部分工時工作在先進國家實施許久，且各國部分工時人口多佔一定比例並具有明顯的性別特性，即部分工時勞動型態女性化之現象，特別是女性勞工為了調和工作與家庭生活而選擇了部分工時工作。現階段我國尚未就部分時間工作制定專法，因此部分工時者相關法律仍需回歸現有傳統全時工作者之勞動法令。惟就法令面而言，國內部分工時者與全時工作者勞動條件全然相同，卻仍然產生邊緣化發展趨勢，即便雇主及勞工有縮短工時需求，但運用部分時間工作的比例仍然偏低，顯示現行規定不但無法充分落實保障部分工時工作者勞動權益，與促進利用目標也是背道而馳。對雇主來說缺乏進用誘因，對大多數未就業的婦女而言也無意願藉由部分工時工作來調和工作與家庭之間的衝突。爰上，本研究主要目的係探討我國部分時間工作勞工法制建構可行性，從中發現現行法規在適用部分工時勞動型態產生的窒礙難行之處，立法時兼顧部分工時之勞動條件及促進利用之可能。 本研究藉由相關文獻回顧與整理，瞭解部分時工作現況、定義、適用及所遭遇之問題；再透過與勞工團體、資方團體、政府機關、學者專家及勞工個案代表進行深度訪談，蒐集勞資政學各方代表對於部分工時法制建構之意見，以尋求發現我國部分工時法制建構之方向。經文獻及訪談結果發現，在面臨婚育或家庭照顧而選擇退出職場，再度返回職場二度就業之婦女並從事部分時間工作者，其最大特性是多數仍有家庭照顧責任，僅是責任減輕、非家庭中主要負擔家計者，基於補貼家用考量，而選擇部分時間工作，認為部分工時具有工時短及工時彈性，可以兼顧家庭照顧，對部分工時工作的滿意度高，故部分工時勞工保護之立法仍應兼顧促進利用規劃，以吸引潛在婦女勞動力投入職場。 本研究經由文獻探討及訪談結果歸納以下建議： 一、制定部分工時勞動專法，明文規範部分工時勞動權益。 二、避免部分工時全職(時)化發展，創造友善的部分工時工作機會。 三、明文規範部分工時均等待遇原則。 四、以部分時間工作提供全時工作以外之就業選項，避免已婚婦女因婚育而離開職場。 五、部分工時勞工之教育訓練，應同時兼顧技能再生安全。 / Part-time employment in advanced countries has been implemented for a long time, It has provided female could chose part-time work to reconcile work and family life therefore, it got very high female population accounts for a certain percentage in the part time work. It caused the trendies to feminize of the phenomenon with significant gender characteristics. However, Taiwan has not yet institutionalized in Part-Time Worker Protection Law, thus the legal status of part-time workers still needs to be governed by the traditional full-time workers' labour laws. Although the part-time worker and full-time work be treated with the same law and the same working condition in Taiwan but why employees and employers using this kinds of working pattern still low percentage in the whole labour population accounts and the part-time workers and forward to marginalized development. It shows that the existing regulation not only could not fully implement the protection of part of the labor rights of workers. consequently, the goal of the promote to use the part-time worker is also run counter to the partial hours workers of the labor rights and also short of incentives for employers to use the part-time worker. For most unemployed potential women, there is no intention to reconcile work and family conflicts by working hours. This study is reviewed and collected by relevant literature to understand the current situation, definition, application and problems encountered in the part-time work. According to depth interviews with labour groups, employers' groups, government agencies, academics and labour case representatives to collect the opinions of the representatives of the parties and seeking to find the direction of the construction of Part-Time Worker Protection Law of our legal system. From the literature and interviews found out, women abandon the job when they get marriage or give birth to their own breed and to devote for the family. Those women get employed once again to choose to be a part time worker the most of reasons is that women have family care responsibilities although they are not main economic supporter consequently they reduce the part of the cost of living and subsidize home when they chose part time work. Most of them admit the part-time work has working hour’s elasticity and short hours and flexibility. Because of those reasons, they are satisfied this type of work pattern of the part-time work. Part-Time Worker Protection Law of the labour protection legislation should still take into account the promotion of the use of planning and to attract potential women's labour force into the labour market. Based on the findings, this summarizes the following suggestions : 1) To establish the Part-Time Worker Protection Law in Taiwan, specific regulations the part-time worker rights and definition clarity. 2) It should create a friendly part-time employment environment and prevent part-time work become full-time work. 3) To establish of equal treatment between full-time and part-time. 4) Create another choice of employment for marriaged women, to avoid the most women quit their job as they got marriage and bore their breeds. 5) The part-time labors' education and training should also improve their skills reproduction security.

