Thesis (D. Th.)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The difficulties attending the reading 2 Cor 10-13 are widely recognized. This dissertation aims to interpret the text by means of socio-rhetorical analysis and to investigate what its real purpose is. Our hypothesis is that this Pauline discourse aims at the Corinthians’ edification by defending his apostolic lifestyle and so giving them a good example of imitatio Christi, imitatio Pauli (Chapter 1). Chapter 2 surveys the recent studies of 2 Cor 10-13 from various approaches, viz. literary historical approach, historical approach, rhetorical approach, and ethical and social-scientific approach. Because of the limited results of each approach used alone, we need a multidimensional and multi-disciplinary method is required. Chapter 3 reconfigures the sociorhetorical approach developed by Robbins into a fourfold dimensional analysis for a more adequate reading of 2 Cor 10-13: a rhetorical analysis; an analysis of intertexture and rhetorolect; an analysis of social, cultural and ideological texture; and an analysis of sacred texture. Chapter 4 analyzes the rhetoric of 2 Cor 10-13. The four realities of the rhetorical situation are the invasion of the outsiders against Paul, the discontent of the insiders with Paul, the conflict concerning Paul’s support, and the plan of Paul’s upcoming visit. The rhetorical arrangement, as a deliberative argumentation but including judicial and epideictic elements, is summarized as follows: exordium and propositio (10:1-11); narratio (10:12-18); argumentatio (11:1-13:4); peroratio (13:5-10). The argumentatio marshals four arguments: what is the true character of the intruders? (11:1-21a); what is the servant of Christ like? (11:21b-12:10); who is whose benefactor? (12:11-19); what sort of man do they expect with Paul’s upcoming visit? (12:20-13:4). Chapter 5 discusses the intertexture and rhetorolect of 2 Cor 10-13. The discourse is thickly intertextured providing the vivid picture and the persuasive rationale for his arguments, and is woven of various rhetorolects. The main rhetorolect is prophetic, which focuses on Paul whom God has chosen to take leadership in the production of righteousness. By blending this rhetorolect with priestly, our text manifests that Paul, in weakness and sufferings, according to God’s call, is following the example of Christ.Chapter 6 explores the social, cultural and ideological textures in 2 Cor 10-13. In social texture, the discourse has a vision of acquiring cognitive abilities for the aim of transforming people so they may build a Christian community in faith until God transforms all. In cultural texture, the discourse utilizes the conventions of dominant culture, but rejects its central values and creates an antithetical set of values based on the crucified Christ. In ideological texture, the discourse presents the social ethos that opposes the dominant social order: it represents rather the interests of the socially weak. The Pauline discourse, however, legitimises his position of primary authority over the Corinthian Christians. Chapter 7 investigates the sacred texture in 2 Cor 10-13. The discourse establishes a theology which is balanced by the crucified and resurrected Christ. Christ’s crucifixion and resurrection is recapitulated in Paul’s apostleship, discipleship and servant-ship in the form of imitatio Christi, and must be reproduced in the Corinthian church in the form of imitatio Pauli. In the final assessment, the main purpose of 2 Cor 10-13 is defined as the edification of the Corinthian church through defending Paul’s apostolic lifestyle, which is characterized by the imitatio Christi. Paul’s lifestyle is derived from Christ who was crucified and resurrected by the power of God, demonstrating God’s power manifested in human weakness. Now it is the Corinthians’ turn to demonstrate the divine power manifested in their imitatio Pauli. