Voluntary turnover rates among truckload carriers are extremely high, ranging from 50% to more than 100% annually (Griffin & Kalnbach, 2002), furthermore, long-haul truck drivers operate in a stressor-filled environment, which exerts enormous adverse influence not only their well-being but also on their intent to quit. This study explores the relational aspects of the driver's work environment to highlight how the relationships that a driver has with their organization, supervisor, and dispatcher can explain turnover and job-induced tension. Drawing on Social Exchange Theory, Conservation of Resources Theory, and concepts from Hirschman's (1970) theoretical framework of Exit, Voice, and Loyalty, this study hypothesized that Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) have a negative relationship with turnover and job-induced tension and that this relationship is moderated by the dispatchers' sensitivity to voice. Further, this moderation was argued to be mediated by the dispatchers' responsiveness. A modified model, that retains the original theoretical framework, was tested after a number of measurement issues were uncovered. The modified model collapses dispatcher sensitivity to voice and dispatcher responsiveness into one composite variable, dispatcher communication effectiveness. Dispatcher communication effectiveness was hypothesized to moderate the relationships between POS, LMX, turnover, and job-induced tension. The hypotheses were tested in a sample of 166 truck drivers and findings indicate the POS and LMX were directly related to job-induced tension but these same predictor variables were unrelated to turnover. There was marginal support for the buffering effects of dispatcher communication effectiveness on the relationship between LMX and job-induced tension. These findings contribute to the knowledge about the role of POS and LMX on job-induced tension while uncovering the important dynamics in play between a driver and their dispatcher. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.

Horizontal workplace aggression is a workplace stressor that can have serious negative outcomes for employees and organizations. In the current study, hierarchical regression analyses were used to investigate the hypotheses that horizontal workplace aggression has a relationship with turnover intentions, work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict. Coworker social support was investigated as a potential moderator in these relationships. Surveys measuring these constructs were administered to a group of 156 direct-care workers (specifically, certified nursing assistants, or CNAs) in a long-term assisted living facility corporation in the Northwestern United States. Results indicated that horizontal workplace aggression had a significant and positive relationship with work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, and turnover intentions, and that coworker social support significantly moderated the relationship between horizontal workplace aggression and work-to-family conflict, though not in the hypothesized direction. No other hypothesized moderations were significant. Potential explanations, practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

This study intends to shine a light on the psychological phenomenon that is the imposter syndrome, and the role that the employer and human resource departments play in this condition. Based on theories and previous research about learning, competence, leadership and human resources we’ve intended to examine how employers need to consider the Swedish work environment law when handling employees with critical self-doubt in work-related situations. We’ve investigated which work-related situations the study's interview participants experience self-doubt and insecurity, by conducting qualitative interviews. Using their stories, the study has achieved a result that shows a correlation between the importance of genuine feedback, transparent communication, healthy organizational culture and the handling of work-related self-doubt. / Studien avser undersöka det psykologiska fenomenet bluffsyndromet och arbetsgivarens roll ihanteringen av dess symptom i det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetet. Utifrån teorier och tidigareforskning om bluffsyndromet, lärandets processer, kompetens, HR och ledarskap. Teorierna och dentidigare forskningen har ställts i relation till arbetsmiljölagen och det systematiska arbetsmiljöarbetetför att undersöka HR:s roll i frågan. Med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer har det undersökts i vilkaarbetsrelaterade situationer studiens intervjudeltagare upplever självtvivel och osäkerhet. Med hjälp avderas berättelser har studien uppnått ett resultat som visar korrelation mellan vikten av genuinfeedback, transparent kommunikation, sund organisationskultur och hanteringen av arbetsrelateratsjälvtvivel.

