Detta examensarbete jämför olika rättighetsupplåtelser som kan användas för att säkra allmänna VA-ledningar som ligger i mark som inte ägs av ledningshavaren. När fastighetsägaren och ledningshavaren har en överenskommelse bör de välja att säkra ledningen med ett avtalsservitut eller en ledningsrätt. Avtalsservitutets främsta egenskaper är en låg upprättandekostnad, går att upprätta snabbt samt att den underlättar vid en framtida flytt av ledningen medan ledningsrättens främsta fördel är att den gäller med bästa rätt i fastigheten. Jämförelsen mellan de olika rättigheterna visade att ledningshavaren borde använda sig av ledningsrätten men i de fall avtalsservitutets fördelar passar bättre för situationen kan även den användas. När det inte finns en överenskommelse har ledningshavaren möjlighet att expropriera marken genom ledningsrätt eller mark- och miljödomstolen.   Arbetet behandlar de negativa konsekvenserna med en oskyddad VA-ledning, ledningshavaren kan t.ex. bli ersättningsskyldig pga en oskyddad  ledning. Om ledningen är oskyddad finns det även möjlighet för fastighetsägaren att ta bort ledningen genom att ansöka om handräckning hos kronofogden.     Examensarbetet innehåller även en inventering av alla Nacka kommuns VA-ledningar som inte ligger inom Nacka kommuns fastigheter. Inventeringen av Nacka kommuns VA-ledningar visade att drygt hälften av alla ledningar som inte ligger på kommunens mark är oskyddade. De övriga ledningarna skyddades till största delen av avtalsservitut och ledningsrätt, det fanns även några officialservitut. Inventeringen visade att kommunen inte har upprättat en enda rättighet sedan 2008, vilket tydligt bekräftar Nacka kommuns misstankar om att det finns en brist i tillvägagångssätt med att upprätta ett skydd för ledningarna. För att lösa detta problem måste Nackas organisation få klara riktlinjer för hur ledningarna ska skyddas. Det bästa vore om enhetschefen för VA & Avfallsenheten fick befogenheten att skriva på servitut och nyttjanderättsavtal samt befogenheten att skriva under en ledningsrättsansökan. / This thesis compares different rights that could be used to secure public water and sewage lines that lies in other people's property. In cases where the property owner and the pipeline owner have an agreement they should choose to secure the pipeline with an agreement easement or a utility easement. An agreement easement main characteristic is that it´s not expensive, can be established quickly and that it is easy to relocate the pipelines in the future. The utility easements main advantage is that it applies with the best right in the property. The comparison between the various rights showed that the pipeline owner should use utility easement but can also use an agreement easement in cases where its advantages are best suitable for the situation.   In situations when pipelines are unprotected and when the pipeline owner are in a dispute with the property owner he could apply for a utility easement or turn to a court of justice to secure the pipelines. If the pipelines owner doesn’t get a right, the property owner could apply for assistance to remove the pipelines at the enforcement office.   The thesis also includes an inventory of all public water and sewage lines located in land not owned by themunicipalityofNacka. The inventory ofNacka’s water and sewage lines showed that about half of all pipelines lying on someone else's land were unprotected. The rest of the pipelines were largely protected by agreement easements and utility easement. The inventory showed that the municipality haven´t created a right since 2008, which means that there have to be some weakness in the municipality's organization. To solve this problem the organization must have clear directives about what rules that are applicable for each right and who it is that are responsible for establish the right.

