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“Man anpassar sig för att överleva” : En studie om lärande- och anpassningsprocesser hos svenskar med internationella arbetsplatser.Jihad, Dania, Rghif, Yasmine January 2024 (has links)
Abstract (sv): Denna uppsats undersöker de lärande- anpassningsprocesser som svenskar genomgår när de etablerar sig på internationella arbetsplatser. Med fokus på svenskar som arbetar i olika länder utgår studien från dessa två forskningsfrågor: Hur beskriver svenskar sina erfarenheter av att etablera sig på en arbetsplats utomlands? Vilka möjligheter och utmaningar identifierar svenskar i dessa sociala lärande- och anpassningsprocesser? Studien besvarar dessa frågor genom en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer för att utforska individuella erfarenheter av kulturell och professionell anpassning. Informanterna valdes genom snöbollsurval, där initiala kontakter inom forskarnas nätverk utökades för att inkludera ett brett spektrum av erfarenheter och perspektiv. Totalt intervjuades sex svenskar som arbetar utomlands, var och en med unika insikter om anpassningsprocessen i deras specifika geografiska och professionella kontext. Teoretiskt stödjer sig arbetet på Albert Banduras Social Cognitive Theory och teorin om situerat lärande av Lave och Wenger, vilket ger insikt i hur individer lär sig genom social interaktion och deltagande i arbetspraxis. Genom en tematisk analys av intervjudata framträder viktiga teman som drivkraft, kulturell anpassning och anpassningsstrategier. Resultaten visar att både inre drivkraft och en stark självförmåga är avgörande för framgångsrik anpassning. Kulturell anpassning framstår som en kontinuerlig process, där informanterna balanserar mellan att integrera sig i den nya miljön och behålla vissa svenska kulturella värderingar. Anpassningsstrategierna som utvecklas är centrala för att navigera i och dra nytta av den nya arbetsmiljön. Studien belyser vikten av proaktivitet och flexibilitet i dessa dynamiska lärande- och anpassningsprocesser. Denna forskning bidrar till en fördjupad förståelse av de komplexa processerna som individer genomgår när de flyttar mellan olika kulturella och professionella kontexter. Insikterna kan vara värdefulla för både organisationer och individer i en globaliserad arbetsvärld, och bidrar till kunskap om hantering av kulturella skillnader och sociala lärandeprocesser. Abstract (en): This thesis explores the learning and adaptation processes Swedes employees undergo when establishing themselves in foreign workplaces. Focusing on Swedes working abroad, the study is based on two research questions: How do Swedes describe their experiences of establishing themselves in a workplace abroad? And what opportunities and challenges do they identify in these social learning and adaptation processes? The study addresses these questions through a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews to explore individual experiences of cultural and professional adaptation. The informants were selected through a snowball sampling method, where initial contacts within the researchers' network were expanded to include a wide spectrum of experiences and perspectives. A total of six Swedes working abroad were interviewed, each providing unique insights into the adaptation process in their specific geographical and professional context. The study is supported by Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory and the theory of Situated Learning from Lave and Wenger, which provides insight into how individuals learn through social interaction and participation in work practices. A thematic analysis of the interview data reveals key themes such as motivation, cultural adaptation, and adaptation strategies. The results show that both internal motivation and a strong sense of self-efficacy are crucial for successful adaptation. Cultural adaptation emerges as a continuous process, where the informants balance integrating into the new environment and maintaining certain Swedish cultural values. The adaptation strategies developed are central to navigating and benefiting from the new work environment. The study highlights the importance of proactivity and flexibility in these dynamic learning and adaptation processes. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex processes individuals undergo when moving between different cultural and professional contexts. The insights can be valuable for both organizations and individuals in a globalized work world, contributing to knowledge about managing cultural differences and social learning processes.