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar word algemeen aanvaar dat daar probleme is met die lees van 2 Kor. 10-13. Hierdie verhandeling probeer om deur middel van sosiaal-retoriese analise die teks te ontleed en die ware oogmerk daarvan te ondersoek. Die hipotese waarvan uitgegaan word, is dat die Pauliniese diskoers ingestel is op die geestelike opheffing van die Korintiërs deur sy verdediging van die apostoliese lewenstyl en deur vir hulle ’n goeie voorbeeld van imitatio Christi, imitatio Pauli te stel (Hoofstuk 1). Hoofstuk 2 bestudeer onlangse ondersoeke na 2 Kor. 10-13 vanuit verskillende benaderingshoeke, naamlik die literêrhistoriese benadering, die historiese benadering, die retoriese benadering, en etiese en sosiaalwetenskaplike benaderings. Die beperkte resultate wat die afsonderlike gebruik van elke benadering sou oplewer, vereis dat ’n multidimensionele en multidissiplinêre metode gebruik moet word. Hoofstuk 3 rekonfigureer die sosiaal-retoriese benadering wat deur Robbins ontwikkel is, tot ’n viervoudige dimensionele ontleding vir ’n vollediger lees van 2 Kor. 10-13: ’n retoriese analise; ’n analise van intertekstualiteit en reterolek; ’n analise van sosiale, kulturele en ideologiese intertekstualiteit; en ’n analise van gewyde tekstualiteit. Hoofstuk 4 ontleed die retoriek in 2 Kor. 10-13. Die vier realiteite van die retoriese situasie is die inval van die buitestanders teen Paulus, die ontevredenheid van lede van die binnekring jeens Paulus, die konflik met betrekking tot Paulus se ondersteuning, en die plan met betrekking tot Paulus se voorgenome besoek. Die retoriese skikking, as ’n beraadslagende betoog, maar met inbegrip van forensiese en epideiktiese elemente, word soos volg opgesom: exordium en propositio (10:1-11); narratio (10:12-18); argumentatio (11:1-13:4); peroratio (13:5-10). Die argumentatio behels leiding vir vier argumente: wat is die ware karakter van die indringers? (11:1-21a); waaraan ken ’n mens die dienaar van Christus uit? (11:21b-12:10; wie is wie se weldoener? (12:11-19); watter soort man verwag hulle met Paulus se voorgenome besoek? (12:20-13:4). Hoofstuk 5 bied ’n bespreking van die intertekstualiteit en reterolek van 2 Kor. 10-13. Die diskoers is ryklik voorsien van intertekste en verskaf so ’n duidelike prentjie en die grondrede vir sy argumente, wat uit verskeie reterolekte ineengeweef is. Die belangrikste reterolek isprofeties, en fokus op Paulus wat deur God uitgekies is om leierskap te aanvaar vir die voortbrenging van regverdigheid. Deur hierdie reterolek met die priesterlike te vermeng, gee ons teks blyke daarvan dat Paulus, in swakheid en lyding, volgens God se roeping, die voorbeeld van Christus volg. Hoofstuk 6 ondersoek die sosiale, kulturele en ideologiese tekstualiteit in 2 Kor. 10-13. In sosiale tekstualiteit het die diskoers ’n visie van die verkryging van die kognitiewe vermoëns wat nodig is vir die oogmerk van hervorming van mense sodat hulle ’n Christen-gemeenskap in die geloof kan bou totdat God almal nuut sal maak. In kulturele tekstualiteit gebruik die diskoers die konvensies van die dominante kultuur, maar verwerp die sentrale waardes daarvan en skep ’n stel antitetiese waardes gebaseer op die gekruisigde Christus. In ideologiese tekstualiteit bied die diskoers die sosiale ethos wat teen die dominante maatskaplike orde in verset is: dit verteenwoordig eerder die belange van dié wat maatskaplik swak is. Die Pauliniese diskoers legitimeer egter sy posisie as primêre gesag oor die Christene in Korinte. In hoofstuk 7 word die gewyde tekstualiteit van 2 Kor. 10-13 ondersoek. Die diskoers bring ’n teologie tot stand wat in ewewig is met die gekruisigde en opgestane Christus. Christus se kruisiging en opstanding word weergegee in Paulus se apostelskap, dissipelskap en dienaarskap in die vorm van imitatio Christi, en moet ook weergegee word in die kerk in Korinte in die vorm van imitatio Pauli. Ten slotte word die hoofdoel van 2 Kor 10-13 gedefinieer as die geestelike opheffing van die kerk in Korinte deur die verdediging van Paulus se apostoliese lewenstyl wat deur die imitatio Christi gekenmerk word. Paulus se lewenstyl is van Christus oorgeneem, wat gekruisig en weer opgewek is deur die krag van God, wat God se mag wat in menslike swakheid na vore kom, demonstreer. Nou is dit die Korintiërs se beurt om bewys te lewer van die goddelike krag deur hulle imitatio Pauli.

