Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-04-04T14:06:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Tania Regina Mendonça - 2018.pdf: 7408057 bytes, checksum: 3ed8b468852062a6967ad5585f9548d4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-04-05T12:48:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Tania Regina Mendonça - 2018.pdf: 7408057 bytes, checksum: 3ed8b468852062a6967ad5585f9548d4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T12:48:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação -Tania Regina Mendonça - 2018.pdf: 7408057 bytes, checksum: 3ed8b468852062a6967ad5585f9548d4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This research aims to analyze the verbal and non-verbal texts that make up the openings of the units of the High Up English didactic collection. Approved by the National Textbook Plan - PNLD 2015, recommended for high school, organized by the authors Reinildes Dias; Leina Juca and Raquel Faria. For this, the Systemic-Functional Grammar (HALLIDAY, 1994) ; (HALLIDAY and MATTHIESSEN, 2004) is in coherence with the multimodal texts from the perspective of theVisual Design Grammar (KRESS and VAN LEEUWEN, 2000). Based on these authors, it is hoped to find out if the study of the English language in a public school in the city of Pires do Rio - Goiás offers a variety of interpretations through the engravings and gives the students, according to the theme of the unit, reflect and discuss the images and phrases presented on said pages of unit openings. In addition to the multimodal analysis, the verbal that follow the unit openings were analyzed from the METHOD of Interpersonal Metaphor and analysis of the occurrences of the processes by the Ideational Metaphor, through the computer program called WordSmith Tools 7. It is a qualitative and quantitative research (DORNYEI, 2007) that relates theory, context and research questions. For the analysis of the corpus that composes this study, the data were selected, in consonance with the theoretical contribution of Visual Design Linguistic and Systemic- Functional Linguistic. / Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar os textos, verbais e não-verbais, que compõem as aberturas das unidades da coleção didática de inglês High Up, aprovado pelo Plano Nacional do Livro Didático – PNLD 2015, recomendado para o Ensino Médio, organizado pelas autoras Reinildes Dias; Leina Juca e Raquel Faria. Para tanto é utilizada a Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY, 1994); (HALLIDAY e MATTHIESSEN, 2004) esta em coadunação com textos multimodais na perspectiva da Gramática de Design Visual (KRESS e VAN LEEUWEN, 2000). Com base nesses autores, espera-se averiguar se o estudo da língua inglesa em uma escola pública da cidade de Pires do Rio - Goiás disponibiliza uma variedade de interpretações, por meio das gravuras e oportuniza aos alunos, de acordo com o tema da unidade, refletir e discutir sobre as imagens e frases apresentadas das referidas páginas de aberturas das unidades. Além das análises multimodais, os textos verbais que seguem as aberturas de unidades foram analisadas a partir do sistema de MODO da Metafunção Interpessoal e análise das ocorrências dos processos pela Metafunção Ideacional, por meio do programa computacional WordSmith Tool 7. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali- quantitativa (DORNYEI, 2007) que relaciona teoria, contexto e perguntas de pesquisa. Para a análise do corpus que compõe este estudo, os dados foram selecionados, em consonância com o aporte teórico da Linguística de Design Visual e da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional.