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The Individual, the Work Environment, the Family Environment, and Stress: An Investigation of Selected Variables with Implications for Personnel ManagementRoss, John K., III 12 1900 (has links)
The application of the systems concept to the individual, the family, and the organization predicts that these systems will interact in such a manner that events in one system will correlate with events in the other systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate one area of system interaction, stress creation and stress outcomes. A search of the literature revealed little empirical research pertaining to the interaction between the family environment and the work environment. However, from the available literature a model of work-family interaction was developed. The model hypothesized specific relation ships between variables within and between the family environment, the work environment, type A behavior, job outcomes of perceived productivity and satisfaction, and the stress outcome of illness. To test the hypothesized relationships of the model a questionnaire was developed and distributed via intercompany mail to mid-level managers of the customer service division of an international airline. Returned usable questionnaires (N = 89) were scored and analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques.
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The Effect of Guest Aggression on Turnover Among Hospitality Managers: a Moderated Mediation Analysis of Stress, Anxiety, and Social SupportMichael James Pittman (12891992) 20 June 2022 (has links)
<p>Managers within the hospitality industry are often required to handle irate guests through various service-recovery situations and thus are exposed to frequent guest aggression. Consequently, manager work is associated with high stress and anxiety. This study used several theories to understand the complex landscape of manager stress and anxiety within the hospitality industry. The Conservation of Resource Theory (Hobfoll, 1989), Stress as Offense to Self Theory (Semmer et al., 2007), and the Social Exchange Theory (Baumeister & Leary, 2005) are used as the foundation to delineate the roles of guest aggression and workplace social support played in reducing manager turnover intention through stress and anxiety. The study results identify that stress and anxiety are vital in impacting turnover intention; however, only certain forms of workplace social support (such as appraisal support) moderate the relationship in such a way that turnover intention decreases.</p>
<p>The study design utilized a moderated-mediation analysis with a two-time cross-sectional survey. Respondents were guest-facing managers in various hospitality organizations, including restaurants, hotels, and clubs. Two hundred and sixty-three participants completed the first and second waves of the survey, and after data cleaning, a total of 260 usable responses remained. This study employed Hayes' (2018) mediation analysis model 4 and the moderated mediation analysis model 58 to test all hypotheses.</p>
<p>This study shows that guest aggression is a significant predictor of turnover intention, and anxiety mediates the relationship leading to turnover intention. At the same time, stress only has a direct effect itself on turnover intention. In addition, this study found that some forms of workplace social support increased turnover intention, while supervisor appraisal (words of affirmation) moderated the relationship. Ultimately, this study helps guide organizations in making decisions that may reduce managers' intention to quit while providing a foundation for future researchers to examine how workplace social support uniquely affects managers.</p>
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The architectural design of Swedish live-work premises : A case study on live-work premises and its potential / Arkitekturell design i svenska bokaler : En fallstudie på bokaler och dess potentialAbbott, Daniel January 2021 (has links)
The pandemic has forced many to work from home and to mix the work environment with the residential environment. The question is if this works? A new concept, based on an old, is live-work premises or as they are called in Sweden bokaler. Bokaler is a concept where the residence is integrated and coexist with work. Bokaler as a concept is not limited to home offices and can involve more traditional work such as service work. A year with this new work environment has made people more aware of the benefits. Many would like to keep being able to work from home after the pandemic, but there has also been reports of concerns regarding how good the home-work environment is. With this new trend, this report will explore the design choices that should be considered when designing a desirable work and residential environment, or in other words desirable bokal premises. This study also hypothesises that live-work premises can benefit vision of safer and more attractive cities. As safety and attractiveness is often associated with the “mixed city,” a term used by architects and municipality staff alike. The possibility to establish bokaler as a concept in Sweden will also be explored. The research is based upon a casestudy research method, where the empiric data comes from surveys (users of existing bokaler), interviews with architects and urban planners, and even how existing theories about creating desirable environments can becompared with existing bokaler in Sweden. The research will benefit a design method that will use the data as arguments for design choices. The study uses this