Orientador: Helena Zerlotti Wolf Grotto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T17:44:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vecina_JulianaFalcato_M.pdf: 2472016 bytes, checksum: 998c5db311e3937952a30ad21b925f92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Introdução: A leucocitose e a presença de hipertermia são os indicadores primários de inflamação/infecção sistêmica na maioria das espécies animais. Em cães as alterações leucocitárias podem ser evidenciadas em 72 horas, enquanto a elevação sérica das proteínas de fase aguda e a velocidade de hemossedimentação ocorrem mais precocemente sendo úteis na monitorização do processo inflamatório/infeccioso. A interleucina-6 é o principal regulador da resposta inflamatória, ocasionando o aumento da síntese hepática das proteínas de fase aguda, como a proteína C reativa e o fibrinogênio. A elevação da velocidade de hemossedimentação, por sua vez, é conseqüente ao aumento das proteínas de fase aguda. O diagnóstico da inflamação/infecção em cães é realizado por meio de técnicas manuais, carentes de precisão e padronização na maioria dos laboratórios veterinários. O objetivo desse estudo foi a investigação de parâmetros e métodos laboratoriais, que possam auxiliar no diagnóstico e monitoramento do processo inflamatório/infeccioso em cães. A avaliação e padronização de tais parâmetros poderão contribuir para o esclarecimento diagnóstico com maior precisão e em um menor intervalo de tempo e poderão ser incluídos na rotina laboratorial veterinária. Materiais e métodos: Foram estudados 117 cães adultos de diferentes raças divididos inicialmente em dois grupos: controle (n=31) e inflamatório/infeccioso (n=86). Posteriormente, os animais doentes foram subdivididos em: inflamatório (n=29) e infeccioso (n=57). O leucograma foi obtido em contador automatizado e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos realizada em esfregaços de sangue corados com May-Grünwald- Giemsa. Os valores de fibrinogênio e velocidade de hemossedimentação foram determinados por métodos automatizados, a proteína C reativa e a interleucina-6 usando kit de ELISA comercial espécie-específicos. Resultados: A velocidade de hemossedimentação automatizada foi o melhor marcador do processo inflamatório/infeccioso, seguida da proteína C reativa. Apresentaram positividade em 82,56% e 65,12% dos casos, respectivamente. Os demais marcadores foram positivos em menos de 50% dos animais. Quando os animais doentes foram subdivididos, o grupo com inflamação apresentou maior freqüência de positividade do que o grupo infeccioso. A concentração de hemoglobina e o número de plaquetas foram superiores no grupo controle, enquanto a contagem total de leucócitos, número de basófilos e presença de desvio à esquerda apresentaram valores elevados no grupo de animais doentes. Níveis superiores de velocidade de hemossedimentação, proteína C reativa e interleucina-6 foram observados no grupo com inflamação/infecção quando comparados aos controles. Quando subdivididos, no grupo de animais com processo inflamatório os níveis de fibrinogênio e proteína C reativa foram superiores aos do grupo infeccioso, enquanto os valores de velocidade de hemossedimentação e interleucina-6 foram semelhantes. Conclusões: A determinação da velocidade de hemossedimentação apresentou a melhor acurácia na detecção do processo inflamatório/infeccioso. Na análise global os níveis de interleucina-6, proteína C reativa e fibrinogênio foram superiores no grupo inflamatório/infeccioso, mas mostraram eficácia limitada na detecção individual de cães doentes. Cães com processo inflamatório mostraram uma resposta mais exacerbada tanto nas determinações sorológicas/plasmáticas como nos parâmetros hematológicos do que os cães com processo predominantemente infeccioso / Abstract: Introduction: Leukocytosis and hyperthermia are the primary indicators of inflammation infection in most animal species. White blood cell count changes are evident after 72 hours in dogs, while the increase of serum acute phase proteins levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate occur earlier. Thus they are considered as useful and precocious markers in identifying and monitoring inflammatory/infection process. Interleukin-6 is the major inflammatory response regulator and increases hepatic synthesis of acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate rises as a consequence of acute phase protein stimulus. The investigation of the presence of inflammation/infection process in dogs is performed in most veterinary laboratories by manuals technics, which show poor precision and fail in standardization of procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate new parameters and laboratory methods, which may help in the identification of the inflammatory/infection process in dogs. The evaluation and standardization of these parameters may contribute to the diagnosis with greater precision and in a shorter period of time and may be included in the routine veterinary laboratories. Materials and methods: We studied 117 adult dogs of different breeds. They were divided into two groups: normal controls (n = 31) and suspicious of inflammatory / infectious diseases (n = 86). Subsequently, animals were subdivided into animals with inflammatory (n = 29) or infection conditions (n = 57). Hematological parameters were obtained using an automated counter and differential count was performed by microscopic observation in blood smears stained with Giemsa-May-Grünwald. Fibrinogen concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were determined by automated methods and plasma Creactive protein and interleukin-6 were measured by commercial ELISA kits. Results: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was the most sensitive marker of the inflammatory/infection process, showing significant increase in 82,56% of the cases, followed by C-reactive protein measurement (65,12%). The other markers were positive in less than 50% of the animals. When the animals were subdivided according to inflammatory or infection condition the group with inflammation showed higher frequency of positivity than the infectious group. The concentration of hemoglobin and the number of platelet were higher in the control group, while white blood count, number of basophils and presence of left shift showed high values in the group of sick animals. