Fastighetsmäklaren ska i varje förmedlingsprocess hantera en stor mängd information. En del av informationen regleras av fastighetsmäklarens kontrollplikt, som är reglerad i 3 kap 15 § FML. Den information som faller utanför kontrollplikten omfattas av den allmänna omsorgsplikten. Sådan information kommer inte sällan från säljaren, en bostadsrättsförening eller av en annan part. Av diverse anledningar så stämmer inte alltid informationen fastighetsmäklaren mottar. I äldre praxis och förarbeten till fastighetsmäklarlagen så finns en aktsamhetsnivå i den allmänna omsorgsplikten som bygger på en culpabedömning, där vikt läggs vid om fastighetsmäklaren hade en ursäkt för att inte kontrollera riktigheten i förväg eller hade skäl att misstänka att något inte stämde. Det finns således en öppning för subjektiva element i FML. Denna culpabedömning härstammar från sedvanlig skadeståndsrättslig princip. Men tröskeln för vad som inte anses vara culpöst är inte enkel att utröna. På senare tid har FMI:s disciplinnämnd börjat tillämpa marknadsföringslagen mer direkt på fastighetsmäklarens marknadsföringsmaterial, som bygger på information från bland annat säljaren. Marknadsföringslagen har inte samma öppenhet för subjektiva element som i fastighetsmäklarlagen, vilket leder till en strängare aktsamhetsbedömning vid disciplinärenden. Således föreligger det en konfliktyta kring aktsamhetsnivån för fastighetsmäklarens hantering av information och dess användning vid marknadsföring. Det finns ingen tydlig gräns för var aktsamhetsnivån går. En bedömning behöver göras med hänsyn till konsumentskyddet i författningarna kontra hur långtgående ansvaret ska vara för en fastighetsmäklare, för att nå konsensus och uppnå en förutsägbar rättssäkerhet.   Enligt vår mening är det oskäligt att applicera ett strikt ansvar på fastighetsmäklaren utifrån MFL. Men desto viktigare frågan är för någon av parterna desto högre grad av aktsamhet bör fastighetsmäklaren tillämpa med tanke på fastighetsmäklarens självständiga ansvar både i FML och MFL. Aktsamhetsnivån i praxis anpassas efter hur pass klandervärt fastighetsmäklarens beteende är men enligt oss bör även mer hänsyn tas till hur viktig en viss fråga är för parterna och framför allt hur påtaglig konsekvensen blir för den part som blir drabbad av fastighetsmäklarens oaktsamhet. / The real estate agent must handle a large amount of information in each brokerage process. Some of the information is regulated by the real estate agent's duty to verify, which is regulated in chapter 3, section 15 in the Estate Agents Act. The information that falls outside the duty of control is covered by the general duty of care. Such information often comes from the seller, a tenant-ownership association, or another party. For various reasons, the information the real estate agent receives is not always correct. In older case law and preparatory works for the Estate Agents Act, there is a level of care in the general duty of care based on a negligence assessment, where the deciding factor is if the real estate agent had an excuse for not checking the accuracy in advance or had reason to suspect that something was wrong. Hence there is an opening for subjective elements in the Estate Agents Act. This negligence assessment stems from the usual principle in tort law. But the threshold for what is not considered negligent is not easy to ascertain. Recently, the Real Estate Inspectorate's disciplinary committee has begun to apply the Marketing Act more directly to the real estate agent's marketing material, which is based on information from, among others, the seller. The Marketing Act does not have the same openness to subjective elements as in the Estate Agents Act, which leads to a stricter assessment of due diligence in disciplinary matters. Thus, there is a conflict area regarding the level of care for the real estate agent's handling of information and its use in marketing. There is no clear limit to where the level of care goes. An assessment needs to be made regarding consumer protection in the constitutions versus how far-reaching the responsibility should be for a real estate agent, in order to reach a consensus and achieve a predictable legal certainty. In our opinion, it is unreasonable to apply a strict liability to the real estate agent based on the Marketing Act. But the more important the issue is for one of the parties, the greater the degree of care that the real estate agent should apply in view of the broker's independent responsibility in both the Estate Agents Act and the Marketing Act. The level of caution in practice is adapted to how reprehensible the broker's behaviour is, but in our opinion more consideration should also be given to how important a certain issue is to the parties and above all how obvious the consequence will be for the part affected by the broker's negligence.

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This study aimed to investigate L2 Swedish teachers’ and students’ attitudes towards WE accents. The results suggest that Swedish language teachers have a positive attitude towards diverse English accents despite showing favoritism towards privileged varieties such as AmE and BrE. Nonetheless, there seems to be a disconnect between three factors amongst teachers: knowledge, willingness, and practical application. For students to thrive in the world after their school careers (and during for that matter), the teachers may want to consider modeling the kind of tolerance, openness, and curiosity that they would like to see by acknowledging that English is a global language and pluricentric in nature. This is something that needs to be beyond simply raising awareness. Therefore, this study suggests that teachers, especially at the upper secondary level, be open and aware of WE in the sense that they accept and understand diverse English accents despite rooted favoritism for IC English accents. The most significant finding of the current study is that it shows that diverse English accents are not only comprehensible to L2 learners (to varying degrees) they are also highly acceptable. To this end, it would be advisable that educators and those who design listening comprehension tests alike consider including more diverse English accents in instruction material so that students receive more exposure and become more familiar with outer and expanding circles English language speakers. Additionally, it would be interesting to incorporate these diverse speakers in high-stakes arenas such as national tests. For future research, it might be worthwhile to consider using larger and more diverse samples as far as age, gender, and geographic location are concerned to avoid bias. In this way, the findings here can be validated since teachers likewise students may have different attitudes in other parts of Sweden, and the speakers do not represent their entire speech communities. Lastly, scripted tasks were used in this study, and therefore using everyday conversational utterances might be of interest to mirror more realistic experiences that English language learners may encounter. / <p>Slutgiltigt godkännandedatum: 2022-01-31</p>