Mesurer l'absolu : voilà toute la force imprimée par les juristes de Louis XIII et de Richelieu à la monarchie qui ont contribué de manière significative à la construction de l'Etat par le droit. Les successeurs des Légistes et des Politiques ont précisé le fondement, le critère et l'étendue de l'absolu qu'ils se devaient désormais de mesurer. La souveraineté est au cœur du processus : elle est déployée sous la forme d'une véritable arme de combat. Dans une version défensive lors de la première partie de règne, elle conjugue l'unité et l'indépendance. Dès 1630, la souveraineté se charge d'un sens offensif en lien avec la radicalisation politique. La souveraineté interne poursuit alors son mouvement : à l'unité comme principe structurant est ajoutée l'indivisibilité comme contenu explicitement formulé. La souveraineté externe, pour sa part, change radicalement de visage : ce n'est plus la construction contre l'autre mais avoir des prétentions sur les autres Etats. Ce faisant, la souveraineté interne et externe se confondent dans une souveraineté-puissance plus que dans une souveraineté-liberté sachant qu'aujourd'hui, la première renvoie à l'ordre interne et la seconde à l'ordre international. Il faudra attendre 1648 et la conférence de Westphalie pour que les relations interétatiques soient marquées d'une volonté de stabilité. Autrement dit, si l'Etat a émergé contre les autres entités étatiques, il se consolidera avec celles-ci, dans un cadre pacifié. L'affirmation d'une souveraineté-puissance passe au préalable par la constitution d'une sorte de trinité civile composée du roi, désormais consolidé, de la souveraineté et de l'Etat / Measuring the absolute: it is through this concept that the jurists of Louis XIII and Richelieu significantly contributed to the elaboration of a State based on the rule of law. The successors of the Légistes and the Politiques defined the foundations, criteria and limits of this notion of absolute, which they now had to measure. Being at the heart of the process, sovereignty was used as a genuine weapon. Throughout the first half of the reign, sovereignty, in its defensive sense, combined both the ideas of unity and independence. However, as of 1630, sovereignty became more offensive in nature in response to political radicalisation. Internal sovereignty thus followed its course, explicitly adding the concept of indivisibility to the structuring principle of unity. External sovereignty, on the other hand, underwent major changes: self-construction could no longer rely solely on implicit differentiation with others and it now implied having claims over other States. In doing so, internal and external sovereignty merged into souveraineté-puissance more so than into souveraineté-liberté; bearing in mind that today, the former refers to internal affairs and the latter to foreign affairs. It was not until 1648 and the peace treaties of Westphalia that interstate relations manifested a desire of stability. In other words, if the State emerged against other State entities, it grew stronger alongside them, within a pacified context. The affirmation of souveraineté-puissance depended on the prior constitution of a civil trinity of sorts, made-up of the now strengthened king, sovereignty and the State

Au travers de cette thèse, nous nous sommes attachés à comprendre la politique gouvernementale menée par Richelieu vis-à-vis des parlements méridionaux (Toulouse, Bordeaux et Aix), ainsi que ses conséquences jusqu’aux guerres civiles de la Fronde. De 1624 – date de l’accès du premier cardinal ministre au Conseil de Louis XIII – à 1654 – date de rétablissement d’un parlement à Bordeaux après la Fronde –, ces années cardinales furent celles du choix de la guerre contre la monarchie espagnole. Elles furent aussi marquées par la constitution d’une alliance politique au sommet de l’État entre Richelieu et le prince de Condé. Une alliance robuste qui laissa la place à un système polycratique instable durant les années de la régence d’Anne d’Autriche, organisé autour du triumvirat Condé, Mazarin, Orléans. Ce double contexte, militaire et politique, eut d’importants échos dans les provinces méridionales et leurs parlements. Cependant, nous n’avons pas limité notre champ d’investigation au seul point de vue gouvernemental. Nous avons veillé à reconstruire les dynamiques politiques provinciales afin de comprendre au mieux les prises de position au sein des parlements. Pour cela, nous avons mis les factions et le factionnalisme au cœur de notre analyse en tentant de produire une véritable « histoire-cabales » des parlements méridionaux durant les années cardinales. Nous avons défini les factions parlementaires comme des coalitions temporaires, nébuleuses de magistrats ou de familles de magistrats, dont on pouvait distinguer un noyau dur d’adhérents fortement impliqués dans les confrontations et des marges plus ou moins actives en fonction des enjeux et des recompositions d’alliances. Leurs interactions et leurs affrontements caractérisaient le factionnalisme. Notre étude a donc porté dans une première partie sur le cadre de la vie politique provinciale. Nous y avons reconstitué le microcosme politique dans lequel évoluaient les magistrats et dans lequel se formaient leurs factions. Une attention particulière a ainsi été portée à reconstruire les tensions institutionnelles, les différents réseaux, ainsi que le contexte politique des années cardinales à la cour comme en province. Dans une seconde partie, la politique de Richelieu vis-à-vis des parlements méridionaux a été analysée. Trois séquences politiques ont été ainsi reconstruites avec minutie afin de faire apparaître comment le cardinal et ses hommes exploitaient les conflictualités locales à leur profit, y attisant le factionnalisme. Enfin, dans une dernière partie, l’ébranlement du système Richelieu et les conséquences de ce phénomène dans les guerres civiles de la Fronde ont été analysés au travers du prisme des factions. Ce travail vise ainsi à mettre les factions et le factionnalisme au cœur de l’analyse de la politique parlementaire sous l’Ancien Régime. / Through this thesis, we endeavoured to understand Richelieu's government policy towards the southern parliaments (Toulouse, Bordeaux and Aix), as well as its consequences until the civil wars of the Fronde. From 1624 – date of the first cardinal minister's access to the Council of Louis XIII – to 1654 – date of re-establishment of a parliament in Bordeaux after the Fronde – these cardinal years were those of the choice of war against the Spanish monarchy. They were also marked by the constitution of a political alliance at the summit of the State between Richelieu and the Prince de Condé. A robust alliance that gave way to an unstable polycratic system during the years of the regency of Anne of Austria, organized around the triumvirate Condé, Mazarin, Orléans. This dual context, military and political, had important echoes in the southern provinces and their parliaments. However, we have not limited our scope of investigation solely to the government's point of view. We have been working to rebuild provincial political dynamics in order to better understand the positions taken by parliaments. To this end, we have put factions and factionalism at the heart of our analysis by attempting to produce a genuine "cabal story" of the southern parliaments during the cardinal years. We have defined parliamentary factions as temporary coalitions, nebulas of magistrates or families of magistrates, of which we could distinguish a hard core of members strongly involved in confrontations and margins more or less active according to the stakes and recompositions of alliances. Their interactions and confrontations characterized factionalism. Our study therefore focused in a first part on the framework of provincial political life. We have reconstituted the political microcosm in which the magistrates evolved and in which their factions were formed. Particular attention has been paid to reconstructing the institutional tensions, the different networks and the political context of the cardinal years at court and in the provinces. In a second part, Richelieu's policy towards southern parliaments was analyzed. Three political sequences were thus carefully reconstructed in order to show how the cardinal and his men exploited local conflicts for their benefit, fuelling factionalism. Finally, in a final section, the shock of the Richelieu system and the consequences of this phenomenon in the civil wars of the Fronde were analyzed through the prism of the factions. This work aims to put factions and factionalism at the heart of the analysis of parliamentary policy under the Old Regime France.