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels were higher in the group with inflammation/infection when compared to controls. Animals with inflammatory process showed fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels higher than those with infection, while erythrocyte sedimentation rate and interleukin-6 levels were similar. Conclusions: Results of this study indicate that erythrocyte sedimentation rate showed the best accuracy in identifying inflammatory/infectious process. Interleukin-6, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels were higher in inflammatory/infectious group, but showed limited efficacy in detection of individual sick animals. Dogs with inflammatory process demonstrate a more remarkable response in both serum/plasma determinations and hematological parameters when compared with dogs presenting predominantly infectious process / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Submitted by Ubirajara Cruz (ubirajara.cruz@gmail.com) on 2018-05-22T16:51:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese_josiane_feijo.pdf: 1901281 bytes, checksum: 4995490ffaaf74c8692c66cfb785d3df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-22T16:58:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese_josiane_feijo.pdf: 1901281 bytes, checksum: 4995490ffaaf74c8692c66cfb785d3df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T16:58:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese_josiane_feijo.pdf: 1901281 bytes, checksum: 4995490ffaaf74c8692c66cfb785d3df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / O cálcio é um mineral essencial para uma variedade de processos fisiológicos do organismo da vaca leiteira, sua deficiência pode causar vários distúrbios metabólicos, que levam a redução do desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo, com consequentes perdas econômicas. Atualmente há no mercado veterinário algumas estratégias para a prevenção da hipocalcemia, como: dieta aniônica, dieta deficiente de cálcio, administração de vitamina D3 no pré-parto e tratamento com cálcio oral no pós-parto recente, mas todas essas requerem ajustes a serem melhorados. Com isso, o objetivo desta Tese, é desenvolver uma estratégia farmacêutica eficiente no pré-parto, para prevenir a hipocalcemia subclínica (HSC) no pós-parto, para tal foi realizado dois experimentos in vivo, aprovados pelo Comitê de Ética de Experimentação animal da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. O primeiro foi relacionar a queda do cálcio no periparto com a síntese de proteínas de fase aguda, observamos que vacas com concentrações de cálcio  8,5 mg/dL alteram a síntese de proteínas de fase aguda já no pré-parto, causando diminuição no escore de condição corporal, no peso e na produção de leite. O segundo experimento foi analisar o efeito da suplementação de diferentes dietas cátion-anionica no pré-parto e relacionar com a hemogasometria e concentrações de cálcio sanguíneo. Observamos que a suplementação com dieta aniônica, proporciona um aumento na concentração de cálcio ionizado disponível no plasma e redução nas globulinas, demonstrando que o pH levemente ácido provavelmente altera a síntese de glubulinas. / Calcium is an essential mineral for a variety of physiological processes in the body of the dairy cow, its deficiency can cause various metabolic disorders, leading to reduced production and reproductive performance, with consequent economic losses. There are currently in the veterinary market some strategies for the prevention of hypocalcemia, such as anionic diet, deficient in dietary calcium, vitamin D3 administration in pre-partum and treatment with oral calcium in the recent post-partum, but all of these require adjustments to be improved. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to develop an effective strategy in the pre-partum to prevent subclinical hypocalcemia (HSC) postpartum, for this was done two in vivo experiments, approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee of the University Federal of the Pelotas. The first was to correlate the drop of calcium in the peripartum with the synthesis of acute phase proteins, we observed that cows in concentrations of calcium  8.5 mg / dL alter the synthesis of acute phase proteins, causing decrease in body condition score, in weight and milk production. The second experiment was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of different cation-anion diets in prepartum and relate to the blood gas analysis and blood calcium levels. We observed that supplementation with dietary anion, provides an increase in concentration of available calcium in ionized plasma and reduction in globulins, demonstrating that pH may change glubulinas synthesis.