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Background: Palliative care in the end of life affects not only the patient but the relatives as well. The nurse is trying to meet the demands of how the patients and relatives see a dignified death. Aim: To create an overview of the nurses’ experiences working in palliative care near the end of life.Method: A general literature study was used by eight qualitative articles and two quantitative articles were analyzed.Result: The cooperation between the nurse and other care professions proved to be important in achieving good palliative care for the patient. New nurses felt frustrated at not having enough training in palliative care. Hence, they received help from nurses with broader professional experience in handling the patients’ emotional feelings and could therefor redeem their existential issues. The nurse could then create a relationship with the patients and relatives by continuously caring for the patients and meeting their needs.Conclusion: The quality of care in palliative care is directly linked to the nurses' professional experience. A good cooperation around the patient also contributes to safe and secure care.Key word: end of life care, general literature study, cooperation, nurses

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Like many other social issues concerning gender, language also comes with gendered stereotypes and limitations which results in difference and inequality in speech, based on gender. According to folk-linguistic beliefs and a variety of linguists, women are believed to speak in a specific way in which using swear words is not considered ideal. In this context, folk-linguistic beliefs are general speculations concerning language which is grounded on personal opinions and misconceptions. One common misconception remains that women swear less as foul language is considered as an emotion of anger, associated with masculinity rather than femininity. This research was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively using discourse analysis. Male and female characters from the series True Bloodon HBO were examined by analyzing the difference in frequency of swear words uttered by both genders. This study aims to determine if men swear more than women in the series and whether the theory of dominance can provide an explanation for the linguistic behavior of the male and female characters of the series. The quantitative data collected from the series was later discussed alongside some of the theories, in particular, the theory of dominance. The results suggest that the female character Tara in the series swears the most and the results fall in disagreement with folk-linguistic beliefs and Lakoffs (1973) claims stating that women use fewer expletives than men. Also, the linguistic behavior of the characters in the series does not confirm the theory of dominance no specific linguistic attributes concerning gender are spotted as there is no evidence of men appearing different in terms of power, dominance, or defiance in terms of language in the series.

I denna kandidatuppsats undersöker jag företeelser i svenska moderna (2000-talet och framåt) pop/rock- låttexter. Jag försöker ta reda på vad som kännetecknar de bästa texterna kontra ”mindre bra” sådana. Detta gör jag genom korpusanalys med avseende på allmän statistik, läsbarhet, ordklass- och ordfrekvenser. Jag tittar särskilt på de tolv svenska pop/rockalbum som vunnit Grammis för ’Årets textförfattare’ samt artisten Håkan Hellströms hela låtkatalog eftersom han vunnit priset flest gånger. Som referenser har jag tolv framgångsrika album av artister som aldrig vunnit nämnt pris, samt artisten Per Gessles (som är oerhört framgångsrik utan att ha vunnit priset) hela låtkatalog under nämnd tid. Jag förväntade mig att finna lingvistiska aspekter som skiljer vinnande - och Hellströms texter från referenskorpusarna. Optimalt hade varit att finna en slags formel för bra/ vinnande text. Vad jag fann var att det finns lingvistiska element som är fördelaktiga vid författande av låttexter, aspekter som ofta, men inte alltid, är gemensamma för bra/vinnande texter. Däremot fann jag ingen optimal formel för hur en text bör skrivas.

A common assumption about youth languages is that they are an expression of youth culture, and even if youth culture as a concept is difficult to define, it is often regarded that youths actively distance themselves from both childhood and adulthood. Language can thereby be discerned as a tool to accomplish this. But if youth languages is a tool for youths to distance themselves from adults, is it not then contraproductive for adults to write handbooks and dictionaries to help the understanding of these youth languages? It is in that paradoxal thought this study finds its’ premise. The handbooks and dictionaries can be viewed in two different ways. They can, on one hand, act for an increased understanding of youth languages, and on the other hand they can help adults learn how to actually speak them. The purpose of this study is to try and clarify in what context youths experience others use and understanding of youth languages as acceptable or problematic. Do youths experience that different groups of individuals have different rights to use or understand youth language? Do youths experience the use of youth languages in different contexts as more or less acceptable? The results show that the further away from youth, and the higher up in the social hierarchy the individuals are, the less acceptable it is for them, according to the youths, to use youth languages. Although the understanding of youth languages is generally accepted, except for children. These results are also reflected in the contexts youths accept and don’t accept the use of youth languages. Youth languages does, according to the youths, not belong in environments characterized by professionalism or politics, nor does it belong in media directed towards children.