women played in the Weathermen is an important task because womens roles and representation in radical, New Left organizations have often been ignored, overlooked and reproduced by revisionist analyses. Though revolutionary groups from the sixties and seventies were important and progressive in many ways, my thesis will examine the phenomenon of silencing womens voices in these organizations and how this silencing inspired women to find voice in their own movements. Furthermore, I am also interested in radical second wave feminists belief systems and histories concerning violence, particularly since they have rarely been delved into by historians or feminist researchers.

This dissertation examines the five biographies or memoirs written about the renowned South African writer Herman Charles Bosman. The main aim of the study is to show how different, and often contradictory, the views of him are as presented in the biographies. I also investigate different theories of biography as expounded by Leon Edel, Ira Bruce Nadel and Ray Monk and explore to what extent each of the biographies conforms, or does not conform to the theory. It is the contention of this dissertation that though the existing theories are useful and do shed light on each biographer’s approach and practice, they are also limited in accounting fully for the diverse and often discrepant accounts of Bosman’s life. The dissertation opens with an explication of several different theories regarding biography, and gives a brief overview of the life story of Herman Charles Bosman. Some of the main elements of biography (including different forms of narration, language and myth) are discussed and how they might be used in biography. The subsequent chapters focus on and offers detailed analyses of the biographies of Bosman, beginning with Herman Bosman As I Knew Him by Bernard Sachs and My Friend Herman Charles Bosman by Aegidius Jean Blignaut. Thereafter Sunflower to the Sun by Valerie Rosenberg and Life Sentence by Stephen Gray are analysed. Finally, there is an analysis of several reminiscences of those who knew Bosman, including Lionel Abrahams’s important memoir. The strengths and limitations of the various biographies are analysed, thereby shedding light not only on the practice of biography itself, but also on the complex and enigmatic figure of Herman Charles Bosman. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / English / MA (English Studies) / Unrestricted

Thesis (doctoral)--University of London, 1998. / BLDSC reference no.: DX202539.

The following master’s thesis consists of an analysis of the narrative positions in the novel The Faculty of Dreams of Sara Stridsberg, a literary fantasy written about the life of the writer and radical feminist Valerie Solanas. Through my thesis I argue that the implicit author, the narratological position of the narrator, and the character called “The Narrator”, all three belong to, and constitute, the fictional character Valerie. In order to conduct this analysis I use narratological theory, with Shlomith Rimmon-Kenan and Mieke Bal as primary theorists, along with theory concerning spatiality and temporality. The analysis is backed up with metafictional theory as well as research into physical and mental reactions caused by trauma, conducted by Bessel van der Kolk. The analysis is sectioned into four parts, with every part focusing on a specific topic: “The Narrator’s” dialogues with Valerie, the novels five different sections (“Land of Bambi”, “The Oceans”, “The Laboratory Park”, “The Factory” and “Love Valerie”), the presence of the cursive fragments and finally the alphabetical lists which appear at different occasions in the novel. The novel acts as a reclamation of power as Valerie recovers her stolen voice, giving herself the opportunity of narrating her own life. The fictional character Valerie salvages her autonomy and receives her rectification by rewriting conversations which have taken place in court rooms, psychiatric hospitals and between different people in her life. She is no longer an external spectator of her own life. Instead she is the one in charge. The narratological levels have collapsed. Only Valarie remains.