Submitted by Ubirajara Cruz (ubirajara.cruz@gmail.com) on 2016-09-15T12:44:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese_lorena_amaral.pdf: 1402709 bytes, checksum: dc0cdf39546ca7aa38b1d66d2153ecb3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-09-15T19:48:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese_lorena_amaral.pdf: 1402709 bytes, checksum: dc0cdf39546ca7aa38b1d66d2153ecb3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-15T19:48:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) tese_lorena_amaral.pdf: 1402709 bytes, checksum: dc0cdf39546ca7aa38b1d66d2153ecb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-02 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS / A pesquisa por marcadores precoces de inflamação tem sido o foco na medicina humana e veterinária durante as últimas décadas. Acredita-se que tanto o exercício físico quanto a obesidade sejam capazes de gerar a reação de fase aguda. O primeiro estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a reação de fase aguda e sua relação com desempenho de cavalos submetidos a uma competição de longa distância. Foram avaliados 23 equinos os quais foram divididos em dois grupos sendo o grupo 1 composto pelos 10 primeiros colocados na competição e o grupo 2 composto pelos 13 animais que concluíram a competição em colocações inferiores. Foram efetuadas coletas sanguíneas em repouso (dia 0) e no ultimo dia de competição e foram realizados o teste de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE). Os resultados demonstraram que o exercício físico imposto influenciou de forma significativa (p<0,0001) as concentrações séricas das proteínas inflamatórias. A haptoglobina foi superior nos animais com baixo desempenho. Conclui-se que o exercício prolongado é capaz de gerar reação de fase aguda e que o monitoramento da concentração de haptoglobina pode ser um sinalizador de processo inflamatório e baixo desempenho. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo associar a adiposidade corporal e a forma de criação de potros com o perfil energético sanguíneo, as concentrações sanguíneas de proteínas inflamatórias e lesões osteoarticulares no tarso comparando animais criados em regimes intensivo ou extensivo. Foram avaliados 40 potros com 18 meses de idade da raça crioula, sendo 20 animais criados em sistema extensivo e 20 animais em sistema intensivo. Foram efetuadas avaliação bioquímica e eletroforese proteica. Foram efetuadas a mensuração de acumulo de gordura através de ultrassonografia e estudo radiológico da região por tarso. Foi observado maiores níveis de colesterol total e LDL, glicemia, amiloide A sérica, transferina, haptoglobina, glicoproteina acida e proteína de 23Kda não identificada no animais do grupo intensivo com relação aos do grupo extensivo. Em 100% dos animais do grupo intensivo foram observados lesões articulares enquanto 23% dos animais do grupo extensivo apresentaram tais alterações. No teste de Fisher foi observado que os animais do grupo intensivo apresentaram 105% mais chance de desenvolver osteoartrite que os animais do grupo extensivo. Ainda, no teste de Pearson foi observada correlação positiva entre a gordura na crista do pescoço com o grau de comprometimento articular. Conclui-se que tanto o exercício quanto o sobre peso foram capazes de gerar uma reação de fase aguda, sendo que durante o exercício prolongado a haptoglobina apresentou relação com o desempenho dos animais. Já os potros em criação intensiva, além da reação de fase aguda, foi observada elevada incidência de osteoartrite juvenil e alterações no metabolismo energético / The search for early markers of inflammation has been the focus in human and veterinary medicine during the last decades. To determine the value of the measurement of proteins in the situations described, two studies were conducted. It is believed that both the physical exercise as obesity can generate an acute phase reaction. The first study aimed to characterize the acute phase reaction and its relation to performance of horses subjected to long distance competition. Was developed during the March of Resistance of Crioulo horses, consisting of a route of 750 km traveled. Were evaluated 23 horses, of wich were divided into two groups, with the first group consisting of the top 10 in the competition and the second group comprises the 13 animals that completed the competition in lower positions. Blood samples were collected at rest (day 0) and on the last day of competition and testing polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel were performed. The results showed that imposed physical exercise influenced significantly (p<0.0001) in serum concentrations of haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, immunoglobulin A, acid glycoprotein and the protein