method to see if the desired qualities can be replicated. The research managed to interview ten owners of bokaler, five architects and study six different variations ofthe bokal typology. The result showed that it is often difficult to include allthe desired functions from a work or residential environment. Since bokaler often are placed on the bottom floor many users experience discomfort from being exposed to the city. Architects also points out that there are legislative issues that prevents the concept to thrive fully, they also point out that there could also be cultural and societal limitations to the concept. For instance, workspaces and residences are taxed differently from each other, so that a mix of those functions becomes difficult to assess what law should be abided. The Swedish society also benefits larger companies compared to sole proprietorships, which are oftenthe users of bokal premises. To establish small businesses in a residential area, to achieve a mix of functions would implicate huge risks for thoseowners. The resulting considerations to designa bokal, came down to three things, for it to thrive in Swedish society. These three considerations were also replicated in a design proposal for asite in Luleå.Functions (residential and work functions) should preferably not mix inside the premise. This is because separations lead to less conflict and can even be able to create a more pleasant environment. The bokal should be flexible in its use of rooms and spaces so that it can adapt to changes and multiple functions. The bokal premise relation to the city is also important. The placement in the city and the density of people is important for it to thrive, but also for those who live in the premise to prosper the organisation of rooms and functions should be reflected upon.That the bokal can benefit an attractive society is difficult to assess before seeing the concept itself thriving inthe Swedish society. The possibility to achieve social control exist in theory but is something that should be researched more thoroughly. / En pandemi har tvingat många att arbeta hemifrån och mixad arbetsmiljön med bostadsmiljön. Frågan är om detta fungerar? Ett relativt ungt koncept baserat på ett uråldrigt är “bokaler”. Bokaler är ett koncept där bostaden integreras och lever i symbios med arbetet. Bokaler som koncept involverar mer än bara hemmakontor. Arbetet ifråga är i konceptet inte begränsat till det man redan kan utföra i bostaden utan inkluderar även traditionella serviceyrken. Efter ett år med nya arbetsförhållanden var det många som vill behålla möjligheten att kunna arbeta hemifrån men samtidigt har det varit en del som har rapporterat missnöje med arbetsförhållandet. Med denna plötsliga nya trend ska denna rapport då undersöka vilka design metoder som bör utföras för att designa en “god” arbetsplats som lever i symbios med en “god” bostad, det vill säga en “god” bokal. Denna studie inleder även med en hypotes att bokaler även kan hjälpa när det kommer till att skapa mer tryggare och attraktiva städer. Då trygghet och attraktivitet förknippas med blandstaden som myntas både av arkitekter och kommunfolk. Möjligheten att etablera bokaler och se hur ett sådant koncept passar in i Sveriges städer ska också undersökas. Undersökningen är baserat på en fallstudiemetod där det empirin kommer från nuvarande användare utav bokaler, arkitekter, stadsplanerare och andra sakkunniga. Samt kommer även teorier om hur man skapar goda miljöer jämföras med existerande bokaler. Fallstudien jobbar även ihop med en designmetod där man använder som argument för designval. Studien använder detta för att se om överväganden om hur bokaler ska designas kan replikeras och är sanna. Studien lyckades få tag en handfullägare utav bokaler (tio stycken), fem arkitekter och analysera sex olika typologier utav bokaler. Resultatet visade att det oftast var otroligt trångt att få in alla kvaliteter som önskas i en arbetsmiljö, respektive bostadsmiljö. Eftersom bokaler är alltid placerat i bottenplan upplever användare en otrygghet och en utsatthet för stadsmässiga besvärligheter. Arkitekter påpekar även det finns en del lagstiftande element som förhindrar konceptet att blomstra till fullo samt att det även kan finnas kulturella och samhällsmässigabegränsningar. Exempelvis taxeras arbetsplatser och bostäder olika ochnär man har en symbios av dessa blir det svårt att avgöra vad som ska gälla. Sedan är det även så att samhället i Sverige är designat att gynna störreföretag och inte de mindre företag somskulle använda bokaler. Att börja etablera små företag i ett bostadsområde skulle innebära en stor risk för dessa bokalägare. Det kom alltså fram till att man måste överväga tre saker när man designaren bokal för att den ska kunna frodas i ett svenskt samhälle. Dessa tre överväganden var sedan även testade på ett område och projekt i Luleå. Funktionerna (bostads- och arbetsfunktioner) ska helst inte beblandas i bostaden, detta för att man ska kunna separera för att undvika konflikter ochför att trivseln i bokalen ska höjas. Bokalen bör vara flexibel och ha möjlighet att kunna anpassa sig för förändringar och olika funktioner.Man behöver tänka sig för hur man förhåller sig till resten av staden. Bokalens placering i staden är viktigt för att den ska överleva, men även föratt de som bor i bokalen ska trivas bör organisationen av hur funktioner placeras i bokalen reflekteras över. Att bokalen kan bidra till attraktivt samhälle är svårt att avgöra innan man ser att bokaler kan faktiskt frodas i vårt samhälle. Möjligheten att uppnå social kontroll med bokaler fungerari teorin men det behöver undersökas ytterligare.