[pt] Este trabalho consiste em uma reflexão sobre a atuação dos Assistentes Sociais na Fundação Leão XIII na Favela de Vila Ipiranga, localizada na cidade de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, com o objetivo de descrever os limites e possibilidades de uma instituição de assistência social a partir das percepções dos seus profissionais e usuários. O objetivo deste estudo é dar visibilidade à perspectiva dos Assistentes Sociais, que se encontram historicamente vinculados ao aparato de controle estatal e que, conseqüentemente, atuam em instituições cujas origens foram pautadas na assistência material e moral aos favelados. Em nossa sociedade o local de moradia se constitui como um dos critérios de discriminação social de acordo a uma hierarquia classificatória dos espaços urbanos. Nesta hierarquia, desde sua origem, as favelas constituem um espaço urbano que desqualifica os seus moradores sendo, por isso, entendidas neste trabalho como territórios estigmatizados. A identidade dos moradores de favelas é construída, para eles mesmos e para os outros, como um estigma social, que é vivido cotidianamente nas suas relações sociais, profissionais e com as instituições que constituem o aparato estatal, sejam elas de saúde, educação, segurança ou assistência. Este trabalho busca apreender da fala dos Assistentes Sociais, e dos seus usuários, qual a contribuição da Fundação Leão XIII no processo de construção, manutenção e atualização do estigma social vivenciado pelos moradores da Favela de Vila Ipiranga que utilizam os serviços e programas da Fundação. / [en] This work consists on a study about the practices of the Social Workers at the Leão XIII Foundation, within the shanty-town of Vila Ipiranga, located in the city of Niterói, Rio de Janeiro. The goal of this study is to describe the limits and possibilities for a social assistance institution, from the point of view of its professionals and clients. Furthermore, this study intent to highlight the perspective of the Social Workers, who are historically linked to state-control institutions and, as a consequence, operates under the institutional concept of material and moral assistance to the poor. In our society the place of residence constitutes criteria for social discrimination, in accordance to a ranking of urban spaces. Within this ranking, since the beginning, the slums are perceived as an urban space that disqualifies their residents and, therefore, they constitute what we call stigmatized territories. The identity of the shanty-towns residents is constructed, for themselves and for others, as a social stigma, which is experienced on their day-to-day social, professional and institutional relations, including the state-controlled institutions related to health care, education, security and social assistance. This work wishes to learn from the Social Workers, and from the clients of the social assistance institutions, the contribution of the Leão XIII Foundation to the process of construction, maintenance and up-dating of the social stigma imposed to the residents of the shanty-town of Vila Ipiranga who are clients of the programs and services offered by the Foundation.