with molecular weight of 23 kDa. Haptoglobin was higher in animals with low performance. The second study aimed to associate adiposity and the shape of creation of foals with blood energy profile, blood concentrations of inflammatory proteins and osteoarticular lesions in the tarsus comparing animals raised in intensive or extensive regimes. Were evaluated 40 Crioulo foals at 18 months old, 20 animals kept in extensive systems and 20 animals in intensive system. Protein electrophoresis and biochemical evaluation were performed. Measurement of fat accumulation were made by ultrasound and radiological study of the tarsus region. Higher levels of total cholesterol and LDL, blood glucose, serum amyloid A, transferrin, haptoglobin, acid glycoprotein and unidentified protein 23Kda of animals in the intensive group compared to the extensive group was observed. The intensive group also showed greater deposit of fat in the crest of the neck, retroperitoneal area and base of the tail region. In 100% of the animals in the intensive group were observed lesions compatible with juvenile osteoarthritis while 23% of the animals in extensive group showed such changes. In Fisher's exact test was observed that the animals in the intensive group had 105% more likely to develop osteoarthritis than animals from extensive group. Still, the Pearson test positive correlation between fat on the crest of the neck with the degree of joint involvement of foals was observed. We conclude that both the exercise and the overweight were able to generate an acute phase reaction, and during prolonged exercise haptoglobin were related to animal performance. Already foals in intensive farming, besides the acute phase reaction, high incidence of juvenile osteoarthritis and changes in energy metabolism was observed.

Alpha-tocopherol, the most abundant form of vitamin E in man, is transported in the circulation by plasma lipoproteins. It plays important roles, not only in preventing lipid peroxidation, but also in modulating several cell functions such as cell signaling and gene expression. While chylomicrons transport dietary alpha-tocopherol after intestinal absorption, LDL and HDL are the major carriers of alpha-tocopherol in fasting plasma and largely contribute to its delivery to cells and tissues. Exchanges of alpha-tocopherol occur between plasma lipoproteins. In addition, alpha-tocopherol transfers have also been observed, in both directions, between plasma lipoproteins and artificial chylomicrons such as intravenous lipid emulsion particles used in parenteral nutrition. In acute conditions, intravenous supply of vitamin E via lipid emulsions, which bypasses the intestinal tract, may offer some advantages over oral administration to rapidly increase alpha-tocopherol plasma concentration. However, many questions remain unanswered regarding kinetics and factors facilitating vitamin E exchanges between lipid emulsions and plasma lipoproteins. The first part of this work aimed at characterizing alpha-tocopherol transfers between alpha-tocopherol rich emulsion particles and plasma lipoproteins as well as the potential for plasma proteins to modulate such transfers. An in vitro model of incubation was used in which emulsion triglyceride concentration was relatively low and lipoprotein levels comparable to those commonly found in the circulation. Results indicate a high capacity for LDL and HDL to acquire extra-amounts of alpha-tocopherol by rapid mass transfers from alpha-tocopherol-rich emulsion particles. Data further shows that, at a fixed alpha-tocopherol concentration provided by emulsion particles, the limiting factor for alpha-tocopherol enrichment is not the capacity of plasma lipoproteins to accommodate extra-amounts of alpha-tocopherol but the facilitating effect of plasma proteins on alpha-tocopherol transfer, the duration of the incubation and possibly the competition between different acceptor particles. Two lipid transfer proteins, PLTP and CETP, appear to largely mediate facilitation of alpha-tocopherol transfer; however, other plasma proteins may be involved. Data further shows that alpha-tocopherol enriched LDL and HDL can readily transfer newly acquired alpha-tocopherol to cells, without any regulation by plasma proteins.