Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-05-07T13:38:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eneida Monteiro.pdf: 1058530 bytes, checksum: 99163b280dcbfed23373cbde8ec74cb8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T13:38:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eneida Monteiro.pdf: 1058530 bytes, checksum: 99163b280dcbfed23373cbde8ec74cb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Em decorrência das modificações ocorridas no mercado de seguros a partir da década de 90, as empresas de seguros têm como de safio a busca por resultado operacional, exigindo delas um aprimoramento na gestão de riscos e normas de subscrição de riscos. Esta dissertação objetivou a análise da eficiência econômica relativa do mercado de segurador brasileiro, para o período de 2010 a 2012. Com base nos dados extraídos do Sistema de Estatística da SUSEP, identificando as seguradoras em especialistas (que trabalham somente com seguro de danos ou pessoas) e as seguradoras diversificadas (que trabalham somente com seguro de danos ou pessoas) foi possível avaliar a existência de ganhos de escala ou escopo das empresas de seguros no Brasil. A metodologia de análise utilizada foi a DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), que identificou a eficiência econômica relativa de seguradoras e com base nos resultados dessa pesquisa, evidenciou que não há economia de escala, ou seja, o ganho de escala ocorre para as seguradoras que comercializam em um segmento específico de seguros, danos ou pessoas. / Due to the changes occurring in the insurance market from the 90s, insurance companies are challenged to search for perating in come, requiring of them an improvement in risk management and underwriting standards. This dissertation aimed to analyze the relative economic efficiency of the Brazilian insurance arket for the period 2010-2012. Based on data from the Statistical System SUSEP, insurers in identifying experts ( working only ith damage or personal insurance ) and diversified insurers ( who work only with damage or personal insurance ) it was possible to evaluate the existence of gains of scale or scope of nsurance companies in Brazil . The analysis methodology used was DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), identifies the relative economic efficiency of insurers and based on the results of this research, it is evident that there is economy of scale, ie, the gain range is given for insurers that sell at a specific segment of insurance, Damage or People.

Em 1997, a chamada Lei do Petróleo instituiu novos critérios para a partilha das rendas petrolíferas com estados e municípios, elevando substancialmente a arrecadação dos entes federativos. De acordo com a teoria econômica os recursos naturais devem ser aplicados de forma eficiente em capital, visando o desenvolvimento socioeconômico do país. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar se os royalties do petróleo, gás natural e outros hidrocarbonetos fluidos afetam a eficiência dos municípios no que se refere a determinados indicadores sociais. Esta análise foi feita em dois estágios. No primeiro estágio, estimaram-se escores de eficiência relativa com respeito à \"produção\" de indicadores sociais municipais pela metodologia da Análise de Envoltória de Dados (DEA, em inglês). No segundo estágio, uma regressão desses escores no valor em Reais de royalties recebidos por cada município (além de outras variáveis de controle) avaliou que, a níveis estatisticamente significativos, pode-se afirmar que os royalties têm um impacto negativo na eficiência da \"produção\" desses indicadores. / In 1997, the law known as Oil Act established new criteria regarding the distribution of the oil income to States and Municipalities, substantially raising the incomings of the Federal entities. According to the economic theory natural resources should be applied efficiently in the capital, targeting the country\'s socioeconomic development. This work aims to analyze whether the royalties from the production of oil, natural gas and other fluid hydrocarbons affect the efficiency of Municipalities with regard to certain social indicators. This analysis was done in two stages. In the first stage, relative efficiency scores were estimated with respect to the \"production\" of municipal social indicators by the methodology of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In the second stage, a regression of these scores in Reais of royalties received by each Municipality (besides other variables of control) assessed that, at statistically significant levels, it may be asserted that the royalties have a negative impact upon the efficiency of the \"production\" of these indicators.

