Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-07T11:45:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Thamy Pereira dos Santos.pdf: 7278124 bytes, checksum: 0c7bfb473e609d8d86d0ad9ab925114e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-07T11:45:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Thamy Pereira dos Santos.pdf: 7278124 bytes, checksum: 0c7bfb473e609d8d86d0ad9ab925114e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-10 / This work defines practical activities from daily life of young farmers and their families in the context of Mathematical teaching within the Alternation Pedagogy. The study was realized at the public school CEFFA Rei Alberto I in the Nova Friburgo city (RJ/Brazil). Those practical activities were developed with individuals of years six and eight of Brazilian Basic Education. The teacher and researcher believes to be crucial the connection among the Mathematics curricular contents, described into the Formation Plan, with culture and prior knowledge of students. It was applied a qualitative approach with research and active participation inside the youngers reality to reanalyze the class design, contextualize themes, value the local identity and deepen mathematical knowledge throughout interaction of all these elements. It was intended rise the motivation created during the classes by discussions of daily problems or a predetermined theme to assess the learning process. The research highlights the importance of the knowledge on local community reality and its behavior. Thus the mathematical context can be discussed in the classroom, and its topics and theoretical insights can be built in cooperation between school and community / jovens e de seus familiares inseridos no Campo, no contexto do Ensino da Matem?tica, no cen?rio da Pedagogia da Altern?ncia, no Col?gio Municipal CEFFA Rei Alberto I, localizado em Nova Friburgo, RJ. Para alcan?ar esta finalidade, estas pr?ticas pedag?gicas foram desenvolvidas com os sujeitos de duas turmas, sendo uma delas do 6? ano e outra do 8? ano do Ensino Fundamental desta mesma unidade de ensino. A pesquisadora e professora/monitora do CEFFA em quest?o acredita ser relevante a interlocu??o entre os conte?dos curriculares da Matem?tica, os Temas Geradores predispostos no Plano de Forma??o, com a cultura e os conhecimentos pr?vios dos educandos. Utiliza-se uma abordagem qualitativa com pesquisa e observa??o participante na realidade desses jovens, a fim de compor outros olhares para planejar as aulas, contextualizar temas, valorizar a identidade local e aprofundar conceitos matem?ticos atrav?s da intera??o de todos esses elementos. Pretende-se trazer ao di?logo a motiva??o produzida durante as aulas das turmas citadas, a partir de problem?ticas da realidade ou de um determinado Tema previamente estabelecido, vislumbrando, com isso, poder avaliar a din?mica do processo de aprendizagem. A pesquisa mostrou que ? necess?rio conhecer as din?micas da realidade local, para que o contexto matem?tico presente nele possa ser vislumbrado e dialogado em sala de aula, e suas costuras tem?ticas e aprofundamentos te?ricos possam ser constru?dos junto ? comunidade escolar

Esta dissertação é resultado de uma pesquisa que investigou o comportamento linguístico de crianças falantes nativas de português brasileiro com relação a sentenças absolutas, que consistem em uma alternância na valência de verbos transitivos encontrada especificamente no PB, tal como Eu aperto esse botão [do videogame] e, olha lá, a bola chutou. Segundo Negrão & Viotti (2010), nas absolutas o argumento que representaria a energia responsável pela causa do evento não está presente e nem chega a ser conceitualizado. Não há, portanto, a presença de uma força indutora (Negrão & Viotti, 2010). Desenvolvemos dois experimentos: um de tarefa de produção eliciada e outro de julgamento de aceitabilidade. Nossas previsões são: (a) as absolutas serão mais produzidas com a ausência da força indutora, que seria o argumento agente; (b) alguns verbos proporcionarão mais a produção de absolutas que outros, por estarem mais propensos à supressão da força indutora; e (c) crianças produzirão mais absolutas do que passivas visto que as absolutas são menos complexas estruturalmente. As condições testadas foram: presença/ausência de um agente e tipo de verbo (mais ou menos propenso à supressão do agente). Os resultados sugerem que ambas as condições influenciaram nas respostas dos participantes, de modo que os contextos sem agente e os contextos com verbos mais propensos à supressão do agente se mostraram mais propícios às sentenças absolutas. Por fim, as crianças mais novas testadas produziram mais absolutas do que passivas, o que indica que a absoluta, por ser menos complexa, é uma estrutura mais acessível às crianças. / This dissertation is the result of a research that has investigated the linguistic behavior of Brazilian Portuguese speaking children in