<p>Short-term prophylactic vitamin E supplementation has been suggested to be beneficial in some patients in acute conditions who present reduced plasma vitamin E concentrations in association with important changes in plasma lipids and severe oxidative stress. However, it was not clear whether low plasma vitamin E concentration in critically ill patients is related to changes in the composition of plasma lipoproteins or to a decrease in the number of alpha-tocopherol carriers. In the second part of this work, two clinical studies were conducted to analyze changes of lipoprotein concentration and composition in relation to inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in selected subgroups of critically ill patients, namely patients undergoing cardiac surgery with different procedures. Important changes in LDL and HDL lipid content were observed, some of which contrast with previous observations made in critically ill septic patients. The reduced plasma level of alpha-tocopherol measured after cardiac surgery is entirely due to a reduced number of circulating LDL and HDL particles. Data suggests that such reduced number in alpha-tocopherol carriers post-surgery may impede the delivery of alpha-tocopherol to cells in conditions of increased requirements due to oxidative stress. Avoidance of extracorporeal circulation during cardiac surgery does not reduce inflammation-related changes in plasma lipids but largely prevents oxidative stress. This data on changes occurring in plasma lipoproteins may help to better define strategies against pro-inflammatory changes or oxidative stress. If further studies would confirm a clinical benefit with evidence-based rationale, alpha-tocopherol enriched lipid emulsions may be used to guarantee a sufficient alpha-tocopherol supply in acute conditions associated with fewer alpha-tocopherol transporters and increased requirements due to high risk of oxidative tissue injury.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Rangelia vitalii is the etiologic agent of rangeliosis, a hemorrhagic disease that was described in dogs from South and Southeast Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. The immunological aspects involved in this disease have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the immunological parameters in rangeliosis by the determination of serum cytokines, nitric oxide, electrophoretic profile, acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins of dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii. Twelve dogs were divided into two groups: Group A (control) composed by uninfected animals (n=5) and Group B consisting of animals inoculated with R. vitalii (n=7). After inoculation, animals were monitored by blood smear. Blood samples were collected through the jugular vein on days 0, 10 and 20 post-inoculation (PI) to determine the serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), oxidation products of nitric oxide (NOx), electrophoretic profile, acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein) and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE). The parasite was found within erythrocytes, neutrophils and monocytes on day 5 PI in infected group. This study showed an increase (P<0.01) of cytokines levels in the infected group when compared to control group. Serum levels of NOx increased on days 10 (P<0.01) and 20 PI (P<0.05) in infected animals. Total protein decrease on days 10 (P<0.01) and 20 (P<0.05) PI. There was a reduction (P<0.01) in albumin in infected group when compared with control group. Alpha-1 globulin and gamma globulin fractions increased (P<0.01) on day 20 PI in infected animals. Alpha-2 globulin (days 10 and 20 PI) and beta-2 globulin (day 10 PI) were decreased (P<0.05) in infected animals when compared to control group. Beta-1 globulin fraction did not differ statistically. Serum C-reactive and alpha 1 acid glycoprotein concentrations increased (P<0.05) on days 10 and 20 PI in infected animals. IgG was increased on days 10 (P<0.05) and 20 PI (P<0.01) in infected animals. It was observed an increase (P<0.01) in the levels of IgM, IgA, and IgE in infected animals compared to control group. From these results, we can conclude that rangeliosis causes alterations in serum cytokines, nitric oxide metabolites, serum proteins and stimulates the synthesis of acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins. These alterations may be associated with the host immune protection against the piroplasms, similar to what occurs in other hemoparasite infections. / Rangelia vitalii é o agente etiológico da rangeliose, uma doença de curso hemorrágico que foi descrita em cães no Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, Uruguai e Argentina. Os aspectos imunológicos envolvidos nessa doença não foram totalmente elucidados. Nesse estudo objetivou-se investigar os parâmetros imunológicos na rangeliose, através da determinação sérica de citocinas, óxido nítrico, perfil eletroforético, proteínas de fase aguda e imunoglobulinas de cães experimentalmente infectados por Rangelia vitalii. Foram utilizados 12 cães divididos em dois grupos: Grupo A (controle) composto por animais não infectados (n=5) e Grupo B composto por animais inoculados com R. vitalii (n=7). Após inoculação, os animais foram monitorados por esfregaço sanguíneo. Foi coletado