The formation of multi-hospital systems represents one of the largest structural changes in the hospital industry. As of 2008, system affiliated hospitals outnumbered stand alone hospitals 2511 to 2167 and the percentage of system affiliated rural hospitals has increased dramatically from 24.8% in 1983 to 42.2% in 2008 (based on AHA data for non-federal acute care general hospitals). The effects of system membership on hospital performance have been of great interest to health care researchers, but the majority of research on multi-hospital systems has either focused exclusively on urban facilities or pooled urban and rural facilities in the same sample, and thus failed to allow for potential differences in membership effects between urban and rural hospitals. The result is that the effect of system membership on rural hospital performance has remained largely unexplored, creating a gap in the body of health services research. The objectives of this study are both theoretical and empirical. Theoretically, this study is intended to be a deliberate empirical application of contingency theory, which is the one major organizational theory that seeks to explain variations in organizational performance as its fundamental purpose. Empirically, this study seeks to explore the relationship between rural hospital system membership and rural hospital performance, taking into account the environment of the rural hospital and the structure of the multi-hospital system to which it belongs. The study sample consists of 1010 non-federal, short-term, acute care general rural hospitals with consistent system membership and critical access hospital (CAH) status from 2004 to 2008. Hospital economic performance is represented by the dependent variables of hospital total margin and a productive efficiency score calculated using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Four contingent pairs containing measures for environmental munificence, system membership, the presence of local system partners, the presence of hierarchical system partners, and CAH status, were used to measure a hospital’s fit between environment and structure. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between hospital performance and the fit between a hospital’s environment and its organizational/system structure. Results of the analysis indicate that hospitals with a better fit have significantly higher total margins, but results for productive efficiency were largely insignificant.

This thesis deals with selecting the optimal portfolio for a risk averse investor. Firstly, we present the risk measures, specifically spectral risk me- asures which consider an individual risk aversion of the investor. Then we propose a diversification-consistent data envelopment analysis model. The model is searching for an efficient portfolio with respect to second-order sto- chastic dominance. The crux of the thesis is a model based on the theory of multi-criteria optimization and spectral risk measures. The presented mo- del is searching for an optimal portfolio suitable for the investor with a given risk aversion. In addition, the optimal portfolio is also consistent with second- order stochastic dominance efficiency. The topic of the practical part is a nu- merical study in which both models are implemented in MATLAB. Models are applied to a dataset from real financial markets. Personal contribution lies in comparing the diversification-consistent data envelopment analysis model and model based on multi-criteria optimization, both with respect to second order stochastic dominance efficiency.

La couverture universelle de santé est aujourd’hui au coeur du financement de la santé. Dans ce contexte, le développement des mécanismes d’assurance et l’amélioration de l’efficience constituent des enjeux majeurs pour garantir l’équité dans l’accès et le financement des services de santé. La transition vers la couverture universelle de santé s’appuie sur la combinaison des fonds d’équité de santé et de l’assurance santé communautaire au Cambodge et sur le développement de l’assurance santé communautaire en Chine avec le Nouveau Système de Coopératives Médicales Rurales. Alors que les modalités du financement de la santé changent, l’utilisation des ressources devient un enjeu central et on doit alors s’interroger sur leur efficience dans le contexte de la couverture universelle de santé. C’est l’objet de cette thèse qui s’articule autour de quatre chapitres. Le chapitre I analyse les enjeux du financement de la santé dans les pays en développement dans le contexte de la couverture universelle de santé, montrant pourquoi la problématique de l’efficience en constitue l’une des interrogations centrales. La thèse se concentre alors sur l’étude de l’efficience des établissements de santé au travers de trois chapitres. Le chapitre II porte sur la mesure de l’efficience technique via l’analyse d’enveloppement des données. Les chapitres III et IV présentent des études de cas portant respectivement sur l’activité et l’efficience des centres de santé de la province de Takéo au Cambodge et des hôpitaux municipaux de la préfecture de Weifang en Chine dans le contexte des réformes orientées vers la couverture universelle de santé. / Universal health coverage is at the heart of health financing. In such context, the development of insurance mechanisms and the improvement of efficiency are major stakes to insure equity in access and financing of health care services. In Cambodia, the transition to universal health coverage relies on a combination of health equity funds and community-based health insurance while in China it relies on the development of community-based health insurance with the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme. The composition of health financing evolves and thus, the utilization of resources becomes a central issue. So, as it proposed in this thesis, we have to examine the efficiency in the context of universal health coverage. The chapter I analyses the issues of health financing in developing countries in the context of universal health coverage and underlines why the efficiency is the central issue. The thesis then concentrates on the study of efficiency through three chapters. Chapter II details the data envelopment analysis to estimate technical efficiency. Chapters III and IV respectively study the activity and efficiency of health centers of Takeo province in Cambodia and townships hospitals of Weifang prefecture in China, in the context of reforms oriented to universal health coverage.