Depuis l’apparition du CHSCT en 1982, la représentation élue du personnel a connu de profondes évolutions. Délégués du personnel, comités d’entreprise et CHSCT ont dû s’adapter à la considérable extension des notions de santé et de sécurité. L’intégration de l’impératif de protection de la santé mentale des travailleurs dans le Code du travail a bouleversé le champ de compétences du CHSCT. La prévention des risques psycho-sociaux s’est rapidement invitée au centre de ses préoccupations, élargissant d’autant l’obligation de consultation mise à la charge de l’employeur. Des projets et mesures qui initialement nécessitaient la seule consultation du comité d’entreprise doivent dorénavant être également soumis à l’avis du CHSCT. Dans cette procédure de double consultation l’employeur est guidé par le principe de spécialité qui transforme le comité d’entreprise en simple chambre d’enregistrement des avis de l’instance spécialisée. De l’expansion du CHSCT naissent redondances et lourdeurs. Une réforme doit être envisagée. Transformation de l’instance spécialisée en commission du comité d’entreprise ou redistribution des compétences de chacun : l’alternative offerte impose la discussion. / Since the emergence of the CHSCT (health, safety and working conditions committee) in 1982, the elected representation of employees has profoundly changed. Employee representatives, works councils and the CHSCT have had to adapt to the considerable extension of the concepts of health and safety. The integration of the requirement to protect the mental health of workers in the Labour Code has radically altered the scope of competence of the CHSCT. The prevention of psychosocial risks quickly invited itself as the centre of its concerns, thereby extending the consultation obligation borne by the employer. Projects and measures that initially only required the consultation of the works council are now also subject to the prior opinion of the CHSCT. In this procedure of double consultation the employer is guided by the principle of specialty that turns the works council in a mere rubber stamp of the opinion of the specialized committee. The expansion of the CHSCT has caused reiterations and cumbersomeness. A reform must be considered. Transformation of the specialized body in a committee of the works council or redistribution of powers of each : the alternative offered requires discussion.

This research had as its main purpose of investigation the multiple-grades classes, a type of school organization mainly found in schools located in Brazilian countryside, where they are centered in the same schooling time and space, students from different grades (and ages) and, most of the cases, under the teaching of the same teacher. The question which originated this research was built through empirical experiences, and the data taken from the reality and theoretical readings on Countryside Education. In this sense, what is the reality of multiple-grades classes, concerning teachers training and working conditions during the initial grades of countryside Elementary School in Coronel João Sá/BA? The general objective of the research was to analyse the multiple-grades classes regarding teachers training and working conditions in that educational context. Moreover, we constructed the research through the discussion in relation to the agrarian question, education and countryside school in Brazil; identification and discussion on the formation of teachers who teach in multiple-grades classes and the verification of teachers working conditions through the structural and didactic-pedagogical characterization of schools with multiple-grades classes. The qualitative theoretical-methodological approach was adopted in this research, in order to be circumscribed in dialectical historical materialism. The research sample was formed by six schools and fifty-three teachers. Regarding the instruments of data gathering, we used the questionnaire, the interview, the documental analysis and observation. Through the data and the analyses performed, we considered that teachers are not especially trained to teach as well as they work in substandard conditions, what confirms, therefore, the research hypothesis that the State neglects the education in countryside schools, particularly in this organizational way of teaching, when it comes to those teachers training and working conditions. / A pesquisa teve como objeto de investigação