Orientador: Marcelo Dornelis Carvalhal / Resumo: A água tornou-se uma debate crucial após o aumento das disputas pelo acesso e usufruto deste bem natural. Nesse interim temos os determinantes da crise estrutural do capital e suas manifestações atuando sobre as ideias de escassez da água, assim como políticas privatizantes são estimuladas como estratégia para conservação da água no bojo da hegemonia do pensamento neoliberal. Com isso, parcelas do setor público passam a financeirização, e/ou partilhar o controle (parcerias público privada) das empresas. É nesse contexto que pretende-se compreender a Companhia de Água e Esgoto do Estado de São Paulo (Sabesp), com o avanço do controle do capital financeiro em seu controle, e ordenamento espacial. Para isso, utilizou-se como base de pesquisa os relatórios administrativos anuais da SABESP, base de dados do SINIS (Sistema Nacional de Informação do Saneamento) e referenciais teóricos e conceituais. Dentro desse bojo discutiremos políticas tais como a Parceria Público-Privada (PPP) e a terceirização como momentos dessa correlação de forças. Analisar estes momentos de lutas é pensar na capacidade desses sujeitos se (re)constituindo e abrindo possibilidades de superação e enfrentamento à ofensiva Neoliberal. / Mestre

Submitted by GABRIEL ALEXANDRE GONÇALVES null (bigoncalves7@gmail.com) on 2017-09-26T00:45:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 15_05_Dissertação_Territorial_Gabriel Gonçalves.pdf: 2868236 bytes, checksum: 8c94cb2b70a589ea8cd598659a699528 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-09-28T13:29:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_ga_me_ippri.pdf: 2939785 bytes, checksum: 67b2cf0022d6300ed50a4480dd5bd988 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T13:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_ga_me_ippri.pdf: 2939785 bytes, checksum: 67b2cf0022d6300ed50a4480dd5bd988 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-05 / A água tornou-se uma debate crucial após o aumento das disputas pelo acesso e usufruto deste bem natural. Nesse interim temos os determinantes da crise estrutural do capital e suas manifestações atuando sobre as ideias de escassez da água, assim como políticas privatizantes são estimuladas como estratégia para conservação da água no bojo da hegemonia do pensamento neoliberal. Com isso, parcelas do setor público passam a financeirização, e/ou partilhar o controle (parcerias público privada) das empresas. É nesse contexto que pretende-se compreender a Companhia de Água e Esgoto do Estado de São Paulo (Sabesp), com o avanço do controle do capital financeiro em seu controle, e ordenamento espacial. Para isso, utilizou-se como base de pesquisa os relatórios administrativos anuais da SABESP, base de dados do SINIS (Sistema Nacional de Informação do Saneamento) e referenciais teóricos e conceituais. Dentro desse bojo discutiremos políticas tais como a Parceria Público-Privada (PPP) e a terceirização como momentos dessa correlação de forças. Analisar estes momentos de lutas é pensar na capacidade desses sujeitos se (re)constituindo e abrindo possibilidades de superação e enfrentamento à ofensiva Neoliberal. / Water has become a crucial debate ever since the increase of disputes over the access and fruition of this natural resource. In the meantime, the capital crisis‘s structural determinations and its manifestations have been exerting influence over the scarcity of water debate, while privatizing polices are stimulated as strategy to protect water resources in the realm of neoliberal thinking hegemony. Thereby, portions of the public administration have befall financial market or public-private partnership control. Under this framework, we intent to understand the São Paulo State‘s Water and Sewage Company (Sabesp), its recent shift to financial market control and its geographical placement. Along theoretic and conceptual references, the Annual Maintenance Reports of Sabesp, as well as the SINIS database (National System of Sanitary Information) were used as research material, so that we could discuss policies such as Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) and outsourcing as specific moments in such a balance of power. To analyze these struggle conditions is to think about these actor‘s abilities to (re)build and create possibilities in order to face and surpass the neoliberal assault.