Studien behandlar upplevelser och erfarenheter av den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön för undersköterskor arbetandes på sjukhus, samt hur undersköterskorna erfar interaktionen med patienter, anhöriga och andra yrkeskategorier. Detta ställts i kontrast till hur undersköterskeyrket presenteras utåt, via bilder och utbildning. Studien bygger på en fenomenologisk ansats och data har insamlats via semistrukturerade intervjuer. De teorier som applicerats i bearbetningen av materialet är Erving Goffmans dramaturgiska perspektiv, samt Arlie Russell Hochschilds känsloarbete. Ur intervjuerna har det framkommit att undersköterskan ofta befinner sig i den främre regionen, trots att de i relation till vissa grupper och situationer befinner sig i den bakre regionen, samt att bristande kunskaper i språk ofta leder till missförstånd mellan undersköterskor samt mellan undersköterska och patient. De olika rollerna som undersköterskorna tar på sig hamnar ibland i konflikt med varandra med stresspåslag som följd och en känsla av att vara behövd på fler ställen samtidigt. Det kollegiala stödet mellan undersköterskorna är stort och det är en förutsättning för att undersköterskan ska trivas på arbetsplatsen. / The study deals with experiences of the organizational and social work environment for assistant nurses working in hospitals, as well as how the assistant nurses experience the interaction with patients, relatives and other professional categories. This in contrast to how the assistant nursing profession is presented to the outside world, via pictures and education. The study is based on a phenomenological approach and data have been collected via semi- structured interviews. The theories applied in the processing of the material are Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical perspective, and Arlie Russell Hochschild’s emotional work. From the interviews it has emerged that the assistant nurse is often in the front stage, even though they are in the backstage in relation to certain groups and situations, and that a lack of language skills often leads to misunderstandings between assistant nurses and between assistant nurses and patient. The different roles that the assistant nurses take on sometimes end up in conflict with each other with stress surges as a result and a feeling of being needed in more places at the same time. The collegial support between the assistant nurses is great and it is a prerequisite for the assistant nurses to thrive in the workplace.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Work-life conflict has been repeatedly demonstrated to have a negative impact on individuals and organizations alike. Although the negative impact of work-life conflict has been recognized in the Industrial Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavioral literature, very few researchers have developed interventions to reduce it. Moreover, the interventions currently in existence tend not to be practical, grounded in relevant theory, or experimentally tested. Thus, the present study sought to create and test an intervention based upon concepts from border theory and conservation of resources theory. Specifically, using these theories, the intervention sought to provide segmentation techniques as a resource for participants to reduce work-life conflict. The intervention was tested on a group of university employees. Results were unsupportive of predicted hypotheses, the intervention was not found to significantly impact segmentation, work-life conflict, work outcomes, or personal outcomes. Future directions, theoretical and practical contributions, and limitations are discussed. Despite insignificant findings, the present study offers practical and theoretical guidance for organizations and researchers interested in developing interventions to reduce work-life conflict.

Bakgrund: Hög arbetsbelastning och stress inom den perioperativa vården är några av de faktorer som påverkar patientsäkerheten. Tidigare forskning har visat att perioperativ personal upplever stress i olika grad, vid olika tidpunkter och av olika orsaker beroende på profession. Den medicintekniska utvecklingen som har skett under 2000-talet har lett till en ökad effektivitet på operationer och vårdförlopp. Det resulterar i ett ökat flöde på patienter både inom elektiv och akut kirurgi. Det ställs högre krav på personalen att hantera avancerad utrustning och att hinna med mer under kortare tid. Syfte: Att undersöka upplevelsen av stress inom det perioperativa teamet under det perioperativa förloppet. Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes med enkäter och ett mätinstrument. Datainsamlingen resulterade i 134 ifyllda enkäter från tre operationsenheter som analyserades deskriptivt. Resultat: Resultatet visar överlag en låg nivå av stress, men skillnader kan ses mellan perioperativa professioner under de olika faserna. Upplevelsen av stress skattades högre på operationer som pågick längre. Tidspress och problem med utrustning bidrog till stress, liksom brist på erfarenhet och patientens tillstånd innan och under operation. Slutsats: Denna studie har gett en inblick i hur och när de olika medlemmarna i det perioperativa teamet upplever stress. Studiens resultat påminner om vikten av att ha förståelse och respekt för det perioperativa teamets olika upplevelser om stress. / Background: High workload and stress in perioperative care are some of the factors that affect patient safety. Perioperative staff experience stress to varying degrees, at different times and for different reasons depending on the profession. The medical technology development that has taken place during the 2000s has led to an increased efficiency of operations and care processes. This results in an increased flow of patients in both elective and emergency surgery. Staff experience higher demands related to handle advanced equipment and to achieve more in less time. Aim: To investigate the experience of stress within the perioperative team during the perioperative process.  Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study conducted through questionnaires and with a measuring instrument and descriptively. Findings: The results generally show a low level of stress, but differences can be seen between the perioperative staff members during the different phases. The experience of stress was rated higher on operations that lasted longer. Time pressure and problems with equipment contributed to stress, as well as lack of experience and the patient's condition before and during surgery. Conclusion: This study has provided an insight into how and when thedifferent members of the perioperative team experience stress. The results of the study remind us of the importance of having an understanding and respect for the perioperative team's different experiences of stress.