This study explores the theory of emotional contagion and then offers insights as to how communication designers could practically apply aspects of this theory to a communication campaign. Schoenewolf (1990) describes emotional contagion as “a process in which a person or group influences the emotions or behavior of another person or group through the conscious or unconscious induction of emotion states and behavioral attitudes” (p. 50). A significant aspect of this theory involves joint consumption. This suggests that an experience of an event differs when more than one person is involved. Ramanathan and McGill’s (2007) recent study suggests that a stronger positive or negative evaluation of a shared experience is achieved through the creation of emotional contagion. When considering this, an opportunity exists to establish recommendations for the design industry to employ in order to enhance an audience’s response. In order to be successful in constructing a pertinent strategy it is critical to consider the way in which people perceive experiences; central to this theme are the five senses. Research into the five senses which include sight, sound, smell, touch and taste, indicates the significant impact over an individuals’ emotions and decision making process. To date the human senses have been largely neglected within the design industry due to conventional use of mainstream media. Through using non-traditional media, participants could be connected on a more sensory level through means of interactive involvement. From a holistic perspective the overarching methodology will be that of research for design (Frayling, 1993, as cited in Downtown, 2003). The emphasis will therefore be on providing insights and ideas as to how the design industry could, through non-traditional media, embrace emotional contagion. Supporting methods will be a combination of the following: 1. Case studies. These will include an analysis of precedents 2. A self generated design campaign. The focus will be tourism. This has been chosen because of its experiential and shared nature.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-10T17:35:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ARTHUR THIAGO THAMAY MEDEIROS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGDsign 2018..pdf: 119262402 bytes, checksum: 2bbca76fb01ef0bbd2554ccff0da302d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-10T17:35:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ARTHUR THIAGO THAMAY MEDEIROS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGDsign 2018..pdf: 119262402 bytes, checksum: 2bbca76fb01ef0bbd2554ccff0da302d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / A presente pesquisa apresenta uma análise visual dp ladrilho hidráulico de Campina Grande, abrangendo os exemplares da Fábrica Metro Materiais, a antiga "Fábrica de Mosaicos Resistência", inaugurada em 1947. Popularmente conhecido como mosaicos, essa tipologia de revestimento foi um elemento construtivo importante na constituição histórica da arquitetura de Campina. A cidade foi palco de grande desenvolvimento em diversos setores industriais e, por isso, torna-se importante a investigação da trajetória das fábricas de ladrilhos hidráulicos que funcionaram no município. A pesquisa investiga os padrões e demais aspectos iconográficos dos ladrilhos produzidos pela Fábrica Metro, com o objetivo de analisar, registrar e compreender os desenhos de maneira técnico-construtiva. Justifica-se a pesquisa, conforme o seu valor científico e académico, devido à escassez de literatura sobre o tema de análises visuais a respeito desses artefatos, resultando na preservação dos modelos, através do registro do patrimônio industrial campinense abordado na pesquisa. Assim, a contribuição dos resultados, bem como os conceitos apresentados sobre as técnicas de composição dos ladrilhos hidráulicos, abre caminhos para conhecimentos que podem ser aplicados em demais projetos distintos na área do design de superfície. / The present research presents a visual analysis of the hydraulic tile of Campina Grande, covering the examples of the Metro Materiais Factory, the former "Fábrica de Mosaicos Resistência", inaugurated in 1947. Popularly known as mosaics, this type of tile coating was an important constructive element in the historical constitution of the Campina architecture. The city was a stage of great development in several industrial sectors and, therefore, it becomes important to investigate the trajectory of the hydraulic tile factories that worked in the municipality. The research investigates the patterns and other iconographic aspects of the tiles produced by Metro Materiais, with the purpose of analyzing, registering and understanding the drawings in a technical-constructive manner. The research, according to its scientific and academic value, is justified due to the scarcity of literature on the subject of visual analysis regarding these artrfacts, resulting in the preservation of the models, through the record of the Campina Grande's industrial patrimony studied in the research. Thus, the contribution of the results, as well as the concepts presented on the techniques of composition of the hydraulic tiles, opens paths for knowledge that can be applied in other projects in the area of surface design