Este estudo é dedicado à análise da duração do trabalho dos altos empregados. Para tanto, inicia-se conceituando os termos duração do trabalho, jornada de trabalho e horário de trabalho; e analisando as jornadas especiais de certas categorias profissionais que têm duração do trabalho diferenciada por força de circunstâncias particulares do tipo de atividade. Posteriormente, estuda-se a conceituação de altos empregados, seus elementos identificadores, a distinção entre eles e empregados ocupantes de cargo de confiança. Pesquisam-se o trabalho remoto, com ênfase no trabalho remoto dos altos empregados, e a violação de direitos trabalhistas dos altos empregados. Em seguida, examina-se o controle de constitucionalidade de lei, com destaque para o controle concentrado de constitucionalidade. Analisa-se o artigo 62, inciso II, da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho à luz do artigo 7º, incisos XIII e XVI, da Constituição da República de 1988. Tais incisos dispõem, respectivamente, sobre o limite da duração do trabalho e as horas extraordinárias. Estudam-se o artigo 6º, caput, da Constituição da República de 1988, que versa sobre o direito ao lazer e à saúde; o artigo 5º, caput, da Constituição da República de 1988 que trata do princípio isonômico e do direito à vida; e, finalmente, o artigo 1º, inciso III, da Carta Constitucional que dispõe sobre o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Chega-se à conclusão da tese com os argumentos finais e o posicionamento de que a limitação da duração do trabalho trata-se de um direito constitucional que objetiva tutelar a vida, a saúde, o lazer, assim como proteger a dignidade dos empregados. A duração do trabalho dos altos empregados, ante os princípios da isonomia, da proibição do retrocesso social e da dignidade da pessoa humana, e ante os direitos constitucionais ao lazer, à vida e à saúde, também sofre limite constitucional. O artigo 62, inciso II, da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho viola os artigos: 1º, inciso III; 5º, caput; 6º, caput; e 7º, incisos XIII e XVI, da Carta Fundamental, sendo, portanto, inconstitucional. / This study is dedicated to the analysis of hours of work of high employees. Therefore, it starts conceptualizing the terms hours of work, working hours and work schedule; and analyzing the special professional categories that have different duration of work. Then, it analyzes the concept of high employees, their identifying elements, the distinction between them and employees in positions of trust. Moreover, it studies the teleworking, with emphasis on high employees teleworking, and labour rights violation of high employees. It examines the constitutional control. It analyzes the article 62, II, of the Labour Legislation and the article 7, XIII and XVI of the Constitution of the Republic of 1988. Then, it analyses the article 6, caput, of the Constitution of the Republic of 1988, which deals with the right to leisure and health; article 5, caput, of the Constitution of the Republic of 1988, which deals with principle of isonomy (equality of law) and the right to life; and, finally, article 1, III, of the Constitutional, which provides for the principle of human dignity. Reach the conclusion of the thesis with the closing arguments and the position that the hours of work it is a constitutional right which aims to protect life, health, leisure, as well as protect the dignity of employees. The hours of work of high employees also suffers constitutional limit especially against the principle of isonomy, the principle of prohibition of retrogression, the dignity of the human person, and the constitutional rights: leisure, life and health. The article 62, II, of the Labour Legislation, hurts the articles: 1º, III; 5º, caput; 6º, caput; e 7º, XIII e XVI, of the Constitution of the Republic of 1988, and therefore, is unconstitutional.

Orientador: Jose Claudinei Lombardi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T03:12:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cavalcante_TatyanaMurer_M.pdf: 724832 bytes, checksum: 12286df353af6a7f30562e6305497135 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Investigar aspectos educacionais da obra de Santo Tomás de Aquino e, notadamente, o papel do mestre no ensino constituem o objetivo deste trabalho. Para a explanação considerou-se fundamental abordar as matrizes teóricas do autor, bem como a relação entre seus escritos e os fatores históricos que os circunscrevem. O texto parte da investigação do tratamento conferido pelos autores de manuais de história da educação à educação medieval e a Santo Tomás de Aquino, para, em seguida, centrar-se nos pontos peculiares mas, no entanto, pouco aprofundados nos referidos manuais: universidade e escolástica no século XIII, especialmente na Universidade de Paris. Tomando a escolástica enquanto disputa doutrinal, explanam-se três textos do Aquinate, de crucial importância à educação e ao ensino, reinserindo o autor no contexto escolástico. Entende-se que o conflito doutrinal que Santo Tomás resolve, não diz respeito à conciliação entre Santo Agostinho e Aristóteles, mas às contradições do século XIII, no qual razão e fé são fundamentais. A educação tomasiana é totalmente vinculada à sua ¿teologia filosofante¿; em ambas valoriza-se a