sangue da veia jugular nos dias 0, 10 e 20 pós-inoculação (PI) para a dosagem sérica das citocinas interferon gama (IFN-γ), fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α), interleucina 1 (IL-1) e interleucina 6 (IL-6), dosagem de produtos de oxidação do óxido nítrico (NOx), perfil eletroforético, dosagem de proteínas de fase aguda (proteína C-reativa e alfa 1 glicoproteína ácida) e imunoglobulinas (IgG, IgM, IgA e IgE). No grupo infectado o parasita foi encontrado no interior de eritrócitos, neutrófilos e monócitos no dia 5 PI. Esse estudo demonstrou aumento (P<0,01) dos níveis de citocinas séricas no grupo infectado em relação ao grupo controle. Os níveis séricos de NOx aumentaram nos dias 10 (P<0,01) e 20 PI (P<0,05) nos animais infectados. A proteína total reduziu nos dias 10 (P<0,01) e 20 PI (P<0,05). Ocorreu redução (P<0,01) de albumina no grupo infectado em relação ao grupo controle. As frações alfa-1 globulina e gama globulina aumentaram (P<0,01) nos animais infectados no dia 20 PI. Alfa-2 globulina (dias 10 e 20 PI) e beta-2 globulina (dia 10 PI) decresceram (P<0,05) nos animais infectados em comparação ao grupo controle. A fração beta-1 globulina não diferiu estatisticamente. As concentrações séricas de proteína C- reativa e alfa-1 glicoproteína ácida aumentaram (P<0,05) nos dias 10 e 20 PI nos animais infectados. Ocorreu aumento de IgG nos dias 10 PI (P<0,05) e 20 PI (P<0,01) no soro dos animais infectados. Foi observado aumento (P<0,01) de IgM, IgA e IgE nos animais infectados em relação ao grupo controle. A partir dos resultados pode-se concluir que a rangeliose causa alteração na concentração de citocinas séricas, nos metabólitos do óxido nítrico, nas proteínas séricas e estimula a síntese de proteínas de fase aguda e imunoglobulinas. Estas alterações podem ser associadas à resposta imune do hospedeiro contra o piroplasma.

Les travailleurs qui œuvrent en protection de la jeunesse sont régulièrement exposés à des événements traumatiques (ÉT) au travail. De ces événements découlent de nombreuses conséquences individuelles (hypervigilance, dépression, trouble de stress post-traumatique, etc.) et organisationnelles (absentéisme, arrêts de travail, démissions, etc.), celles-ci pouvant perdurer dans le temps, voire s’amplifier, sans intervention adéquate. Les meilleures pratiques à favoriser dans la phase aiguë (0-30 jours) suivant un ÉT demeurent nébuleuses et ne nous permettent actuellement pas d’offrir un soutien optimal aux travailleurs qui expérimentent des réactions post-traumatiques plus ou moins sévères dans les jours/semaines suivant l’ÉT. Or, le soutien social est reconnu pour être un facteur déterminant dans le rétablissement des individus exposés à un ÉT, le soutien des collègues étant particulièrement important en contexte de travail. Toutefois, nous ignorons comment le soutien des collègues se manifeste après un ÉT et comment celui-ci est perçu par les travailleurs victimes. Objectif. Explorer les différentes actions de soutien posées par les collègues en protection de la jeunesse et les distinguer selon qu’elles étaient perçues comme du soutien positif ou négatif par les travailleurs victimes d’ÉT. Méthode. Une méthode qualitative de type exploratoire a permis de procéder à une analyse thématique (inter-cas) et à des études de cas typiques (intra-cas). Des entrevues semi-structurées de 30 travailleurs victimes d’ÉT au cours des 30 derniers jours ont été analysées. Résultats. Les actions de soutien rapportées par les participants pouvaient être assimilées aux catégories de House (1981) - soutien émotionnel, instrumental, informationnel et d’évaluation. Le type de soutien le plus fréquemment rapporté était le soutien émotionnel et la majorité des participants ont rapporté avoir reçu du soutien positif de la part de leurs collègues. Les différentes actions positives et négatives sont détaillées. Conclusion. Le soutien positif concorde avec les principes essentiels d’intervention post-traumatique tandis que le soutien négatif renvoie principalement à un manque de ressources organisationnelles et à une culture de normalisation de la violence. / Child protection workers are regularly exposed to traumatic events at work. From these events arise numerous individual consequences (hypervigilance, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, etc.) and organizational consequences (absenteeism, sick leave, turnover, etc.), which can last over time or even amplify without adequate intervention. The best practices to promote in the acute phase (0-30 days) following a traumatic event remain unclear and do not currently allow us to offer optimal support to workers who experience more or less severe post-traumatic reactions in the days/weeks following a trauma. Social support is recognized to be a determining factor