relation to absolutive sentences, which consist of a verb valency alternation found specifically in BP, such as Eu aperto esse botão [do videogame] e, olha lá, a bola chutou (I press this button [in the videogame] and, look, the ball kicked [in the sense that the ball was kicked]). According to Negrão & Viotti (2010), in the absolutive constructions, the argument that would represent the energy responsible for the cause of the event is not present. Actually, it is not even conceptualized. Therefore, there is no driving force (Negrão & Viotti, 2010). We developed two experiments: an elicited production task and an acceptability judgment task. Our predictions are: (a) the absolutive sentences will be produced more often in contexts without a driving force, which would be, in this case, the agent; (b) more absolutive sentences will be produced with some verbs than others, because they are more likely to suppress the driving force; and (c) children will produce more absolutive constructions than passives since the absolutive construction is structurally simpler. The tested conditions were: presence/absence of an agent and verb type (more or less likely to suppress the agent). The results suggest that both conditions influenced participants answers, so that the contexts without an agent and the contexts with verbs more likely to suppress the agent were more supportive environments for the absolutive constructions. Finally, the younger children we tested produced more absolutive constructions than passives, which indicates that, as a less complex structure, the absolutive is more accessible to children.

This empirical study deals with the issues of language choice and code alternation as a common practice in the organization of the complex check in activity with multiple participants in hospitality properties in Sweden. In particular, it discusses several interactional tasks that code alternation may accomplish in that setting and represents a crossroad of general linguistics, bilingualism studies and conversation analysis. In the light of arising interest of specialists of different areas of linguistics in bilingualism in formal settings, it deals with institutional bilingualism in Sweden, an EU country with a comparatively high level of bilingualism among residents. In the era of the new economy with its globalization and human mobility, bilingualism has become an emergent practice in many tourism settings, the hospitality sector of tourism among them. In hospitality as a tourism setting with a potentially high concentration of foreign tourists, it is inevitable that certain groups of hotel guests include members who expose different language abilities and preferences. As a result, in the interaction with one single group of guests two or even more languages can be used at the same time, as oriented to the needs and preferences of each and every guest. This investigation aims at discussing some possible accomplishments of language choice and code alternation in a standardized hotel check in activity where a single group of guests has to be addressed in two languages, Swedish and English, and where the language choices are crucial for participation and the accomplishment of the check in activity in general.

In the theoretical part of the thesis, we will describe word-formation in Czech from the traditional point of view. Then we will dwell on automation of word formation based on derivational rules, which we will generate from a~given dictionary. The quality of new-found words will be evaluated using four different estimations. Finally, we will review achieved results.

The thesis aims at explicit description of Old Czech common nouns declension with regard to its application in a tool for automatic morphological analysis of (digitized) texts in Old Czech. This means that this description is intended to serve as a basis for automatic generation of word forms (jointly with their appropriate morphological information and lemma) which will then be used for assigning morphological categories (gender, number, case) and lemma to word forms occurring in Old Czech digitized texts. The thesis thus develops a base for the first step in transformation of text banks (which currently exist for the Old Czech period) into an Old Czech corpus offering more possibilities for linguistic research. The Old Czech period is defined as a period from the beginning of the 14th century (more precisely from the period when first coherent texts written in Czech appeared) approx. to the end of the 15th century. Nouns were chosen for this work, because they cover approx. 30% of texts in current Czech (which is the highest percentage from all parts of speech). Old Czech texts are taken into account only in a transcribed form (based on transcription rules used in the Old Czech Text Bank developed at the Institute of the Czech Language of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic). On the one...