atividade humana enquanto necessária à bem-aventurança / Abstract: The subject of this study is the investigation of educational aspects of the work of Saint Thomas Aquinas and especially the role of the master in the teaching. It was considered fundamental for the explanation of the question to approach the theoretical matrices of the author, as well the relation between his writing and the historical factors that circumscribes them. The text starts from the investigation of the treatment given by the authors of manuals of history of the education to the medieval education and to Saint Thomas Aquinas, for, after that, focus in the peculiar but little deepened points in the above-mentioned manuals: university and scholastic in the XIII century, especially in the university of Paris. Taking the scholastic as a doctrinal dispute, it expounds three texts from the Aquinate of crucial importance to the education and teaching, reinserting the author in the scholastic context. It is understood that the doutrinal conflict that Saint Thomas decides does not say respect to the conciliation between Saint Augustin and Aristotle, but to the contradictions of the XIII century, in which reason and faith are fundamental. The Thomasian education is totally tied with its "philosophical theology"; in both it valued the human activity as a necessity to the well-being / Mestrado / Historia, Filosofia e Educação / Mestre em Educação

Este estudo é dedicado à análise da duração do trabalho dos altos empregados. Para tanto, inicia-se conceituando os termos duração do trabalho, jornada de trabalho e horário de trabalho; e analisando as jornadas especiais de certas categorias profissionais que têm duração do trabalho diferenciada por força de circunstâncias particulares do tipo de atividade. Posteriormente, estuda-se a conceituação de altos empregados, seus elementos identificadores, a distinção entre eles e empregados ocupantes de cargo de confiança. Pesquisam-se o trabalho remoto, com ênfase no trabalho remoto dos altos empregados, e a violação de direitos trabalhistas dos altos empregados. Em seguida, examina-se o controle de constitucionalidade de lei, com destaque para o controle concentrado de constitucionalidade. Analisa-se o artigo 62, inciso II, da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho à luz do artigo 7º, incisos XIII e XVI, da Constituição da República de 1988. Tais incisos dispõem, respectivamente, sobre o limite da duração do trabalho e as horas extraordinárias. Estudam-se o artigo 6º, caput, da Constituição da República de 1988, que versa sobre o direito ao lazer e à saúde; o artigo 5º, caput, da Constituição da República de 1988 que trata do princípio isonômico e do direito à vida; e, finalmente, o artigo 1º, inciso III, da Carta Constitucional que dispõe sobre o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Chega-se à conclusão da tese com os argumentos finais e o posicionamento de que a limitação da duração do trabalho trata-se de um direito constitucional que objetiva tutelar a vida, a saúde, o lazer, assim como proteger a dignidade dos empregados. A duração do trabalho dos altos empregados, ante os princípios da isonomia, da proibição do retrocesso social e da dignidade da pessoa humana, e ante os direitos constitucionais ao lazer, à vida e à saúde, também sofre limite constitucional. O artigo 62, inciso II, da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho viola os artigos: 1º, inciso III; 5º, caput; 6º, caput; e 7º, incisos XIII e XVI, da Carta Fundamental, sendo, portanto, inconstitucional. / This study is dedicated to the analysis of hours of work of high employees. Therefore, it starts conceptualizing the terms hours of work, working hours and work schedule; and analyzing the special professional categories that have different duration of work. Then, it analyzes the concept of high employees, their identifying elements, the distinction between them and employees in positions of trust. Moreover, it studies the teleworking, with emphasis on high employees teleworking, and labour rights violation of high employees. It examines the constitutional control. It analyzes the article 62, II, of the Labour Legislation and the article 7, XIII and XVI of the Constitution of the Republic of 1988. Then, it analyses the article 6, caput, of the Constitution of the Republic of 1988, which deals with the right to leisure and health; article 5, caput, of the Constitution of the Republic of 1988, which deals with principle of isonomy (equality of law) and the right to life; and, finally, article 1, III, of the Constitutional, which provides for the principle of human dignity. Reach the conclusion of the thesis with the closing arguments and the position that the hours of work it is a constitutional right which aims to protect life, health, leisure, as well as protect the dignity of employees. The hours of work of high employees also suffers constitutional limit especially against the principle of isonomy, the principle of prohibition of retrogression, the dignity of the human person, and the constitutional rights: leisure, life and health. The article 62, II, of the Labour Legislation, hurts the articles: 1º, III; 5º, caput; 6º, caput; e 7º, XIII e XVI, of the Constitution of the Republic of 1988, and therefore, is unconstitutional.