本研究以三階段資料包絡分析探討在95到97學年度三年間國內近年升格的私立技職院校的經營績效。研究藉由三階段的調整，期望觀察出各技職院校在摒除環境和產出品質的影響下，真實的學校經營效率表現。結果顯示，當學校屬性為中部學校、南部學校、中型規模學校、科技大學等與各項投入差額之間，具有正向關係，而學校屬性為商科重點或其他科的學校、大型學校等與各項投入差額之間，具有負向關係。而在排除外在因素與統計干擾的影響後，本研究發現各高等技職院校的技術效率、純技術效率與規模效率的差異會減少，多數高等技職院校管理效率仍有改善空間，且亦有部分無效率來自於規模無效率，除部分技職院校處於固定規模報酬階段外，其餘多數技職院校皆處於規模報酬遞增階段。 / This paper uses the three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure performance efficiency of the private vocational and technological colleges which are elevated recently in Taiwan during the 2006-2008 periods. With the three-stage adjustment, the researcher presented the relationship between the outside environmental factors among the considered colleges and the input slacks. After excluding the impacts from outside environmental factors and statistical noises, the study finds that the differences among the technical efficiency, the pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of the considered colleges would be decreased. In addition, it is also found that most considered colleges have opportunity to improve their efficiency and are in the phase of increasing returns to scale.