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:44:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3797354 bytes, checksum: 95660a5548d1b49c6efb8ac973423d78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-03 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / We assume that the Scientific Discourse Divulgation - understood as a set of media information produced in communicative situations, distinct from those established between the scientists and their peers, being, therefore a text reformulated by a journalist, or even a scientist, for a reader who is not an expert in the topic being addressed – should be characterized as multimodal and therefore, we aimed to study it considering the match between the semiotic modes used, whether verbal or non-verbal. So we ask: how is the discourse on science appropriated by the newspapers Estado de Minas and Folha de S. Paulo in the concrete and ideological space of these journals? The meeting of the scientific field in the daily social experience requires an exchange of records and a new discursive relationship between enunciation, enunciatee, and enunciating. From these considerations, the research questions guiding this study are: i) What communication strategies are used in the process of recontextualization of the information published in the section Ciência of Estado de Minas and Folha de S. Paulo? ii) What social meanings are represented in the section Ciência of these two newspapers of national circulation, considering both verbal and non-verbal aspects? iii) How visual representations disseminated in the section Ciência of the studied newspapers can contribute to enlarge the meanings of news stories, whether playing challenging or changing values? Our analysis in relation to the verbal text, from the discursive procedure of expansion, sought to demonstrate how the strategies used to present the scientific knowledge in the print media have contributed or not, to the effective comprehension of the reading audience in relation to the topic publicized. The analysis of the non-verbal aspect performed in our corpus of research revealed that the role of science in these texts is quite focused on an attempt to realize the abstraction that the issues addressed are seen by the reader, through the use of graphics and other images that showed no functions others than illustrative. This way, the newspapers Estado de Minas e Folha de S. Paulo, within a time window selected to this study, are characterized as important media to the study of scientific divulgation in the printed media, emphasizing their value to civil society as well as limitations that still impede effective citizen participation in relation to decisions regarding the dissemination of scientific knowledge in Brazil. / Partimos do pressuposto de que o discurso de Divulgação Científica – entendido como o conjunto de informações midiáticas que são produzidas em situações comunicativas distintas das estabelecidas entre os cientistas e seus pares, sendo, pois, um texto reformulado por um jornalista, ou mesmo por um cientista, para um leitor não especializado no assunto que está sendo tratado – deve ser caracterizado como multimodal e, por isso, objetivamos estudá-lo considerando a conjugação entre os modos semióticos utilizados, sejam verbais ou não-verbais. Assim, questionamos: como o discurso sobre ciência é apropriado pelos jornais Estado de Minas e Folha de S. Paulo no espaço concreto e ideológico desses periódicos? O encontro do âmbito científico com a experiência social cotidiana obriga uma troca de registros e uma nova relação discursiva entre enunciado, enunciatário e enunciador. A partir dessas considerações, as perguntas de pesquisa que norteiam este estudo são: i) Que estratégias divulgativas são utilizadas no processo de recontextualização das informações publicadas na seção Ciência dos jornais Estado de Minas e Folha de S. Paulo?; ii) Que significados sociais são representados na estrutura da seção Ciência desses dois jornais de grande circulação nacional, considerando-se tanto os aspectos verbais como os não-verbais?; iii) De que forma as representações visuais veiculadas na seção Ciência dos jornais analisados podem contribuir para ampliar os significados das notícias divulgadas, seja reproduzindo, contestando ou transformando valores? Nossa análise em relação ao texto verbal, a partir do procedimento discursivo de expansão, procurou demonstrar como as estratégias divulgativas utilizadas para apresentar o conhecimento científico na mídia impressa contribuíram, ou não, para a efetiva compreensão do público leitor em relação ao assunto divulgado. A análise do aspecto não verbal realizada em nosso corpus de pesquisa revelou que a representação da ciência nesses textos está bastante voltada para uma tentativa de se concretizar a abstração com que as temáticas tratadas são vistas pelo leitor, por meio da utilização de infográficos e outras imagens que não apresentaram funções apenas ilustrativas. Assim, os jornais Estado de Minas e Folha de S. Paulo, dentro do recorte temporal selecionado para esta pesquisa, caracterizam-se como veículos de comunicação importantes para o estudo da divulgação científica na mídia impressa, revelando seu valor para a sociedade civil, bem como suas limitações que ainda impedem uma efetiva participação cidadã no que concerne às decisões tomadas em relação à divulgação do conhecimento científico no Brasil.