Le règne d’Henri IV est incontestablement l’un des plus importants de l’histoire de France, et les ouvrages qui ont été consacrés à ce monarque sont innombrables. De plus, la musique a également retenu un grand intérêt parmi les chercheurs, et des études précédentes ont apporté des éléments édifiants concernant plusieurs aspects de la vie musicale durant ce règne, notamment sur les compositeurs en contact avec sa cour (comme Pierre Guédron et Eustache Du Caurroy) et sur les genres les plus populaires à cette époque (les chansons, les airs de cours, et les ballets). Or, une étude historique de la musique à la cour d’Henri IV, comparable à celles qui ont été faites par Christelle Cazaux et Isabelle Handy pour les autres cours françaises du XVIe siècle, restait à faire. L’objet de cette thèse est donc de préciser la place de la musique lors de la célébration des événements politiques et l’identité des musiciens qui travaillaient à la cour d’Henri IV. Elle est présentée en trois parties principales. La première partie est consacrée à l’étude des aspects qui ont contribué au développement de la musique pendant ce règne, dont la place de cet art dans la formation aristocratique et les goûts musicaux personnels de la famille royale. La deuxième partie se concentre sur le fonctionnement des différents corps musicaux de la cour (la Chapelle, la Chambre et l’Écurie). Enfin, une dernière partie évalue le rôle tenu par la musique dans les événements de cour sous Henri IV, comme les mariages, les obsèques et les entrées royales, et elle intègre également un examen de la place de la musique dans les fêtes politiques et dans les entrées des grands personnages en France à cette époque. / The reign of Henry IV is undoubtedly one of the most important in the history of France, and countless works have been devoted to the study of this monarch. In addition, music from this period has also attracted the interest of scholars, and previous studies have shed light on several aspects of musical life during this reign, notably on the composers connected to Henry’s court (like Pierre Guédron and Eustache Du Caurroy) as well as on the most popular genres from this time (chansons, airs de cour and ballets). Nevertheless, a historical study of music at Henry IV’s court, comparable to those already completed by Christelle Cazaux and Isabelle Handy on the courts of other French monarchs during the sixteenth century, remained to be undertaken.The aim of this doctorate is thus to clarify both the place of music during the celebration of political events and the identity of musicians who worked at Henry IV’s court. It is divided into three main sections. The first focuses on aspects which contributed to the development of music during this reign, including the place of music within noble training and the personal musical inclinations of the royal family. The second concentrates on the function of the different musical groups at court (the Chapel, the Chamber and the Stables). Finally, the last section examines the role of music in court events under Henry IV, such as marriages, funeral ceremonies and royal entries, and this section also encompasses a discussion of music’s place in political events and in the entries of important dignitaries in France at this time.

Ce travail présente la première traduction française, assortie de notes et précédée d’une introduction détaillée, d’un roman à clef néo-latin intitulé Peruviana (1644), qui transpose au Pérou les intrigues politiques et sentimentales du Royaume de France au temps de Louis XIII. Son auteur, Claude-Barthélemy Morisot (12 avril 1592 - 22 octobre 1661), était un parlementaire dijonnais appartenant à un cercle de “libertins érudits” de la République des Lettres de la première moitié du XVIIème siècle, auteur d’ouvrages savants et de cet unique roman.L’étude en trois parties servant d’introduction offre d’abord une contextualisation de cette fiction romanesque et de son auteur, livrant les premières clefs nécessaires à la lecture ; puis une analyse narratologique aborde les enjeux littéraires et l’exploitation des sources, notamment antiques : la confrontation des référents et de la structuration de l’intrigue met en évidence la double portée, stéganographique et politique, de ce roman, que la fin de l’étude tentera d’élucider. Il apparaîtra alors que l’auteur, par le jeu de l’analogie et de la métaphore que permet le principe du roman à clef, a envisagé son œuvre comme une utopie où les mécanismes historiques, entrant en concordance avec ceux du Cosmos, pourraient être appréhendés et harmonisés par l’application d’un art bienveillant, prenant en compte tous les aspects et tous les états de la matière sociale afin de guider celle-ci vers un accomplissement proche de l’idéal. Cette lecture alchimique révèle que tout le roman est une métaphore de l’Œuvre, dont l’artisan serait le Poète, mettant au service de l’humanité à venir ce fruit de sa sagesse. / This dissertation is the first translation of a Neo-Latin roman à clef entitled Peruviana (1644) which transposes to Peru the political and sentimental intrigues that took place in France under Louis XIII. This edition is accompanied with notes and preceded by a detailed introduction. The author of Peruviana, Claude-Barthélemy Morisot (April 12, 1592 – October 22, 1661), was a native of Dijon and belonged to a group of libertine scholars from the Republic of Letters during the first half of the 17th century. He is the author of several scholarly works, but Peruviana is his only novel.The first part of the introduction provides contextual elements about the narrative and its author, while also giving some of the keys to read the novel. The second part consists of a narratological analysis which deals with its literary issues and the use of sources – especially classical literature ; the confrontation between the referents and the structure of the plot highlights the steganographic and political dimension of this novel, a point on which third part of this study sheds light.It then becomes clear that thanks to the use of analogy and metaphor – which are characteristic devices of romans à clefs – the author conceived his work as a utopia in which the historical mechanisms reflecting those of the Cosmos might be apprehended and harmonized through a benevolent art that would take into account all the aspects and states of the social Materia(l) in order to lead it to an (almost) ideal fulfilment. This alchemical reading reveals that the entire novel is a metaphor of the Magnum Opus, whose architect would be the Poet offering the product of his wisdom to the future of mankind.