as classes multisseriadas forma de organização escolar encontrada geralmente nos estabelecimentos de ensino localizados no campo brasileiro , em que são concentrados em um mesmo tempo e espaço escolar, estudantes de diferentes séries/anos (e idade) e na maior parte dos casos, sob a regência de apenas um professor. A pergunta que deu origem a pesquisa foi construída a partir de experiências empíricas, de dados da realidade concreta e de leituras teóricas sobre a Educação do Campo, que assim explicitamos: qual a realidade das classes multisseriadas no que se refere à formação e às condições de trabalho dos professores da fase inicial do Ensino Fundamental do campo, no município de Coronel João Sá/BA? O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi analisar a realidade das classes multisseriadas no que se refere à formação e às condições de trabalho dos professores do referido contexto educativo. Para tanto, construímos a pesquisa a partir da discussão em relação à questão agrária, educação e escola do campo no Brasil; da identificação e discussão sobre a formação dos professores que atuam nas classes multisseriadas; e, da verificação sobre as condições de trabalho dos professores, a partir da caracterização estrutural e didático-pedagógica das escolas com classes multisseriadas. Como abordagem teórico-metodológica, adotamos a pesquisa qualitativa, buscando estar circunscrita ao materialismo histórico dialético. A amostra da pesquisa foi composta por seis escolas e cinquenta e três docentes. Quanto aos instrumentos de coleta de dados, utilizamos o questionário, o formulário, a entrevista, a análise documental e a observação. A partir dos dados e das análises realizadas, consideramos que os professores não são formados para lecionar especificamente com as classes multisseriadas, bem como trabalham em condições precárias, confirmando, desse modo, a hipótese da pesquisa de que o Estado tem negligenciado a educação nas escolas do campo, em particular nessa forma organizativa de ensino, no tocante a formação e as condições de trabalho dos docentes.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-10-06T20:39:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_T?CIA_CORDEIRO_2014.pdf: 3475768 bytes, checksum: 413c3f0ef8fd6218184872cd9d992f8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T20:39:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_T?CIA_CORDEIRO_2014.pdf: 3475768 bytes, checksum: 413c3f0ef8fd6218184872cd9d992f8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-16 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Considering the context about the health of the worker and the work ability, this dissertation has as objectives: to describe the prevalence and factors associated with work ability among workers from Brazil; evaluate factors associated with work ability among nursing workers of the primary health care in Bahia, Brazil; and to evaluate validity of indicators of the work ability index among health workers in Bahia, Brazil. For that, constitutes three scientific articles: 1 ? Work ability among workers in Brazil: a systematic research; 2 ? Work ability among nursing workers of the primary health care; 3 ?Validation of the Work Ability Index - WAI among health workers. It is considered that the work ability is a broad construct, complex and multidimensional that involves individual aspects, physical and mental, organizational and of the work environment. The inadequate work ability of the nursing workers was associated with the bond of effective work, the work done in just one turn, have developed occupational disease, being dissatisfied with the work ability and live in high strain job. The work ability index showed itself as an instrument capable of measuring the work ability of health workers in primary health care and medium complexity through three dimensional factors related to mental resources, work ability physical and mental, and work ability in the presence of diseases and restrictions on health status. It is expected that this study will stimulate further research in the context of occupational health and that the work ability index can be used in studies with similar populations. So long, becomes necessary intervention in the organizational aspects of work environments to promote, maintain and restore the work ability, as well as the implementation of health work programs for quality and accessible to promote active