近年來政府財政資源逐年緊縮，但社會大眾對教育品質之要求與日遽增，繼之以近年來少子化之情形日趨嚴重，國民小學開始衍生學生不足及規模過小問題，導致教育投資無效率的情形發生，因此著重衡量投入與產出關係的經營效率概念，成為未來學校經營的重點。本研究綜合實務及理論之觀察，在考量投入與產出評估之觀點下，經由投入及產出指標之計算，進行我國國民小學經營效率之評估，並探討影響我國國民小學經營效率之各項因素驗證其影響，提出增進學校經營效率之建議與策略。 本研究評估我國國小經營效率，以台北市75所公立國小為研究樣本，採用97年度國小歲出計畫預算扣除人事費用之預算、教職員人數、校地面積為投入項，國小六年級國語科、數學科基本能力測驗精熟級以上通過人數、各校市級比賽得分、新生報到人數為產出項，並蒐集各校背景及教師素質、家長社經背景及學區因素等變項資料，藉由資料包絡分析法及Tobit迴歸分析，獲得台北市各公立國小之各項效率結果，及影響學校效率之各項因素分析。主要研究發現：（一）台北市國小技術效率表現尚佳。（二）學校普遍出現學生規模不足情形。（三）、學校成本效率表現普遍不佳。（四）效率表現較佳學校具有學生數多、設校時間較短、家長社經背景較佳特徵。（五）學校間學業成就表現差距較小，但各校師生多元表現表現差距較大。（六）在台北市國民小學經營效率調整方面，現有投入水準下產出有不足之情形，在現有產出水準下則有投入有過多之情形。影響學校經營效率之因素方面，學校特性中只有教師性別、學校成員、學校設立時間對學校經營效率有向顯著之影響；學生家長社會經濟背景方面，學校低收入戶及原住民學生比率越高對學校效率有顯著的負面影響，其餘因素影響並不顯著。學區環境部分，學校所處區位都市化程度越高效率越好，位於住宅區之學校效率優於其他各區。針對研究結果，提出下列建議。（一）規模過小學校，宜進行各項資源整合利用。（二）推動教師專業評鑑及落實考核。（三）建立教育績效責任制提升學校效率。（四）國小校務評鑑可同時有量化及質化之評鑑。（五）教育經費編列宜考量學校背景之差異性。（六）建議教育行政機關建立整合電腦資料庫以利未來研究。 / Recent year the budget of government is tightening, but our expectation of the educational quality is never less than before. However, the birth rate of Taiwan decreases sharply during decades. It makes the problem that our elementary schools lacking scale of economies are more serious. By literatures reviewing, we find that most of them emphasize on effectiveness of elementary school but efficiency. If we ignore the viewpoint of efficiency, we will not catch the whole-picture of elementary schools’ performance. In this dissertation, we are not only examining the efficiency performance of elementary schools’ but also testing the impact of exogenous variables to efficiency. On first stage, We select half of elementary school of Taipei city as our empirical samples, and use data envelopment analysis (DEA)to examine their efficiency performance that include cost efficiency, scale efficiency, technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency ,and allocative efficiency. The result suggests that the sample school have a medium-high technical efficiency performance but poor cost efficiency. Technical efficiency performance is better than allocative and scale efficiency performance. We also confirm a problem that we expect our elementary schools lacking scale of economies. On the second stage, we use Tobit regression method to test our three hypotheses, The empirical result show (1)the evidence support our school characteristic hypothesis that school-specific factors (including the female faculty proportion, teaching experience of teachers, and involvement of teachers) have significant effect to efficiency performance of elementary school.(2) the evidence also support our socioeconomic hypothesis that students’ socioeconomic status (including the family situation and family financial condition) have significant effect to efficiency performance.(3) Our location hypothesis that the school district characteristic (including population density of district and location factor) have significant effect to efficiency performance is supported too.

本研究以臺北縣政府稅捐稽徵處為對象，採用2001-2008年資料，共有56筆樣本資料進行實證研究。應用三階段DEA作為分析模型，以滿足產出多樣、品質差異及產出環境各異之特殊要求。考量稅捐稽徵處特性下，探討其經營效率，提出改善經營效率之政策性建議，以提升有限資源的效率化利用。 臺北縣政府稅捐稽徵處之經營效率值(三階段純技術效率值)評估之結果為1.0186。研究發現，若未摒除稅捐稽徵處所提供服務的不同產出品質，以及受到環境變數之影響，經營效率值將會低估44.16%。此外，若未考量規模效率，經營效率值也會高估18.23%。 實證結果顯示，利用DEA對於本文地方稅分類方式分析，會產生很好的效果。透過本文提供的分類方法，管理機關可獲得較為有效的管理方式。再者，依據隨機邊界法分析、產出投入比與效率值的相關分析等結果，各地方稅的管理單位應可瞭解其擁有資源的優劣勢，以改善其相對無效率或進步緩慢的窘境。 / This research tries to estimate the operational efficiency of Taipei County Revenue Service Office using empirical data from 2001 to 2008. In order to meet the characteristics including various outputs, different output qualities and specific production environments, 3-stage DEA model is chosen and modified for empirical study. The findings of this research may give policy suggestions to improve the operational efficiency. The estimated operational efficiency, the pure technical efficiency in third stage, is 1.0186. The study shows the operational efficiency will be underestimated by 44.16% if output quality variable and production environment variable are ignored. In addition, if scale efficiency is not taken under consideration, the efficiency will be overestimated by 18.23%. Empirical results indicate that DEA is an effective approach applied to the local tax classification model of this study. Furthermore, according to the findings of SFA analysis, output-input ratio and efficiency index, each management unit of local tax could find out its strength and weakness of resources endowment to improve the relative inefficiency and to make progress in the future.