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Agile XP, Stress, Trust and Empowerment in Distributed Workforce EnvironmentsRogers, Brandon Q. 05 May 2023 (has links)
No description available.
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Hur delaktiga är arbetsmiljöingenjörer och ergonomer vid projektering och utformning av nya arbetsmiljöer? / How involved are work environment engineers and ergonomists in planning design of new work environments?Holm, Lars January 2017 (has links)
Bakgrund Detta arbete utgör en del av en studie som genomförs vid Enheten för ergonomi vid KTH inom ramen för projektet ”Projektering och planering av nya arbetsmiljöer – ett kompetenslyft hos fhv för kundnytta”. Mer specifikt finns bristande kunskap om vilken roll arbetsmiljöingenjörer och ergonomer har i projektering och utformning av nya arbetsmiljöer. Syfte Huvudsyftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hur delaktiga arbetsmiljöingenjörer och ergonomer är vid projektering och utformning av arbetsmiljöer eller teknisk utrustning i ny-, om- och tillbyggnationer. Metod För att få svar på frågeställningarna användes en enkätundersökning. En webenkät skickades ut till de arbetsmiljöingenjörer och ergonomer som har ett medlemskap i respektive intresseorganisationer. Enkäten innehöll 17 frågor, både multiple-choice frågor och öppna frågor, som besvarades av 531 personer. Resultat Medicinsk och teknisk utbildning var de vanligaste förekommande grundutbildningarna. De vanligaste anställningarna för arbetsmiljöingenjörer var privatanställning, företagshälsovård och inbyggd företagshälsovård. De vanligaste anställningarna för ergonomerna var företagshälsovård, offentlig anställning och inbyggd företagshälsovård. För arbetsmiljöingenjörer var industri det vanligaste tillämpningsområdet, och för ergonomer det vanligaste tillämpningsområdet kontor. De ergonomer som hade en offentlig anställning var de som deltagit minst i planering och projektering. För arbetsmiljöingenjörer var det vanligast att uppdraget kom från byggherrar. För ergonomer var det vanligast att uppdraget gick direkt till dem personligen. Slutsats Av de som varit delaktiga i planering och projektering var det vanligast att ge synpunkter och förslag på åtgärder i byggprocessen. Detta var mycket vanligare än att delta i hela processen. Cirka 20 % av de som besvarade enkäten hade inte alls varit delaktiga. Av samtliga svarande var det endast ett fåtal som inte ville delta i projektering och utformning av nya arbetsmiljöer. / Background This project is a part of the project “Planning of new work environments - improvements of OHS competence for customer utility” which is a study conducted by the Unit of ergonomics at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. The role which ergonomists and work environment engineers play in the development of new work environments is today unclear, and an issue this study addresses. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate how involved work environment engineers and ergonomists are in planning and designing new work environments or technical equipment prior to building, rebuilding or extending premises. Method A survey was used to obtain information. An online survey was sent to ergonomists and work enviroment engineers with memberships in respective associations. The survey contained 17 questions, both multiple choice and open-ended questions, and was answered by 531 respondents. Result The most common basic educations were medical or technological. The most common employment forms were for work environment engineers private sector, occupational health services and joined occupational health services, and for ergonomists occupational health services, public employment and joined occupational health. The work environment engineers applied their knowledge primarily in industry settings, whereas the ergonomists worked with offices. The ergonomists with public employment participated least in planning and designing work environments. The work environment engineers primarily received their tasks from property developers. The tasks given to the ergonomists were given to them personally Conclusion Those involved in planning and designing of work environments were often advisors in parts of the constructions process, and did not participate throughout the entire process. Approximately 20 % of those answering the survey had never been part of such processes. Out of all repliers, only a few did not wish to participate in planning and designing of new work places.