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The lack of visual literacy of the students and the increasing presence of the image in the social spaces attracted us attention about infographics, object of study of this research. Starting from the perspective of gender as a social action and discursive-semiotic, this study aimed to contribute to the teaching of Portuguese Language from activities that explore the multimodal language of infographics. It sought from multimodal elements that make up this genre, the realization of visual reading practices with the aim of improving the language skills of students. It started from multimodal elements that make up this genre, aiming in order to carry out visual reading practices with the aim of improving the language skills of students. For this paper it was adopt the bibliographic research and the action research as a scientific method, and as empirical field a school located in Umbaúba – SE. As data collection instruments were used questionnaire, rewritten infographics and observation. The research was based from the Grammar of Design Visual of the writers Kress and van Leeuwen (2006), which argues that the visual elements are full of meaning and the image has a specific and significant architecture. As a theoretical basis, it was also used studies of Bakhtin (2011), Marcuschi (2008, 2010, 2011, 2012), Dionisio (2011), Miller (2011, 2012), Bazerman (2007,2011), Soares (2012), Rojo (2005, 2012), Koch (2012, 2015), Cavalcante (2014), Dondis (2015), among others. Starting of the hypothesis that the infographic genre is almost not explored in the classroom and of the communication capability of the image that has a universal capacity to transmit information that can be learned by anyone, as well as the need for interactive insertion and dynamics of gender in educational practices, it was elaborated a Learning Digital Object (ODA). This ODA can be accessed by anyone on the Internet. The activities were made from the infographics of “Superinteressante” magazine. After all process of practicality and research, the results showed that the students were unaware of the genre infographics, as well as notions about images reading. It also proved that digital media allow greater exploitation in the transmission of knowledge, interaction of students with the reading and also dynamic and meaningful learning. / A carência dos alunos referente ao letramento visual e a crescente presença da imagem nos espaços sociais despertou-nos o interesse pela infografia, objeto de estudo desta pesquisa. Partindo-se das perspectivas de gêneros como ação social e discursivo-semiótica, o presente estudo objetivou contribuir com o ensino de Língua Portuguesa utilizando a linguagem multimodal do gênero textual infográfico. Buscou-se a partir dos elementos multimodais que compõem tal gênero, a efetivação de práticas de escrita e leitura visual com o intuito de aprimoramento dos conhecimentos linguísticos dos alunos. Para esta pesquisa, adotou-se como método científico a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa-ação, tendo como campo empírico um colégio estadual no município de Umbaúba - SE. Como instrumentos de coleta foram utilizados aplicação de questionário, retextualização de infográficos e observação. A pesquisa está fundamentada a partir da Gramática do Design Visual de Kress e van Leeuwen (2006), que defendem que os elementos visuais são imbuídos de sentidos e a imagem tem uma arquitetura própria e significante. Como aporte teórico, foram utilizados também os estudos de Bakhtin (2011), Marcuschi (2008, 2010, 2011, 2012), Dionisio (2011), Miller (2011, 2012), Bazerman (2007, 2011), Soares (2012), Rojo (2005, 2012), Koch (2012, 2015), Cavalcante (2014), Dondis (2015), dentre outros. Partindo-se do pressuposto de que o gênero textual infográfico é pouco explorado em sala de aula e da potencialidade comunicacional da imagem, que tem uma capacidade universal de transmitir informações que podem ser apreendidas por qualquer pessoa, bem como da necessidade de inserção interativa e dinâmica deste gênero nas práticas pedagógicas, elaborou-se um Objeto Digital de Aprendizagem (ODA). Este ODA pode ser acessado por qualquer pessoa na Internet. As atividades foram confeccionadas a partir de infográficos da revista Superinteressante. Após todo processo de praticidade e investigação, os resultados evidenciaram que os alunos desconheciam o gênero textual infográfico, bem como noções de leitura de imagens. Comprovou-se também que os recursos digitais possibilitam maior exploração na transmissão de conhecimentos, interação dos alunos na prática da leitura, aprendizagem dinâmica e significativa.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Starting with an interactive and reflective perspective, this study aims to develop the reader competence before multimodal elements present in a contemporary textual composition, making effective practices of visual reading able to improve the students language skills . For this research, it was adopted as the scientific method Case Study with qualitative and quantitative approach, with the empirical field EMEF Iraildes Padilha Carvalho in the town of Tobias Barreto-SE. As a collection instrument was held an observation and a questionnaire. The research is based on the Grammar of Visual Design Kress and Van Leween (1996), which promotes the view that the visual elements present have a specific and significant architecture. As theoretical contribution was used also for studies of Rojo and Moura (2013), Marcuschi (2011), Bakhtin (2011), Tarouco (2003) and Dionysus (2011) among others. It was being that visual reading assumption is little explored in the classroom as well as the necessity of including the interactive and dynamic technology in pedagogical practices, elaborated a Digital Object Learning (ODA) for using with students during the development of research. In this context, it was decided to Nightmare magazine cover as the corpus to be investigated, from which were planned strategies and resources to be applied in the classroom. After the whole process of research, the results showed that students little explored the visual elements present in the texts, in spite of the fact that the unilateral perception of the images and other visual elements