Healthy work environments are critical in fostering occupational self-care for helping professionals, but information on the self-care and the work environment is limited among community college counselors in California. Self-care is essential for the counseling profession in California community colleges (CCC), as it promotes wellness, which is needed in order to provide optimal services to students/clients. The lack of self-care results in counselor impairment, leading to undesirable factors (i.e., burnout, health conditions, and decrease in productivity). In educational institutions, counselors often find it difficult to maintain their own self-care. However, work environments have been shown to affect self-care at work (professional self-care). Past studies have suggested that the work environment can help counselors increase their ability to practice self-care. In this quantitative statewide study on 324 CCC counselors, it was found that the work environment was related to and predicted CCC counselors' professional self-care, even when considering demographic variables. Additional findings from this research study indicated that CCC counselors’ workload had the highest relation with counselors’ daily balance. Differences in groups (e.g., demographic/contextual factors) are found among CCC counselors' work environment and professional self-care, with the greatest group difference on CCC counselors’ status (e.g., tenured, adjunct). Results also suggest that CCC counselors who worked overload (if full-time) strengthened the relationship between their professional development and a sense of community in the workplace. However, overload hours worked per week showed a negative association with their sense of community. These results may be useful to community college counselors and administrators for organizational planning, policy, and advocacy of self-care-promoting work environments for CCC counselors. A limitation of the study was that the majority of participants were female, White, and tenured faculty, which may not represent those outside of this population.