The subject of the present study is an analysis of five ditransitive verbs: give, lend, send, offer and show. The study focuses on the position of the two objects and on the factors that have an impact on the object ordering. An attempt is here made to provide a systematic overview of the position of the two objects with respect to their realization (i.e. substantival or pronominal). As regards the realization of the two objects, four types are distinguished: i. both Oi /Oprep and Od realized by nouns; ii. both Oi /Oprep and Od realized by pronouns; iii. Oi /Oprep realized by a noun and Od by a pronoun; iv. Oi /Oprep realized by a pronoun and Od by a noun. The position of the objects is assumed to be associated with the distribution of communicative dynamism or in other words with the principle of end-focus, i.e. that given information tends to precede new information. The second principle that operates in the ordering the two objects is the principle of end-weight. Of the three (or four, including intonation) factors whose interplay determines the FSP function of a clause element, in the case of ditransitive complementation the most important role is played by the contextual factor. Therefore, particular attention is paid to the context-dependence / independence of the two objects. The present...

Konversionen zum Islam erregen Neugier, Faszination, und auch Angst – gerade seit den Terroranschlägen des 11. Septembers 2001 und den darauffolgenden islamistischen Anschlägen auch in Europa. Das Phänomen wirft besonders in diesem Kontext Fragen zu Motivation zur Konversion, dem Bezug der Konvertiten zu ihrem zum Herkunftskontext und zur sozialwissenschaftlichen und sicherheitspolitischen Bewertung des Phänomens auf. Um Antworten auf diese Fragen näher zu kommen, hat die Autorin zwischen 2009 und 2011 insgesamt 27 Konvertiten zum Islam in Deutschland, England und Frankreich interviewt und ihre Einstellungen, Identitätsausdeutungen und Relevanzen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse ihrer Auswertung setzt sie mit einer Betrachtung des Phänomens des jugendkulturellen Salafismus in Bezug und entwickelt auf dieser Basis zwei grundlegend unterschiedliche Kategorien des Wechsels zum Islam: Die „Konversion zum reflexiven Islam“ und die „Alternation zu einer jugendkulturellen Ausprägung des Salafismus“. / Conversions to Islam evoke curiosity, fascination, and also fear – especially since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and Islamist terrorist attacks that followed also in Europe. The phenomenon raises questions regarding the motifs for conversion, the relation of converts to their society of origin, and the sociological assessment as well as security policy aspects of the phenomenon. In order to come closer to answers to these questions, the author interviewed 27 converts to Islam in Germany, England and France, and analysed their attitudes, identity reconstruction and relevances. She compared the results with a reflection on the phenomenon of a youth-cultural phenomenon of Salafism and developed two fundamentally different categories of people choosing Islam as their religion: “conversion to reflexive Islam” and “alternation to a youth-cultural interpretation of Salafism”.

Video is a sequence of 2D images of the 3D world generated by a camera. As the camera moves relative to the real scene and elements of that scene themselves move, correlated frame-to-frame changes in the video images are induced. Humans easily identify such changes as scene motion and can readily assess attempts to quantify it. For a machine, the identification of the 2D frame-to-frame motion is difficult. This problem is addressed by the computer vision process of tracking. Tracking underpins the solution to the problem of augmenting general video sequences with artificial imagery, a staple task in the visual effects industry. The problem is difficult because tracking in general video sequences is complicated by the presence of non-rigid motion, repeated texture and arbitrary occlusions. Existing methods provide solutions that rely on imposing limitations on the scenes that can be processed or that rely on human artistry and hard work. I introduce new paradigms, frameworks and algorithms for overcoming the challenges of processing general video and thus provide solutions that fill the gap between the `automated' and `manual' approaches. The work is easily sectioned into three parts, which can be considered separately or taken together for dealing with video without limitations. The initial focus is on directly addressing practical issues of human interaction in the tracking process: a new solution is developed by explicitly incorporating the user into an interactive algorithm. It is a novel tracking system based on fast full-frame patch searching and high-speed optimal track determination. This approach makes only minimal assumptions about motion and appearance, making it suitable for the widest variety