in the recovery of individuals exposed to traumatic events, support from colleagues being particularly important for events occurring in the workplace. However, we do not know how the support of colleagues manifests itself after a traumatic event neither how it is perceived by exposed employees. Objective. Explore the support offered by colleagues after trauma and distinguish support actions according to whether they were perceived as positive or negative by employees. Method. An exploratory qualitative method was used to conduct a thematic analysis (inter-case) and typical case studies (intra-case). Semi-structured interviews of 30 employees exposed to a traumatic event in the past 0-30 days were analyzed. Results. Support actions reported by participants could fit the typology of House (1981), namely emotional, instrumental, informational and evaluation support. The most frequently reported type of support was emotional support, and the majority of participants reported receiving positive support from colleagues. Positive and negative actions are detailed. Conclusion. Positive support offered by colleagues is consistent with the essential principles of early post-traumatic intervention, while negative support refers mainly to a lack of organizational resources and a culture where violence is trivialized. The study suggests that organizations should invest in an approach based on emotional support rather than trivialization.

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Title: Comparison of educational and compensation exercise programmes for ankylosing spondylitis patients Objective: The objective of the research was to determine the effect of two educational and compensation exercise programmes on the mobility of the axial system, the functional status and disease activity (including inflammatory process activity) in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis. Methods: The research group included men and women (average age of 35.42 ± 7.15 years), all out-patients of the Institute of Rheumatology in Prague. This characteristic sample (n ═ 38) consisted of respondents who were randomised into three groups: The first experimental group (n ═ 13) attended an educational and compensation exercise programme in a group setting in a gym (twice a week) and an educational and compensation exercise programme in the form of a group exercise in a pool - hydrokinesiotherapy (once a week); the second experimental group (n ═ 13) attended the same educational and compensation exercise programme in a group setting in a gym (twice a week); the control group educational and compensation exercise programme in a group setting in a gym (twice a week) received no exercise intervention but its members were allowed to use "passive" physiotherapeutic procedures (e.g. hydrotherapy or...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs commonly in the U.S. population and is seen in both obese as well as non-obese individuals. OSA is a disease characterized by periodic upper airway collapse during sleep, which then results in either apnea, hypopnea, or both. The disorder leads to a variety of medical complications. Neuropsychiatric complications include daytime somnolence, cognitive dysfunction, and depression. Increased incidence of motor vehicle accidents has been documented in these patients and probably reflects disordered reflex mechanisms or excessive somnolence. More importantly, vascular disorders such as hypertension, stroke, congestive cardiac failure, arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis occur frequently in these patients. The lungs may be affected by pulmonary hypertension and worsening of asthma. Recent data from several laboratories demonstrate that obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by an inflammatory response. Cytokines are elaborated during the hypoxemic episodes leading to inflammatory responses as marked clinically by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). As elevated CRP levels are considered markers of the acute phase response and characterize progression of vascular injury in coronary artery disease, it is likely that obstructive sleep apnea could lead to worsening of vasculopathy. Moreover, as inflammatory mechanisms regulate bronchial asthma, it is also likely that cytokines and superoxide radicals generated during hypoxemic episodes could exacerbate reactive airway disease. Patients with Cough, Obstructive sleep apnea, Rhinosinusitis, and Esophageal reflux clustered together can be categorized by the acronym, "CORE", syndrome. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the inflammatory responses that occur in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and relate them to the occurrence of cardiopulmonary disease.

No description available.