Abstract Collagen XIII is a transmembrane protein consisting of intracellular, transmembrane and extracellular domains. The latter can be cleaved by proteases of the furin family at the plasma membrane and in the trans-Golgi network. Both the transmembrane and shed collagen XIII are expressed at the neuromuscular junctions of mice and humans. Such motor synapse passes the contraction signal from the central nervous system to the muscles and brings about all voluntary movements. Loss of both forms of collagen XIII in mice and loss-of-function mutations in the COL13A1 gene in humans leads to congenital myasthenic syndrome characterized by decreased neuromuscular transmission and muscle weakness. To study the roles of the two collagen XIII forms, a novel mouse line was engineered to harbor only the transmembrane collagen XIII by mutating the furin cleavage site. Transmembrane collagen XIII was discovered to be sufficient to prevent adhesion defects, Schwann cell invagination, the ineffective vesicle accumulation and dispersion of both acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine receptors, phenotypes seen in the complete lack of collagen XIII. On the other hand, lack of shedding led to acetylcholine receptor fragmentation, aberrantly increased neurotransmission and presynaptic complexity. Remarkably, in vivo and in vitro interaction of collagen XIII and acetylcholinesterase-anchoring ColQ was detected. Furthermore, muscle and neuromuscular junction phenotype in the lack of both forms of collagen XIII closely resembled those in the human patients harboring mutations in the COL13A1 gene and these mice were validated as a good model for studying the human disease. Misexpression of collagen XIII was studied with mice exhibiting transgenic overexpression of the protein. Overexpression of collagen XIII was detected to be mostly extrasynaptic in the muscles of such mice. Exogenous collagen XIII was found at the myotendinous junctions, tenocytes and fibroblast-like cells, in addition to some localization in the near vicinity of the neuromuscular junctions. Collagen XIII expression was found, for the most part, to be normal at the neuromuscular junctions, although some were devoid of collagen XIII. The neuromuscular junction phenotype resembled in many ways the findings made in the lack of collagen XIII. Furthermore, acetylcholine receptor and nerve pattern was discovered to be widened. / Tiivistelmä Kollageeni XIII on solukalvoproteiini, jonka rakenne koostuu solunsisäisestä, solukalvon läpäisevästä ja solun ulkoisesta osasta, joka pystytään entsymaattisesti irrottamaan solukalvoilta. Täten se esiintyy kahdessa eri muodossaan; solukalvomuotoisena ja soluvälitilan lihasperäisenä proteiinina hiirten ja ihmisten hermolihasliitoksessa. Tässä motorisessa synapsissa keskushermostosta peräisin oleva lihaksen supistumiskäsky välittyy lihakseen ja aikaan saa tahdonalaiset liikkeet. Molempien kollageeni XIII:n muotojen puute hiirillä ja COL13A1 geenin mutaatiot ihmisillä johtavat synnynnäiseen myasteeniseen oireyhtymään, jossa heikentynyt hermolihasliitoksen toiminta johtaa lihasheikkouteen. Kollageeni XIII:n eri muotojen hermolihasliitosvaikutusten selvittämiseksi luotiin hiirilinja, jossa kollageeni XIII ilmenee geneettisen manipulaation seurauksena ainoastaan solukalvomuodossaan. Tutkimukset osoittivat solukalvomuotoisen kollageeni XIII:n tarvittavan hermon ja lihaksen kiinnittymiseen toisiinsa, hermovälittäjäainerakkuloiden ankkuroimiseen hermopäätteeseen, estämään Schwannin solujen tunkeutuminen synapsirakoon, asetyylikoliiniesteraasin sitomiseen ja asetyylikoliinireseptorien vakaantumiseen. Soluvälitilan kollageeni XIII:n puutos puolestaan johti lihaksen puolen liitoksen pirstaloitumiseen sekä hermopäätteiden liialliseen kasvuun ja aktiivisuuteen. Kollageeni XIII todettiin sitoutuvan asetyylikoliiniesteraasia hermolihasliitokseen ankkuroivan kollageeni Q:n kanssa. Lisäksi molempien kollageeni XIII:n muotojen suhteen poistogeenisten hiirten hermolihas- ja lihaslöydökset todettiin muistuttavan COL13A1 geenin mutaatioista kärsivien ihmisten vastaavia löydöksiä todistaen nämä hiiret hyväksi tautimalliksi tulevaisuuden hoitomuotojen suunnitteluun. Kollageeni XIII:n ylimäärän vaikutusta hermolihasliitokseen ja lihaskudokseen tutkittiin kollageeni XIII:a ylenmäärin ilmentävillä hiirillä. Kollageeni XIII todettiin ilmentyvän ylenmäärin lihaksessa fibroblastinkaltaisissa soluissa, lihasjänneliitoksessa ja hermolihasliitoksen lähettyvillä, mutta ei hermolihasliitoksessa. Osa hermolihasliitoksista näissä hiirissä ilmensi jopa vähemmän kollageeni XIII:a kuin normaalisti. Asetyylikoliinireseptorien ja hermojen valtaama alue todettiin leventyneeksi ja hermolihasliitoslöydökset muistuttivat molempien kollageeni XIII:n muotojen suhteen poistogeenisien hiirten löydöksiä.