of input video. I detail an implementation of the new system using k-d trees and dynamic programming. The second distinct contribution is an important extension to tracking algorithms in general. It can be noted that existing tracking algorithms occupy a spectrum in their use of global motion information. Local methods are easily confused by occlusions, repeated texture and image noise. Global motion models offer strong predictions to see through these difficulties and have been used in restricted circumstances, but are defeated by scenes containing independently moving objects or modest levels of non-rigid motion. I present a well principled way of combining local and global models to improve tracking, especially in these highly problematic cases. By viewing rank-constrained tracking as a probabilistic model of 2D tracks instead of 3D motion, I show how one can obtain a robust motion prior that can be easily incorporated in any existing tracking algorithm. The development of the global motion prior is based on rank-constrained factorization of measurement matrices. A common difficulty comes from the frequent occurrence of occlusions in video, which means that the relevant matrices are often not complete due to missing data. This defeats standard factorization algorithms. To fully explain and understand the algorithmic complexities of factorization in this practical context, I present a common notation for the direct comparison of existing algorithms and propose a new family of hybrid approaches that combine the superb initial performance of alternation methods with the convergence power of the Newton algorithm. Together, these investigations provide a wide-ranging, yet coherent exploration of tracking non-rigid objects in video.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wagner Silva.pdf: 4140479 bytes, checksum: 5265133d3a61ae38ebac039e32962abd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-06 / This dissertation proposes an analysis about the influence of the training practices of the Rural Family House of São Mateus do Sul/PR, correlating them to the praxis of socio-spatial development, on the basis of autonomy, quality of life and social justice. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to find elements that prove or refute such influences. In the conceptual field, the dissertation makes use of the concepts of socio-spatial development and the pedagogy of alternation and, methodologically, the research adopts an open character of regionalization, due to the origin of the social actors (young of Rural Family House). The discussion is built through a sample from a graduating class in the year 2015. The referred group was chosen considering one year time enough to verify the practical application of the knowledge acquired in the institution. For this purpose, it was conducted semi-structured interviews, field observations, image analysis and the Youth’s Professional and Life Project, that started from the principle of investigation and correlation between theory and practice. The analysis is justified because it is not find others that relate alternation and this argument in relation to development. Thus, it is discussed advances, limitations and disruptions that permeate the process of whole formation of Rural Family House students based on the key concept of socio-spatial development, focusing on the referred region. / A presente dissertação propõe uma análise acerca da influência das práticas de formação da Casa Familiar Rural de São Mateus do Sul/PR, correlacionando-as à práxis do desenvolvimento sócio-espacial, com base, sobretudo na autonomia, na qualidade de vida e na justiça social. Assim sendo, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa consiste em buscar elementos que comprovem ou refutem tais influências. No campo conceitual, a dissertação faz uso dos conceitos de desenvolvimento sócio-espacial e da pedagogia da alternância e, em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa adota uma regionalização de caráter aberto, segundo a origem dos atores sociais (jovens da CFR). A discussão se constrói por meio de uma amostra recortada a partir da turma de egressos concluintes no ano de 2015. Elegeu a referida turma por considerar que um ano é um tempo hábil para verificação da aplicação prática dos conhecimentos adquiridos na instituição. Para tanto, foram aplicadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observações em campo, análise de imagens e do Projeto Profissional de Vida do Jovem (PPVJ), que partiram do princípio de investigação e correlação entre a teoria e a prática. Justifica-se tal análise por não encontrar outras que entrecruzam alternância e essa linha de raciocínio em relação ao desenvolvimento. Assim sendo, discutem-se os avanços, as limitações e os descompassos que permeiam o processo de formação integral dos estudantes da CFR a partir do conceito-chave do desenvolvimento sócio-espacial, com foco na região de abrangência.