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“Vilka är på plats idag?” : En studie om ledares upplevelser av det aktivitetsbaserade kontoret / “Who is in place today?” : A study of leaders experience of the activity based workplacePersson, Malin, Wiklund, Tobias January 2022 (has links)
Implementeringen av ett aktivitetsbaserat kontor fortsätter att öka inom svenska organisationer. Huvudsyftet är en kostnadsbesparing i form av en effektivisering av kontorsytan men det finns också ett syfte av att erbjuda anställda en mer flexibel arbetssituation. Tidigare forskning påstår att denna kontorslösning bidrar till att anställda blir mer lyckligare på sin arbetsplats, dock saknar detta påstående genuin grund då tidigare forskning även visar på flera brister av införandet av ABK. Studien undersöker hur ledare som besitter någon form av ledarskapsroll med personalansvar upplever det aktivitetsbaserade kontoret och vilka faktorer som kan ha påverkat deras upplevelser. Studiens resultat visar att ledarna har generellt sett positiva upplevelser av ABK. Några av de centrala faktorer som påverkat deras upplevelser är förändringsprocessen och Covid-19-pandemin. Studiens angreppssätt har varit av kvalitativ ansats i form av sex stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer. För att skapa förståelse för deras upplevelser har tidigare forskning i relation till teorier använts för att analysera empirin. Den teoretiska referensramen som tillämpats är; KASAM som innebär en känsla av sammanhang, Organisationskultur och Herzbergs tvåfaktorsteori.
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Interação interdisciplinar e preservação da cadeia de custódia nos ambientes físicos dos setores técnico-científicos da polícia federalMedeiros, José Alysson Dehon Moraes 29 March 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / The main goal of this research is to check how the forensics labs from Brazilian Federal Police follows the recommendations offered by the Forensics National Institute with respect to the physical environment, as well as its implication to the interdisciplinary iteration between experts and to the chain of custody of the evidence. The theoretical basis of this study relies on the knowledge of interdisciplinary, chain of custody, layout in process management and space planning. The research was conducted with data collected from questionnaires submitted to the appropriate sectors, technical documentation produced by the Brazilian Federal Police and additionally with field data collected during technical visits to the forensics labs of Paraná, Santa Catarina, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Alagoas, Rio Grande do Norte e Amazonas, which covered both general and regional aspects. Two different recommendations offered by the Forensics National Institute were identified: the first one concerns the preliminary phase of the building project and the second one is offered in a later moment, during evaluation phase, and it is performed by different work groups. Different opinions regarding the physical environment and facilities of the forensics labs from all over the country, which formed the foundation basis for the proposal of improving the physical arrangement in the forensics unit where the researcher works, as well as to record its subsequent implementation. By comparing the recommendations with the field data, it was possible to identify communications gaps inside the National Forensics Institute itself, which implied in losing opportunities to provide updated information on physical environment to the project designers. Despite the recent advances in this topic, concerning the creation of the forensics units layouts and the creation of committees for the Forensics Management Evaluation, it was concluded that the National Forensics Institute should keep an integrated management system of such information, which should be aligned to the new project and construction trends of the Federal Government, in order to continuously update the system database, transforming the field observations into new guidelines and recommendations. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar até que ponto as orientações repassadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Criminalística aos Setores Técnico-científicos da Polícia Federal, em termos de ambiente físico, têm se voltado para a interação interdisciplinar entre os peritos e para a preservação da cadeia de custódia. Para tanto, foi necessário recorrer a fundamentos sobre interdisciplinaridade, cadeia de custódia, arranjo físico na gestão de processos e ao planejamento de espaços no sentido de fortalecer o embasamento teórico para a discussão dos dados obtidos na pesquisa de campo. A pesquisa, desenvolvida com a ajuda de entrevistas destinadas aos ocupantes de setores estratégicos responsáveis pelas orientações e consultas à documentação técnica produzida na Polícia Federal, foi complementada com a realização de visitas aos setores