aging. / En vista del contexto de la salud del trabajador y de la capacidad para el trabajo, esta disertaci?n tiene como objetivos: describir la prevalencia y los factores asociados con la capacidad para el trabajo de los trabajadores en el Brasil; evaluar los factores asociados con la capacidad para el trabajo entre los trabajadores de enfermer?a de la atenci?n primaria de la salud en Bah?a, Brasil; y evaluar los indicadores de validez del ?ndice de capacidad para el trabajo entre los trabajadores de la salud en Bah?a, Brasil. Por tanto, constituye tres art?culos: 1 - Capacidad para el trabajo entre los trabajadores en Brasil: una investigaci?n sistem?tica; 2 - Capacidad para el trabajo entre los trabajadores de enfermer?a de la atenci?n primaria de la salud; 3 ? Validaci?n del ?ndice de Capacidad para el Trabajo - ICT entre los trabajadores de la salud. Se considera que la capacidad para el trabajo es un constructo amplio, complejo y multidimensional que se refiere a aspectos individuales, f?sicos y mentales, organizacionales y del ambiente de trabajo. La capacidad para el trabajo inadecuada de los trabajadores de enfermer?a se asoci? con el v?nculo de trabajo efectivo, el trabajo realizado en un turno, han desarrollado una enfermedad profesional, estar insatisfecho con la capacidad para el trabajo y vivir en el trabajo de alto requisito. El ?ndice de capacidad para el trabajo se mostr? como un instrumento capaz de medir la capacidad para el trabajo de los trabajadores de salud en la atenci?n primaria de la salud y la complejidad media a trav?s de tres factores dimensionales relacionados con los recursos mentales, la capacidad para el trabajo f?sico y mental y la capacidad para el trabajo en la presencia de enfermedades y restricciones en el estado de salud. Se espera que este estudio estimule una mayor investigaci?n en el contexto de la salud laboral y que lo ?ndice de capacidad para el trabajo pueda ser utilizado en estudios con poblaciones similares. Contacto, se hace necesaria la intervenci?n en los aspectos de organizaci?n de los ambientes de trabajo para promover, mantener y restaurar la capacidad para el trabajo, as? como la implementaci?n de los programas de salud do trabajador de calidad y asequible para promover el envejecimiento activo. / Considerando o contexto acerca da sa?de do trabalhador e a capacidade para o trabalho, esta disserta??o teve como objetivos: descrever a preval?ncia e os fatores associados ? capacidade para o trabalho entre trabalhadores do Brasil; avaliar fatores associados ? capacidade para o trabalho em trabalhadores de enfermagem da aten??o b?sica ? sa?de na Bahia, Brasil; e avaliar indicadores de validade do ?ndice de capacidade para o trabalho entre trabalhadores da sa?de na Bahia, Brasil. Para tanto, se constitui de tr?s artigos cient?ficos: 1 ? Capacidade para o trabalho entre trabalhadores do Brasil: uma pesquisa sistem?tica; 2 ? Capacidade para o trabalho entre trabalhadores de enfermagem da aten??o b?sica ? sa?de; 3 ? Valida??o do ?ndice de Capacidade para o Trabalho - ICT entre trabalhadores da sa?de. Considera-se que a capacidade para o trabalho ? um construto amplo, complexo e multidimensional que envolve aspectos individuais, f?sicos e mentais, organizacionais e do ambiente de trabalho. A capacidade para o trabalho inadequada dos trabalhadores de enfermagem esteve associada ao v?nculo de trabalho efetivo, trabalho realizado em apenas um turno, ter desenvolvido doen?a ocupacional, estar insatisfeito com a capacidade para o trabalho e vivenciar alta exig?ncia no trabalho. O ?ndice de capacidade para o trabalho mostrou-se como um instrumento capaz de mensurar a capacidade para o trabalho dos trabalhadores da sa?de da aten??o b?sica ? sa?de e m?dia complexidade por meio de tr?s fatores dimensionais referentes aos recursos mentais, capacidade para o trabalho f?sica e mental e a capacidade para o trabalho na presen?a de doen?as e restri??es diante do estado de sa?de. Espera-se que este estudo estimule novas pesquisas no ?mbito da sa?de do trabalhador e que o ?ndice de capacidade para o trabalho possa ser utilizado em estudos com popula??es semelhantes. Contanto, se faz necess?rias interven??es nos aspectos organizacionais dos ambientes laborais para promover, manter e restaurar a capacidade para o trabalho, assim como a implementa??o de programas de sa?de do trabalhador de qualidade e acess?vel para promover um envelhecimento ativo.