Research questions:  How can the Aspvik model be useful for the traditionally functioning water and sewage industry? What are the main challenges for regime actors to implement systems similar to those derived from the Aspvik model? Purpose: The purpose of the study is two-fold. Firstly, we intend to investigate system development and entrepreneurship from below in a local project in the water and sewage industry and its business model. Secondly, the study aims to provide an understanding of how the organization and the development process differ between the local Aspvik project and the existing regime within the water and sewage industry. Method: The study was of a qualitative nature based on an abductive approach. The theoretical framework was based on scientific articles and publications as well as books. The empirical data collection consisted of the collection of primary and secondary data, of which primary data was obtained through a total of 13 semi-structured interviews and secondary data via web pages, public print (laws and regulations) and other sources. A thematic analysis was performed based on the theoretical framework and the empirical data. Conclusion: The Aspvik model can generate usefulness as it contributes by providing a businesslike approach with transparency and visualization of what opportunities the industry actors have and what it may cost. With transparency, the current problems and bottlenecks in the industry became more evident. There are major environmental benefits in increasing the rate of development of the municipal water and sewage grid. It is mainly the Water Services Act, section 6 in particular, which is the main challenge for achieving a more efficient expansion of the water and sewage grid, both in terms of resources and time. It may require organizational change at the regime level, this in order to handle several projects simultaneously, or to provide increased support for private initiatives similar to the Aspvik project. / Problemställning: Hur kan Aspviksmodellen generera nytta för den traditionellt fungerande VA-branschen? Vilka är de huvudsakliga utmaningarna för regimaktörer att implementera system liknande det som härrör från Aspviksmodellen? Syfte: Studiens syfte är tvådelat. För det första ämnar vi undersöka systemuppbyggnad och entreprenörskap från grunden i ett lokalt VA- projekt och dess affärsmodell. För det andra syftar studien till att ge förståelse för hur organisationen och VA-utbyggnadsprocessen skiljer sig mellan det lokala VA-projektet och den befintliga regimen. Metod: Studien var av kvalitativ karaktär med utgångspunkt i en abduktiv ansats. Den teoretiska referensramen var baserad på vetenskapliga publikationer och böcker samt studentlitteratur. Den empiriska datainsamlingen utgjordes av insamling av primära och sekundära data, varav primärdata erhållits genom totalt 13 semistrukturerade intervjuer och sekundärdata via webbsidor, offentligt tryck (lagar och förordningar) och övriga källor. Utifrån den teoretiska referensramen och den empiriska data genomfördes en tematisk analys. Slutsats: Aspviksmodellen kan generera nytta då den bidrar med att tillhandahålla en affärsmässig strategi med ökad transparens och visualisering över vilka möjligheter branschaktörer har och vad det kan kosta. Med transparens blev rådande problem och flaskhalsar i branschen mer tydliga. Det finns stora miljömässiga fördelar med att öka utbyggnadstakten av det kommunala VA-nätet. Från regimens synvinkel är det huvudsakligen vattentjänstlagen i sig, 6 § i synnerhet som utgör en utmaning mot en effektivare utbyggnad av VA-nätet, både ekonomiskt och tidsmässigt. För att hantera det krävs någon organisatorisk förändring på regimnivå för att kunna hantera flera projekt samtidigt, alternativt att från regimens sida ge ett ökat stöd till privata initiativ i samma slag som Aspviksprojektet.

Submitted by Leonardo Gomes Ribeiro Gonçalves (lgribeirogoncalves@gmail.com) on 2016-03-17T23:30:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GONÇALVES, Leonardo Gomes Ribeiro_dissertação.pdf: 1606735 bytes, checksum: 22d73e62ebec198cb8b8f9a1fcf85787 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by BRUNA BARROS (bruna.barros@fgv.br) on 2016-03-23T14:59:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GONÇALVES, Leonardo Gomes Ribeiro_dissertação.pdf: 1606735 bytes, checksum: 22d73e62ebec198cb8b8f9a1fcf85787 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2016-03-30T17:30:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GONÇALVES, Leonardo Gomes Ribeiro_dissertação.pdf: 1606735 bytes, checksum: 22d73e62ebec198cb8b8f9a1fcf85787 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-30T17:38:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GONÇALVES, Leonardo Gomes Ribeiro_dissertação.pdf: 1606735 bytes, checksum: 22d73e62ebec198cb8b8f9a1fcf85787 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / The water and sewage public service relevance is widely recognized. Nevertheless, there is high deficit level of access in Brazil, with different situations in the various country regions. In this sense, the objective of this dissertation is (i) from the interdisciplinary perspective of the Transaction Costs Economics, introduce an understanding of water and sewage public service in Brazil, currently regulated by Law No. 11,445/2007, (ii) evaluate the efficiency of the mainly used mode of governance, and (iii) eventually purpose alternative