do Paraná, Santa Catarina, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Alagoas, Rio Grande do Norte e Amazonas, de caráter exploratório e observacional, contemplando desde aspectos gerais associados aos objetos de análise até as peculiaridades regionais registradas in loco. Foram identificados dois tipos de orientações repassadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Criminalística, sendo um na fase preliminar de projeto e outro em momento posterior de avaliação, realizados por grupos distintos de servidores. De norte a sul do país, foram registradas diversas impressões atuais associadas aos ambientes físicos e instalações dessas unidades e, com base na riquíssima experiência obtida em cada localidade, foi possível propor uma modesta sugestão de melhoria ao arranjo físico na unidade do pesquisador e registrar sua implantação a posteriori. Mediante a comparação entre as orientações repassadas com as impressões obtidas nas visitas chegou-se à identificação, por exemplo, de lacunas de comunicação no âmbito do próprio Instituto Nacional de Criminalística, que perde excelentes oportunidades de prover os projetistas com informações atualizadas relacionadas aos ambientes físicos das descentralizadas. Conclui-se que apesar do avanço recente em relação ao tema, no tocante à criação de propostas preliminares de layout das unidades e à instituição das Comissões de Avaliação da Gestão da Criminalística, a unidade central precisa manter um sistema integrado de gestão dessas informações, alinhado às novas tendências construtivas e de projetos da Administração, de forma a transformar continuamente as observações coletadas nas unidades em novas orientações e diretrizes capazes de realimentar o sistema.
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Gestão de pessoas nas pequenas e médias empresas do setor de calçados no Brasil : avaliação do modelo de gestão de pessoas através de um estudo de casoJulio Filho, Oscar 31 October 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-10-31 / O tema Gestão de Pessoas tem sido considerado nos últimos tempos como uma questão de grande importância para a geração de competitividade interna nas empresas, tanto para a literatura quanto para os práticos. Entendendo que essa variável é um fator crítico para o desenvolvimento e desempenho sustentável das pequenas e médias empresas, esse estudo de caso se propõe a analisar o modelo de gestão de pessoas aplicado nas pequenas e médias empresas1 do setor de calçados no Brasil. O método utilizado foi aplicação de pesquisa por meio de entrevistas, junto aos funcionários de um grupo de pequenas e médias empresas, utilizando-se como base de comparação a mesma aplicação em uma empresa de grande porte do mesmo setor. Os resultados estatísticos auferidos a partir da técnica de comparação de médias e análise fatorial evidenciam que há coerência entre as bases teóricas e as assertivas que integram o instrumento utilizado para avaliar a população estudada. Observou – se a existência de influência e relação positiva entre as variáveis analisadas e um comportamento distinto entre PMEs e GDE empresa.
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Drawing conclusions from the pandemic: Changing work venues in relation to resilience as practiceWachowiak, Wiktoria January 2022 (has links)
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic shook the global economy to its core, enforcing wide-ranging working from home (WFH) movements in addition to traditional working from office (WFO) structures. As the debates continue over how to permanently embed WFH into the work reality, to do so successfully, the components of changing work venues must be evaluated. Hence, there is a growing urgency to adapt to the new ways of working through focused organizational and managerial intervention. Utilizing the grounded theory, the analysis of qualitative interview data from Germany and Sweden formed the foundation of the paper’s research on changing work venues concerning individual and organizational resilience. Here, young professionals shared experiences of WFH during the pandemic in conjunction with their time WFO before and after COVID-19 restrictions. Through the theoretical framework of resilience as practice, this paper establishes three processes that have a major impact on the quality of home office in relation to resilience: (1) adapting to WFH, (2) acknowledging the advantages and disadvantages of WFO and WFH, and (3) emphasizing individual preferences and differences. The study suggests that the more structured and faster the company adapted to WFH during the transitional period, the less pronounced the employee’s possible negative experiences were. Concerning the benefits of different work venues and individual preferences, this paper concludes that WFH is a substantial supplement to traditional work on-site with the potential to increase individual and organizational resilience.
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