Aims: To analyze the association between psychosocial working conditions and burnout and its core component emotional exhaustion, a systematic literature review was undertaken including cohort studies, case–control studies, and randomized controlled trials. Methods: The literature search in Medline and PsycInfo was based on a defined search string and strict exclusion and inclusion criteria. Evaluation of the 5,599 initially identified search hits by two independent reviewers and a detailed quality assessment resulted in six methodologically adequate cohort studies considering the relationship between psychosocial working conditions and burnout (one study) as well as the burnout core component emotional exhaustion (five studies). Results: The results of our systematic review point to a relationship between psychosocial working conditions and the development of emotional exhaustion/burnout. Particularly high job demands seem to play a role in the development of emotional exhaustion. However, strong intercorrelations between workplace factors, as a matter of principle, make the identification of a single psychosocial workplace factor (being associated with an especially high or low risk of burnout) difficult. Conclusions: Multidimensional approaches including reduction of work demands, enhancement of decision latitude and improving the social climate might be promising for preventing burnout and emotional exhaustion. However, methodologically adequate intervention studies are urgently needed to prove the effectiveness of workplace interventions.

Bakgrund: Ett centralt motiv för forskning mot ensamkommande ungdomar är att återge ungdomarnas egna röster och upplevelser och arbeta utifrån deras egna perspektiv (Darvishpour, Månsson, 2019). I tidigare forskning är utgångspunkten ofta myndighets -eller det offentligas perspektiv (Månsson, 2016). Flyktingar har generellt ofta beskrivits som ett hot mot den nationella kollektiva identiteten (Ahmadi & Lilja, 2018). Samhälleliga förändringar påverkar i stor grad nyanlända barn och ungdomar. För den ensamkommande gruppen av barn innebär flykten i sig en särskilt otrygg situation utan egen familj och det skyddsnät som denna utgör (Darvishpour & Månsson, 2019). För den ensamkommande gruppen är förvärvsarbetet (i studien refererat till som ”arbetet”) viktigt för en lyckad integration. Detta kan bidra till bättre möjligheter att få stanna kvar i landet. Därför är det av särskild vikt att genomföra samtal med ungdomarna och introducera ungdomens perspektiv i ledet mot en lyckad integration i det svenska samhället. Vuxenförebilder, familjehemsföräldrar och gode män kan innebära stor praktisk nytta för de ensamkommande ungdomarna. Det handlar om att samtliga dessa parter måste ta hänsyn till ungdomsperspektivet för en lyckad integration (Stretmo & Melander, 2013).  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att ta reda på ensamkommande ungdomars upplevelser i anskaffandet av ett arbete i Sverige. Det handlar om att undersöka vilken hjälp ungdomarna anser vara mest centralt i vägen mot ett arbete. Följande frågeställningar beaktas i studien;  • Vilka utmaningar och möjligheter upplever de ensamkommande ungdomarna när det gäller att söka arbete? • Vilket professionellt stöd upplever de ensamkommande ungdomarna att de erbjuds på vägen mot ett arbete? • Vilket vuxenstöd upplevs av ungdomarna som mest avgörande på vägen mot integration?  Metod: Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metod. Dataproduktionen bestod av tolv semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomfördes med ensamkommande ungdomar som rekryterades via privata kontakter i formen av ett bekvämlighetsurval. Denna ansats ansågs möjlig även under rådande pandemi. Intervjuerna transkriberades och en tematisk analys gjordes utifrån ett fenomenologiskt ramverk. Resultat och slutsatser: Genom en tematisk analys sammanställdes de ensamkommande ungdomars upplevelser. De teman som framkom var fem stycken och handlade om: 1. ”Nycklar till en lyckad integration” som handlar om att integreras i samhället, ”Ensamkommande ungdomar utan permanent uppehållstillstånd” som handlar om oro och osäkerhet hos ungdomarna,  2. ”Samhälleligt stöd skapar trygghet för den ensamkommande individen” som centralt handlar om vuxenstöd utifrån. 