Till följd av den världsomställande Covid-19-pandemin rekommenderas att alla som kan bör arbeta hemifrån. Detta har i sin tur medfört omställningar och inte minst för arbetsmiljön. Arbetsgivaren har inte i samma utsträckning kontroll över hur arbetstagarens arbetsmiljö ser ut, vilket i sin tur medför olika komplikationer. I denna studie har tjänstemän inom revisionsbranschen undersökts då de tillhör en bransch som behövt genomföra anpassningar samt omställningar till följd av Covid-19. Syftet med studien är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning övergången till distansarbete påverkat medarbetares upplevda motivation och produktivitet då de ålagts att arbeta hemifrån. Förhoppningen är att resultatet ska generera ett underlag för företag i skapandet av nya rutiner då kontorsanställda förväntas arbeta mer på distans i framtiden. I denna studie har en kvantitativ metod tillämpats med hjälp av en enkätundersökning som skickats ut till tjänstemän inom revisionsbranschen. Inom enkäten har operationaliserade frågor från tidigare forskning ställts gällande upplevd motivation och produktivitet. Resultatet från denna studie visar på att ökat distansarbete inte med säkerhet påvisar en effekt på upplevd motivation och produktivitet. Däremot påvisas ett svagt samband utifrån enstaka motivation och prestationsfaktorer. Till följd av att majoriteten av faktorerna inte visar ett signifikant samband, går det inte att förklara att antalet dagar tjänstemän inom revisionsbranschen arbetar hemifrån har en effekt på helhetsupplevelsen av motivations- och produktivitetsförändringar. Studien visar att upplevd motivation och produktivitet inte påverkar medarbetare i större utsträckning vid distansarbete. De faktorer som medarbetare upplevt förändrats är arbetsbelastning, kreativitet och hur mycket arbete som blir utfört. Även återkoppling från kollegor anses viktigare under distansarbete. Respondenternas svar skiljer sig till viss del, vilket kan påverkas av individuella faktorer. / As a result of the worldwide Covid-19 pandemic, everyone who has the ability is recommended that they work from home. This has led to adjustments for the work environment. The employer does not have the same control over what the employee's work environment looks like, which in turn leads to various complications. In this study, workers in the auditing industry have been chosen to be examined, as they belong to an industry that has had to carry out adaptations and adjustments as a result of Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to examine the extent to which the transition to telework has affected employees' perceived motivation and productivity when they were required to work from home. The hope is that the result will generate a basis for companies in the creation of new routines as office employees are expected to work more remotely in the future. A quantitative method has been applied in this study, through a survey that has been sent to employees in the auditing industry. In this survey were operationalized questions from previous research asked, regarding perceived motivation and productivity. The results from this study show that increased telework does not reliably demonstrate an effect on perceived motivation and productivity. A weak connection is demonstrated based on individual motivational and performance factors. Due to the fact that the majority of the factors do not show a significant relationship, it is thereby not possible to explain that the number of days during telework in the auditing industry has an effect on the overall perceived motivation and productivity. The study shows that teleworking does not affect employees' perceived motivation and productivity. The factors that have been experienced as changed are workload, creativity and the experience of how much work that gets done. Feedback from co-workers is also considered more important during telework. The answers from the survey vary to some extent which may be caused by individual factors. The language in this following study is written in Swedish.

The main subject of the diploma thesis is analysis and an analysis of management styles and an impact on a working environment, interpersonal relationships and a work activities performance of employees at the Human Resources Agency of the Army of the Czech Republic. The first part of the diploma thesis is focused on theoretical aspects of the issue. It defines the basic concepts of management theory, concepts related to employee leadership and provides an overview of approaches to employees based on leadership styles. At the same time, within the psychology of work, the area of employee motivation, their evaluation and remuneration is presented. Theoretical part of the diploma thesis is at the same time defines the concept of work environment, during which interpersonal relationships at the workplace are further defined. The second part diploma thesis describes the Human Resources Agency, its organizational structure, including the definition of the scope of individual departments and sections and on the basis of a sociological survey using a questionnaire and conducting a guided interview, the influence of the applied leadership style of individual department heads as a manager on the work environment and interpersonal relationships is analyzed. Based on the evaluation of the obtained...

The aim of this study was to determine the impact that Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) design features of green buildings, have on specific organisational outcomes. The organisational outcomes investigated were physical wellbeing, psychological wellbeing, productivity, absenteeism and job satisfaction. These outcomes were investigated within two different green buildings, belonging to a large financial institution, situated in Johannesburg and Durban. Self-report questionnaires were distributed to employees via email inviting them to participate in the study. The questionnaires contained the Warwick-Edinburg Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), the Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) questions, and single-item questions measuring productivity and job satisfaction. Actual absenteeism records were obtained of the participating sample from the organisation. Measures were taken before the participants moved into each of the green buildings and 12 months post occupancy in the green buildings. Measures of a comparison group that did not move into either of the green buildings were also taken at the same time periods. The final sample consisted of 175 participants. The results of this study illustrated significant differences in physical wellbeing and productivity of the participants in the green building situated in Durban. Both these measures increased 12 months post occupancy in the green building. The IEQ design features that were found to most significantly impact wellbeing and productivity within the two green buildings were lighting and air conditions. This research is important as there is a growing movement towards implementing green building design initiatives, however in order to be truly effective, the benefits of green building designs must extend beyond the benefits to the environment and also consider the benefits to its occupants (Heerwagen, 2000).