Alors que le principe d’une alternance entre les différentes temporalités de la formation professionnelle initiale des enseignants est relevé comme une nécessité, de nombreux travaux soulignent une « cassure » entre les expériences vécues par les enseignants novices (EN) en centre universitaire et les expériences professionnelles vécues dans l’établissement scolaire (Chaliès, Cartaut, Escalié et Durand, 2009). Pour y répondre, deux orientations en matière d’aménagements des dispositifs de formation par alternance sont proposées. La première consiste à « déplacer le centre de gravité » (Zeichner, 2006) de la formation vers l’établissement scolaire. La seconde consiste, à l’inverse, à déplacer le centre de gravité de la formation vers le centre universitaire et proposer aux EN des dispositifs qui placent la professionnalisation au centre des apports. Paradoxalement, la pratique des activités physiques, sportives et artistiques (APSA) dans la formation professionnelle initiale des enseignants d’éducation physique et sportive (EPS) n’est jamais interrogée dans le cadre de cette deuxième orientation. Rares sont en effet les travaux ayant étudié comment aménager les enseignements théorico-pratiques relatifs aux APSA afin qu’ils contribuent effectivement à la professionnalisation des EN. Cette étude a été réalisée à partir d’un dispositif usuel de formation des EN d’EPS. En prenant appui sur un programme de recherche mené en anthropologie culturaliste (Chaliès et Bertone, 2017), un premier dispositif transformatif a été mis en œuvre afin de permettre aux EN d’EPS d’exploiter leurs expériences de pratique d’APSA lors de leur enseignement de cette APSA à des étudiants-élèves. A partir des résultats obtenus, une seconde transformation a été menée. Elle était pensée pour permettre aux EN d’EPS d’exploiter des expériences liées à l’enseignement dans lesquelles étaient intégrées leurs expériences de pratique d’APSA pour être en capacité d’enseigner cette APSA à des élèves. Cette double transformation devait permettre d’ (in)valider deux hypothèses auxiliaires relatives à la formation à l’enseignement des EN d’EPS à partir d’expériences de pratiquant dans les APSA. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les transformations engagées ont permis aux EN de s’engager dans une activité d’enseignement chargée d’expériences normatives situées (ENS) suivies en tant que pratiquant. Plus précisément, ils montrent la nécessité pour les EN d’apprendre des ENS constitutives de l’enseignement et d’être accompagnés par un formateur dans le processus de « susbtrafication » d’ENS suivies en tant que pratiquant au sein d’ENS suivies en tant qu’enseignant. Finalement, une proposition de conception d’un dispositif de formation professionnelle des EN d’EPS est réalisée. / While the principle of an alternation between the different temporalities of initial teacher training is noted as a necessity, many studies point to a "break" between the experiences experienced by novice teachers (NT) in the university center and the experiments the school (Chaliès, Cartaut, Escalié and Durand, 2009). In order to answer this question, two guidelines for the development of alternance training schemes are proposed. The first is to "shift the center of gravity" (Zeichner, 2006) from the training to the school. The second is to move the center of gravity of the training towards the university center and propose to the NT devices that place professionalization at the center of the contributions. Paradoxically, the practice of physical, sports and artistic activities (PSAA) in the initial professional training of physical education and sports (PES) teachers is never questioned in this second orientation. Few studies have studied how to organize the theoretical-practical lessons of PSAA so that they effectively contribute to the professionalization of NT.This study was carried out on the basis of a usual training system for PES NT. Based on a research program carried out in cultural anthropology (Chaliès and Bertone, 2017), a first transformative device was implemented in order to enable the PES NT to exploit their experiences of PSAA practice during their teaching of this PSAA to students of university. From the results obtained, a second transformation was carried out. It was designed to enable PES NT to use teaching-related experiences in which their PSAA practice experiences were integrated to be able to teach PSAA to students. This twofold transformation was intended to (in)validate two auxiliary hypotheses related to the teaching of PES NT from practitioner experiences in PSAA.The results obtained show that the transformations initiated enabled the NT to engage in a teaching activity in charge of normative experiments located (NEL) followed as a practitioner. More specifically, they demonstrate the need for NT to learn NEL about teaching and to be accompanied by a trainer in the NEL "susbtrafication" process followed as practitioners in NEL followed by as a teacher. Finally, a proposal for the design of a vocational training system for PES NT is carried out.