3. ”Vikten av nätverk för etablering på arbetsmarknaden” som handlar om kontaktnät och att knyta socialt nätverk,  4. ”Framtidsplaner för den ensamkommande individen” som till stor del handlar om inre ambitioner. Studieområdet är inte utforskat och det handlar om att fokusera uppmärksamhet på att ungdomarnas egna upplevelser bidrar med mycket nytta till forskningsfältet inom barn och ungdomsvetenskap. Fokus bör vara att prioritera synsättet som inkluderar ungdomarnas tolkningar och synsätt, istället för att beskriva ungdomarna utifrån ett om-perspektiv. Forskningen bör handla om arbetet med ungdomarna istället för att berätta om ungdomarna. Dessutom förutsätter ett lyckat integrationsarbete att ungdomarna bedöms som individer och inte som kategorier av ensamkommande, flyktingar eller migranter. När ungdomarnas perspektiv belyses, bidrar detta till värdefulla perspektiv. Inte minst i ledet att integrera ensamkommande ungdomar i den svenska arbetsmarknaden. / Background: A central motive for research against unaccompanied young people is to reproduce the young people's own voices and experiences and work from their own perspective (Darvishpour, Månsson, 2019). In previous research, the starting point is often the government or public perspective (Månsson, 2016). Refugees have generally often been described as a threat to the national collective identity (Ahmadi & Lilja, 2018). Societal changes greatly affect newly arrived children and young people. For the unaccompanied group of children, the refugee situation in itself means a particularly insecure situation without an own family and the safety net that this constitutes (Darvishpour & Månsson, 2019). For the unaccompanied group, employment (referred to in the study as “work”) is important for successful integration. This can contribute to better opportunities to stay in the country. Therefore, it is of particular importance to conduct conversations with the young people and introduce the young people's perspective in the direction of a successful integration into Swedish society. Adult role models, foster parents and good men can be of great practical benefit to the unaccompanied young people. It is about all these parties having to take into account the youth perspective for a successful integration (Stretmo & Melander, 2013).  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the experiences of unaccompanied young people in acquiring a job in Sweden. It is about examining what help young people consider to be most central in the path to a job. The following issues are considered in this study;  • What challenges and opportunities do unaccompanied minors experience when it comes to looking for work? • What professional support do the unaccompanied young people feel they are offered on the way to a job? • Which adult support is perceived by young people as most crucial on the road to integration? Method: This study is based on a qualitative method. The data production consisted of twelve semi-structured interviews conducted with unaccompanied young people who were recruited 5via private contacts in the form of a convenience sample. This approach was considered possible even during the current pandemic. The interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis was made based on a phenomenological framework.  Results and conclusions: Through a thematic analysis, the experiences of unaccompanied young people were compiled. The themes that emerged were five and were about:  1. “Keys to a successful integration”, which deals with integration into society,  2. “Unaccompanied young people without a permanent residence permit”, which deals with the anxiety and insecurity of young people. 3. “Social support creates security for the unaccompanied individual”, which is centrally about adult support from outside. 4. “The importance of networks for establishment in the labor market”, which deals with contact networks and the connection of social networks,  5. “Future plans for the unaccompanied individual”, which is largely about inner ambitions.  The study area has not been explored and it is a matter of focusing attention on the fact that the young people's own experiences contribute with great benefit to the field of research in children and youth science. The focus should be on prioritizing the approach that includes the young people's interpretations and views, instead of describing the young people from a re-perspective. The research should be about working with young people instead of telling about young people. In addition, successful integration work presupposes that young people are assessed as individuals and not as categories of unaccompanied minors, refugees or migrants. When young people's perspectives are highlighted, this contributes to valuable perspectives. Not least at the stage of integrating unaccompanied young people into the Swedish labor market.

The Master´s thesis „Stress evaluation, coping and reduction” deals with a very up-to-date subject of employees stress. It analyzes stress types, development, symptoms and influence on health and work results of employees. It also concentrates on factors which evoke the stress, their identification and elimination in corporate environment. The first part of my thesis focuses on theoretical analysis of the above-mentioned issues. Second, practical part deals with the process of finding and evaluting stress factors in a logistic company and its employees. Final part focuses on project of elimination of stress and its factors in the company.