are for illustration only. It also has proven itself to digital resources enable the exploration and expansion of visual reading, bringing the student a dynamic and meaningful learning. / Partindo de uma perspectiva interativa e reflexiva, o presente estudo objetivou desenvolver a competência leitora diante dos elementos multimodais presentes na composição textual contemporânea, efetivando práticas de leitura visual capazes de aprimorar os conhecimentos linguísticos dos alunos. Para essa pesquisa, adotou-se como método científico o Estudo de Caso com abordagem qualitativa-quantitativa, tendo como campo empírico a EMEF Iraildes Padilha Carvalho, no município de Tobias Barreto-SE. Como instrumento de coleta foi realizada a observação e a aplicação de questionário. A pesquisa está fundamentada a partir da Gramática do Design Visual de Kress e van Leeuwen (1996), a qual promove a concepção de que os elementos visuais presentes apresentam uma arquitetura própria e significante. Como aporte teórico, utilizou-se também dos estudos de Rojo e Moura (2013), Marcuschi (2011), Bakthin (2011), Tarouco (2003) e Dionísio (2011) dentre outros. Partindo-se do pressuposto de que a leitura visual é pouco explorada em sala de aula, bem como da necessidade de inserção da tecnologia de forma interativa e dinâmica nas práticas pedagógicas, elaborou-se um Objeto Digital de Aprendizagem (ODA) para utilização com os alunos durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Nesse contexto, optou-se pela capa da revista Mundo Estranho como o corpus a ser investigado, a partir do qual foram planejadas as estratégias e os recursos a serem aplicados em sala de aula. Após todo o processo de investigação, os resultados evidenciaram que os alunos pouco exploravam os elementos visuais presentes nos textos, tendo em vista a percepção unilateral de que as imagens e os demais elementos visuais servem apenas para ilustração. Além disso, comprovou-se também que os recursos digitais possibilitam a exploração e ampliação da leitura visual, trazendo para o aluno uma aprendizagem dinâmica e significativa. / Itabaiana, SE

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Currently, despite the iconographic language be disseminated through images, students in all segments are struggling to read, interpret and correlate images, especially photography, which are constantly used in textbooks, newspapers and magazines printed or virtual. The documentary photography in addition to register important historical moments provides the critical reflection of what is recorded. In this way, it was elaborated and applied a didactic project with students of the 9th year of School Unit Municipal School of Swallow in order to provide visual literacy from documentary photographic images. It was chosen as corpus of research some images/photos of photographer Sebastião Salgado for his work to prioritize a reflection about social ills. The research is based from the grammar of Visual Design of Kress and van Leween (1996) that lists aspects of an image that can be analyzed carefully. Was also of fundamental importance the gender studies of Baktin (2011), Marchuschi (2008), Dionysus (2011), among others. Given this, the present research was used in the first moment of a bibliographical research in order to provide justification for consistent, especially in relation to the semiotic studies with knowledge and deepening of the grammar of visual design (GDV) so that it could analyze the photographs chosen semiologicamente. The second step took place through action research, i.e. the analysis done in the light of the theory was put into practice through the application of lesson plans arranged in a didactic project, which culminated in a pedagogical sketchbook containing simplified explanations regarding GDV and the pedagogical project step-by-step with guidelines for the teacher. / Atualmente, apesar da linguagem iconográfica ser disseminada por meio de imagens, os alunos em todos os segmentos tem dificuldade em ler, interpretar e correlacionar imagens, principalmente a fotografia, que constantemente são usados nos livros didáticos, jornais e revistas impressas ou virtuais. A fotografia documental além de registrar momentos históricos importantes proporciona a reflexão crítica daquilo que é registrado. Dessa forma, foi elaborado e aplicado um projeto didático com alunos do 9º ano da Unidade Escolar Colégio Municipal de Andorinha com o intuito de proporcionar o letramento visual a partir de imagens fotográficas documentais. Foi escolhido como corpus da pesquisa algumas imagens/fotos do fotógrafo Sebastião Salgado por seu trabalho priorizar uma reflexão a respeito das mazelas sociais. A pesquisa está fundamentada a partir da Gramática do Design Visual de Kress e van Leween (1996) que elenca os aspectos de uma imagem que podem ser analisados criteriosamente. Também foi de fundamental importância os estudos de gênero de Baktin (2011), Marchuschi (2008), Dionísio (2011), dentre outros. Diante disso, a presente pesquisa utilizou-se no primeiro momento de uma pesquisa bibliográfica com o intuito de fundamentação consistente, principalmente em relação aos estudos semióticos com o conhecimento e aprofundamento da gramática do design visual (GDV) para que pudesse analisar semiologicamente as fotografias escolhidas. O segundo passo se deu por meio da pesquisa-ação, ou seja, as análises feitas à luz da teoria foram colocadas em prática por meio da aplicação de planos de aula organizadas em um projeto didático que culminou em um caderno pedagógico contendo explicações simplificadas a respeito da GDV e o passo a passo do projeto pedagógico com orientações para o professor.