都市經濟發展同時卻也造成環境衝擊的影響，在永續發展理念下，經濟和環境議題調和為重要議題，過去評估都市永續性主要透過永續指標建構、生態足跡、能值分析等方法，但缺乏將環境和經濟兩者同時考量，因而有經濟-生態效率（Eco-efficiency）評估方式產生。本文嘗試利用此評估方式於探討台灣在民國85、90及95年經濟與環境變化情形，並分析哪些縣市為發展上具有效率以及影響縣市經濟-生態效率上差異性原因。本研究第一階段利用可處理多投入及多產出之資料包絡分析計算效率，第二階段則將以都市發展程度等為原因探討對於縣市效率值變動影響情形。 研究結果顯示，縣市中以北部縣市效率值較高而南部效率值較低，個別縣市觀察以台北市、新竹縣、新竹市、台中市、嘉義市和台東縣為三個年度中皆具有效率的縣市。而縣市欲提升效率值則需從汽柴油銷售量及用電量著手；此外，總用水量和二、三級產業就業員工數為縣市經濟-生態效率值之優勢因素。更近一步透過Tobit迴歸分析影響縣市效率值差異性原因，都市發展程度及污染性產業比例與效率值呈現負向變動，而每人每年可支配所得高低則呈正向變動。因此，建議政府對產業的汙染管制宜改善，而於都市發展程度較高的縣市提升能源使用效率並降低對環境影響，以提升縣市發展之經濟-生態效率。 關鍵詞：經濟-生態效率、資料包絡分析、Tobit迴歸分析 / Urban development creates economic values and results in environmental impact at the same time. Based on the concept of sustainable development, several methods, such as sustainable indicator frameworks, ecological footprints, urban metabolism, were reported to assess urban sustainability. However, these methods seldom focus on the relation between environment and economy. Therefore, World Business Council proposed Eco-efficiency. This research tried to apply Eco-efficiency to analyze which cities/counties are relatively eco-efficient and find causes bringing about discrepancies among twenty-two cities/counties in Taiwan. In the first stage, this research applies Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) to figure out Eco-efficiency scores and applies Tobit regression method to analyze in the second stage. The results show that efficiency scores of northern cities/counties are higher than other areas and the ones of southern cities/counties are lower above four areas. Further discussion of analyzing from individual county/city perspectives, the efficiency scores of Taipei city, Hsinchu county, Hsinchu city, Taichung city, Chiayi city and Taitung county are relatively better in 1996, 2001 and 2006. Within comparatively inefficient cities/counties, oil consumption and electricity need to reduce. Water consumption and industry employees are superior factors in twenty-two cities/counties. Furthermore, the intensity of urban development and polluting industry ratio of second and third industries have significant positive effects on the eco-efficiency scores. Disposable income per person per year has significant positive effect on the eco-efficiency scores. Thus, this research suggests that government should improve the regulation on industry pollution. In addition, for those counties/cities with high intensity urban development need to ameliorate energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Key words：Eco-efficiency、Data Envelopment Analysis、Tobit regression

Deregulation of the airlines in the United States spawned a free-for-all system which led to a variety of agents within the aviation system all seeking to optimize their own piece of the aviation system, and the net result was that the aviation system itself was not optimized in aggregate, frequently resulting in delays. Research on the efficiency of the system has likewise focused on the individual agents, primarily focusing on the municipalities in an economic context, and largely ignoring the consumer. This paper develops the case for a systemic efficiency measurement which incorporates the interests of the airlines and the consumers with those of the airport operating municipalities in three different Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models: traditional Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes and Banker-Charnes-Cooper models, and a Directional Output Distance Function model, devised and interpreted using quality management principles. These models were combined to allow the resulting efficiencies of the operating configurations of the given airport to predict the efficiency of the associated airport. Based upon regression models, these efficiency measurements can be used as a diagnostic for improving the efficiency of the entire United States airspace, on a systemic basis, at the individual airport configuration level. An example analysis using this diagnostic is derived in the course of the development and description of the diagnostic and two additional case studies are presented.