designs for the organization of the provision, economically superior in terms of reducing transaction costs for necessary investments to fulfill the fundamental objectives defined in art. 2 of Law No. 11,445/2007. The research used as a methodological strategy an interdisciplinary approach to law, economics and organizations, based on the new institutional economics. From the study of the basic institutional environment, with support in the theoretical framework, it was observed that the governance mechanism predominantly used to provide the water and sewage public service in Brazil, ie delegations to State Sanitation Companies through long-term contracts (program contracts) does not favor investments in specific assets (infrastructure) necessary for the supply and does not ensure policy goals. It was also found that there are viable alternatives to overall governance design, although the use of alternative forms probably are not feasible by implementing simple transplant standards, that is, by formal means. The modification of the prevailing water and sewage public service mode of governance, overcoming the verified low performance (low-level equilibrium), can not be held without charge. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome the costs for breaking the path dependence caused by hold-up carried out by the Sanitation State Companies to public service holders (municipalities), as well as costs for the disruption of path dependence in the Brazilian administrative law, which restricts the development of a legal theory of regulation to enable the construction of an adequate regulatory governance to reduce transaction costs in order to make viable investments in infrastructure assets with a high degree of specificity. / O serviço público de saneamento básico tem relevância amplamente reconhecida. Apesar disso, ainda são verificados no Brasil elevados índices de déficit ou de atendimento precário, com situações distintas nas diversas regiões do país. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta dissertação é (i) apresentar, a partir da perspectiva interdisciplinar da Economia dos Custos de Transação, uma compreensão do serviço público de saneamento básico no Brasil, atualmente regulamentado pela Lei nº 11.445/2007, (ii) avaliar a eficiência do modo de governança majoritariamente utilizado e, (iii) eventualmente, propor desenhos alternativos para a organização da prestação que sejam economicamente superiores em temos de redução de custos de transação para a realização de investimentos necessários ao cumprimento dos objetivos fundamentais definidos no art. 2º, da Lei nº 11.445/2007. A pesquisa adotou como estratégia metodológica a utilização de uma abordagem interdisciplinar de direito, economia e organizações, nos termos da análise econômica da nova economia institucional. A partir o estudo do ambiente institucional básico, com apoio no referencial teórico, observou-se que o mecanismo de governança predominantemente utilizado no serviço público de saneamento básico no Brasil, isto é, delegações a Companhias Estaduais de Saneamento por meio de contratos de longo-prazo (contratos de programa), não favorece a realização de investimentos em ativos específicos (infraestrutura) necessários à prestação e cumprimentos de metas da política. Foi também constatado que existem alternativas de governança viáveis ao desenho predominante, embora a utilização de formas alternativas provavelmente não possua execução viável pelo simples transplante de normas, isto é, pela via formal. A modificação da forma de governança predominante no saneamento básico no Brasil, com a superação do baixo desempenho verificado (low-level equilíbrium), não é possível de ser realizada sem custos. Nesse sentido, é necessário superar os custos para o rompimento do path dependence provocado pelo hold up realizado pelas Companhias Estaduais de Saneamento Básico sobre os titulares do serviço público (municípios), bem como os custos para o rompimento do path dependence no direito administrativo brasileiro, o qual restringe o desenvolvimento de uma teoria jurídica da regulação apta a viabilizar a construção de uma governança regulatória adequada à redução dos custos de transação, de modo a tornar viáveis investimentos em ativos de infraestruturas com elevado grau de especificidade.

The task of this diploma thesis is to prepare the design of sanitary and gas pipeline installations in the assigned hospital building. The building has one underground and four above-ground floors. On the underground floor there are technical premises including a boiler room, hygienic facilities of staff and rooms for storage and cleaning. On the first floor there are ambulances of various kinds. Patient rooms are located over the second and third floors. Each room has its own built-in bathroom. There are also doctor's examination rooms and daily room of staff. On the fourth floor there is an ICU. In the theoretical part I deal with the legionella bacterium. I explain what causes this bacterium, what are the conditions for its reproduction, where it occurs and what measures will prevent its multiplication in water pipes. In the next part, I compare two possible variants of the solution of the design of water pipe routes with the subsequent selection of a more suitable option. The calculation part contains all the calculations used to design sewerage, water supply and gas pipeline, including their connection to utilities.