Totalentreprenad är en väletablerad entreprenadform inom byggbranschen. Det har länge använts för att upphandla byggprojekt och medför att totalentreprenören ansvarar för både projekteringen och produktion. Sveriges största beställare, Trafikverket, har nyligen startat en satsning mot att i större utsträckning upphandla sina projekt inom byggande av Sveriges infrastruktur på totalentreprenad. Tidigare har enbart vissa beståndsdelar av projekten varit upphandlade med denna kontraktsform. Förändringen som branschen nu står inför, där Trafikverket ändrat inriktning, syftar till att effektivisera byggprocessen. I och med detta ställs nu högre krav på entreprenörens kompetens att framgångsrikt driva sina projekt. Ansvaret för den omfattande och komplexa projekteringen inom infrastrukturprojekt förskjuts nu från beställare till entreprenör och det åligger entreprenören att driva projektering och produktion på ett effektivt sätt. Syftet med denna rapport är att påvisa hur en effektivisering av utvalda moment inom projekteringsarbetet kan bidra till en mer produktiv projekteringsprocess för Skanska, samt påvisa vilka brister som via fallstudie identifierats i referensprojektets projekteringsarbete. De moment som valts rör ämnena organisation, kommunikation och styrning. Under processens gång har svar till formulerade frågeställningar sökts genom studier av litteratur, vetenskapliga artiklar och webbsidor. Intervjuer på två referensprojekt har också genomförts, varav enkät även skickades ut till deltagare i projekteringsarbetet för ett av de två referensprojekten. Slutsatserna, som presenteras i rapportens avslutande delar, är att det finns delar att förbättra i projekteringsarbetet för det huvudsakliga referensprojektet Stenkumla-Dunsjö, vilket utförs av Skanska. Omstrukturering av projekteringsorganisationen, där projekteringsledaren tillåts att ägna sig åt arbetsuppgifter som åligger den rollen, kan leda till en mer effektiv och tydlig styrning av projekteringen. Vidare kan en ansträngning för att i projekteringsarbetet involvera personal med koppling till produktion och låta dem aktivt deltaga i processen genom att inom sitt respektive teknikslag styra tillhörande projektörers arbete. Fortsättningsvis kan kommunikationens inverkan på projekteringsstyrningen inte belysas nog. Projekteringsledningen bör tidigt i processen etablera och befästa vilka kommunikationsvägar som ska nyttjas, och till vilka ändamål de ska användas. Ett modernt verktyg för kommunikation är visuell projektering, som syftar till att effektivisera och öka kommunikationen mellan parterna. Visualisering av projekteringstidplan och frågeställningar som rör projekteringen, kan underlätta för styrningen av denna process. För att knyta an till föregående mening där tidplanering nämndes, bör tidplaneringen ägnas en stor uppmärksamhet. Att detaljera tidplanen för projekteringen underlättar för styrningen av processen, då delmål åskådliggörs och tydligheten då ökar. Om detaljeringen dessutom utförs tillsammans med deltagande projektörer, kan detta åstadkomma en mer sammansvetsad grupp som arbetar mot samma mål. Avslutningsvis kan nämnas att en tydlig målformulering för projektet i allmänhet, och projekteringen i synnerhet, också bidrar till en effektivare projekteringsstyrning. Något att sträva efter i målformuleringen är att målen ska göras enligt SMART-modellen, då uppfylls kraven på att ett mål ska vara tydligt, realistiskt, mätbart och förankrat. / Design build is well established in the construction industry. It has been used for a long time in the procurement of construction projects, and the result of this type of contract is that the contractor is responsible for undertaking both the design and construction. Recent changes have been made in the procurement of infrastructure projects by Sweden’s largest client, Trafikverket, which intends to increase the use of design build contracts. Before these changes, only certain parts of their projects were procured with this type of contract. The change in the industry, aims to make the construction process more effective. By doing this, contractors are facing increased requirements in running their projects successfully. The responsibility of the comprehensive and complex design process in infrastructure is now shifted from the client to the contractor and it is within the contractor’s interest to manage the design and construction process in an effective way. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate how to improve the effectiveness of chosen elements in the design process, and how Skanska can manage the design process in a more productive way. Furthermore, it aims to show flaws identified in the design process of the main case study of this report. The chosen elements in the design process are in the area of organization, communication and management. During the process of answering the formulated questions, studies of literature, scientific articles and web sites have been made. Also, several interviews took place at the studied constructions projects, with staff both from the contractor and the design firms. Lastly, a survey was conducted within one of the case study’s organization gather opinions on the contractor’s management of design. The conclusions, which are presented in the last parts of the report, is that there are some parts to improve in the design process of the main case study, a project called Stenkumla-Dunsjö managed by Skanska, in this report. Firstly, a restructuring of the management organization, where the design manager is allowed to focus on the duties that comes with the role, can result in a more effective and accurate management of design. Furthermore, the integration of construction in the design process, which originates from the concept of concurrent engineering, allows the contractor to use its knowledge from construction in the early stages of design. This can be made by involving construction managers and allowing them to be design managers as well. Also, the importance of communication cannot be underestimated. In the early stages of the project, the people involved in the design management should establish ways to communicate within the design group. Visual design is a communication tool, with the purpose to increase and make the communication more effective within the group. The visualization of time schedule and current issues may facilitate a more effective management of design. Moreover, the scheduling is a very important part in managing the design process. The schedule should be detailed thoroughly with inputs from members in the design group. This facilitates a clearer image of the design process and when documents are to be delivered. Also, when producing the time schedule together within the design group, this may lead to a more integrated group. Lastly, when formulating goals for the design process, the goals should be SMART, which leads to a specific, realistic, measurable and accepted goal.

Social media is an integrated part of our everyday life. Every user on social media could be a possible customer. The number of users have generated new possibilities for companies to use social media as a tool for marketing. Companies can therefore be more visible as well as they can broaden their scope. Which makes the design of advertisements for social media marketing an important aspect to consider. Therefore, it is crucial for advertisements to be designed in such a way that it stands out from the social media feed and captures the user’s attention. The intention of the design should clearly communicate sender, colors and taglines with its purpose to ensure that the potential customers receive the advertisements message. The focus of this study is to create an increased understanding of how to design digital advertisements for social media, that is by determining principles, guidelines and factors underlying the design. To increase understanding about the design of advertisements on social media, we conducted seven semi-structured interviews. We found that the design of advertisement is mostly made up of perceived and unspoken principles, guidelines and factors. The findings show that they all are relevant when designing an advertisement on social media. When creating advertisements for social media a crucial part is to capture customers' attention and enable purchase intention, which points to the importance of the advertisement’s design.

This study conducts a video game character content analysis to examine villains and heroes in video games by visual design, specifically how the visual design differs from one another between the alignments. Samples were collected by browsing a list of top rated video games, sorted by year, at least one villain and hero were chosen from a number of games until a sample of (N=100) was reached. After the samples had been examined according to a number of variables and codes, they were analysed using a chi-square analysis. The results indicate that villains’ visual design is done in a way to create a negative impression towards the villainous character, whilst the heroes’ design is intended to appeal to the player. The villains tend to be larger in size and look older than the heroes, meanwhile the heroes tend to have rounder face- and eye shapes, in contrast to the villains’ narrow eyes and faces. / Denna studie utför en innehållsanalys på spelfigurer inom datorspel för att granska skurkars och hjältars visuella design inom datorspel, specifikt hur den visuella designen skiljer sig åt mellan dem. Urvalen samlades genom att granska topplistor för videospel enligt årtal, där minst en skurk och hjälte valdes från ett antal spel tills ett urval av (N=100) nåddes. Efter att urvalen undersökts enligt en uppsättning av variabler och koder analyserades de med en chi-square analys. Resultaten indikerar att skurkars visuella design är gjord på ett sätt som skapar ett negativt intryck av den skurkaktiga spelfiguren, medan hjältarnas design är menad att tilltala spelaren. Skurkarna tenderar att vara större i storlek och ser äldre ut än hjältarna, medan hjältarna tenderar att ha rundare ansikts- och ögonformer i kontrast till skurkarnas smala ögon och ansikten.