The dissertation "The role of private security companies and their position in the labor market" focuses on a comprehensive assessment of the state of commercial security in the Czech Republic in terms of the legislation, which define their existence and activities. The main emphasis is on the state, as major customer security services - the dissertation examines the way in which they are purchased by the security services and the consequent impact on the commercial security market in the Czech Republic. The first part describes the theoretical and factual bases, which are necessary for the empirical part of the dissertation and interpretation of the findings. This is essentially a brief history of private security services, their typology and the role they occupy in the security system of our country and also about the current legislation, which regulates the activities of private security services. The research mainly uses the method of case study are explored individual "cases", fives tenders for the purchase of security services according to the "Law on public procurement", which are then processed into generalizing case studies. Part of the empirical part of the dissertation is also a comparison of the Czech Republic with selected European countries and the impact of these interventions on the...

The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the working conditions on the productivity of the nursing staff in the Midwife&Obstetrical Unit of Pretoria West Hospital. It was important to establish the working conditions prevailing within the unit and further to determine which factors related to the working conditions that influence productivity of the nursing staff. The findings of the research are intended to provide guidance to the management in dealing with issues regarding working conditions so as to improve the productivity of the nursing staff in the unit. A combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches was used, specifically the dominant-less-dominant model. The research approach was predominantly quantitative with lesser qualitative components incorporated for respondents to give recommendations intended for management so that improvement in their working conditions could be implemented Applied research was relevant in this study as the knowledge gained, can be utilised to address productivity problems emanating from working conditions. The aspects of working conditions that impact on productivity were explored and discussed in the literature study. The literature study also included a discussion on the cost of work stress on individuals and organizations. The section concluded with a discussion on the role of Employee Assistance Programme (EAP) in an organization. A self-developed questionnaire was used as a research tool to collect data from the respondents. No sampling was done because of the small size of the population, hence all members of the population were included in the study. The findings of the study were based on thirty-four questionnaires that were returned by the respondents. The findings were analysed and presented using tables and graphs which were then interpreted in words. The study revealed that the majority of the nursing staff in the Midwife Obstetrical Unit of Pretoria West Hospital perceives their working conditions as being stressful. The working conditions are negatively impacting on their well-being and job performance. The study also revealed that EAP has been implemented at the hospital, but the services of the programme are not being utilised by the majority of the nurses in the unit. Based on the findings of the study conclusions and recommendations were made regarding strategies to improve working conditions and to increase productivity. The important limitation of the study was that through reflections of some of the respondents’ views regarding sensitive issues were not obtained. Participants were given a choice of three responses which included remaining neutral. Unfortunately some respondents chose this option rather than taking a firm stand. / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

High speed in waves, necessary in for instance rescue or military operations, often result in severe loading on both the craft and the crew. To maximize the performance of the high-speed craft (HSC) system that the craft and crew constitute, balance between these loads is essential. There should be no overload or underuse of crew, craft or equipment. For small high-speed craft systems, man is often the weakest link. The human exposure to vibration and shock results in injuries and other adverse health effects, which increase the risks for non-safe operations and performance degradation of the crew and craft system. To achieve a system in balance, the human acceleration exposure must be considered early in ship design. It must also be considered in duty planning and in design and selection of vibration mitigation systems. The thesis presents a simulation-based method for prediction and evaluation of the acceleration exposure of the crew on small HSC. A numerical seat model, validated with experimental full-scale data, is used to determine the crew's acceleration exposure. The input to the model is the boat acceleration expressed in the time domain (simulated or measured), the total mass of the seated human, and seat specific parameters such as mass, spring stiffness and damping coefficients and the seat's longitudinal position in the craft. The model generates seat response time series that are evaluated using available methods for evaluation of whole-body vibration (ISO 2631-1 \&amp; ISO 2631-5) and statistical methods for calculation of extreme values. The presented simulation scheme enables evaluation of human exposure to vibration and shock at an early stage in the design process. It can also be used as a tool in duty planning, requirements specification or for design of appropriate vibration mitigation systems. Further studies is proposed within three areas: investigation of the actual operational profiles of HSC, further development of seat models and investigation of the prevailing injuries and health problems among the crew of HSC. / <p>QC 20150126</p>