O processo de tratamento da madeira utiliza substâncias que geram compostos perigosos que podem contaminar os compartimentos ambientais. O presente estudo avaliou uma área sob influência da contaminação de solo proveniente das atividades de uma usina de tratamento de madeira desativada. A presença e o efeito de compostos mutagênicos em amostras ambientais foram utilizados como marcadores de exposição associada à avaliação de marcadores genéticos de efeito precoce em humanos, com foco em crianças como grupo sensível. Uma área 1750 m distante da usina, fora do quadrante dispersão preferencial atmosférica e em oposição à drenagem do local, foi utilizada como local de referência para a coleta de amostras e comparação. Extratos orgânicos de água de abastecimento, poeira de sótão e material particulado atmosférico fino (PM2,5) foram avaliados para mutagenicidade por meio do ensaio Salmonella/microssoma. Cobre (Cu), cromo (Cr), arsênio (As) e pentaclorofenol (PCP) foram quantificados em amostras de poeira do sótão. Os 16 Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos (HPAs) prioritários foram avaliados nos extratos de PM2,5 e poeira do sótão. Crianças residentes no entorno da usina e na área de referência foram avaliadas quanto à presença de micronúcleos em amostras de sangue e mucosa oral, e danos primários no DNA, pelo ensaio cometa em linfócitos de sangue periférico. De acordo com a análise de metais, as residências perto da entrada da usina foram as mais afetadas. PCP foi identificado em amostras de poeira de sótão (0,49 mg/kg) e a concentração total de HPAs nesta matriz variou 0,40-13,31 mg/g, com maior dispersão. Todas as amostras de poeira do sótão em que a concentração total de HPAs estava acima de 2μg/g apresentaram resposta positiva para a atividade mutagênica. A contribuição dos HPAs para a mutagênese na poeira de sótão representou 10%, indicando que outros compostos podem contribuir para o efeito mutagênico. A atividade mutagênica e a concentração de HPAs nas amostras de PM2,5foram, de maneira geral, mais elevadas na área de risco, embora em alguns períodos de amostragem a área de referência atingiu valores semelhantes ou mesmo superiores. O efeito mutagênico e as concentrações de HPAs observados nas amostras de PM2,5 foram semelhantes aos valores encontrados em estudos que avaliaram áreas urbanas e com influência industrial. Extratos orgânicos de água de abastecimento não apresentaram mutagenicidade. As frequências de MN em linfócitos de sangue periférico e de células binucleadas na mucosa oral foram significativamente maiores no grupo de risco. Nos demais biomarcadores avaliados não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos. O conjunto de resultados indica a necessidade de novas avaliações utilizando grupo de referência menos suscetível às influências da área contaminada. O conjunto de dados coletados neste estudo indica a necessidade de uma avaliação mais cuidadosa dos biomarcadores individualmente e de um grupo de referência menos suscetível a influências da área contaminada. Apesar da ausência de diferenças significativas entre os grupos de risco e de referência em biomarcadores de danos no DNA avaliados em crianças, os resultados observados nas amostras de poeira de sótão e PM2,5 sugerem que a população esteve ou ainda está potencialmente exposta a substâncias capazes de causar efeitos adversos à saúde humana. / The mutagenic activity and the concentration of PAHs in PM2.5 samples were generally higher in the risk area, although in some periods the reference area has reached similar or even higher values. The mutagenic effect and the concentrations of PAHs recorded in the PM2.5 samples were similar to those found in studies that assessed areas of intense urban occupation and industrial influence. Organic extracts from supply water showed no mutagenicity. The MN frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes and binucleated cells of the oral mucosa were significantly higher in the risk group. No significant differences between children from the reference and risk area were observed in others genetic biomarkers assessed. The result set indicates the need for further evaluations using reference group less susceptible to the influences of the contaminated area. The set of data collected in this study indicates the need for a more cautious assessment of biomarkers individually, and a reference group less susceptible to influences from the contaminated area is necessary. Despite the absence of significant differences between the risk and reference groups in biomarkers of DNA damage assessed in children, the results in attic and PM2.5 samples suggest that the population was or is still potentially exposed to substances with strong negatives effects on human health.

Issues related to moisture are one of the most common problems buildings are exposed to. Moisture issues have a tendency to lead to damage and growth of unwanted microorganisms on the buildings structure. Buildings troubled of issues related to moisture may have a negative impact on the indoor environment, the health of the people living there and the abrasion resistance of the structure. According to a research published by Boverket in 2010, approximately 36 % of all buildings in Sweden suffers from damage and mold in relation with moisture, most troubled by these kind of issues are small houses. More specifically, the attic in small houses is the most troubled part. The cost of maintenance for the damage caused by moisture is estimated to 91,2 billion SEK. The origin of moisture issues can depend on several different factors. Weather and climate are of great meaning if a building will be exposed to moisture issues. Precipitation, air humidity, temperature, wind speed and wind direction are some contributing factors. Today, constructing energy-saving buildings is a hot topic and a consequence of the more strict regulations regarding energy consumption. The sector of construction and service stands for approximately 40 % of Swedens total consumption of energy. Due to the topic of houses with a low consumption of energy, new ideas have come forward through the years and a typical example is the concept: Low energy house. Low energy houses are projected as dense houses with a high amount of insulation included with purpose to minimize the loss of thermal energy. Debates regarding how low-energy house has an increased risk to exposure of moisture issues than traditional houses as a consequence to a more dense structure, is common. Theoretically, low-energy houses have an increased risk for exposure but it can be avoided depending on the layout of the house and knowledge of moisture issues. Cold attics constitute a room in the attic where the climate has a resemblance to the outdoor climate. Former studies show a trend that cold attics have an increased risk for exposure of mold growth as a consequence to moisture issues. A low-energy house with a cold attic should, according to what is stated above, make a great risk for exposure of moisture issues. In this study a moisture analysis is performed of a cold attic in a low-energy house. The house is located in Molkom, Värmland and is relatively new-built. The goal with the analyzation is to examine if parts of the cold attic has a risk to be exposed to mold due to moisture issues and with relation to weather factors. The analyze was performed using two separate methods: a field study where moisture-measuring equipment was attached to the roofs trusses inside the cold attic in order to measure moisture ratio in these, relative air humidity and temperature in the surroundings of the trusses. A weather station was set up in the closeness of the house in purpose to be able to compare weather data to the data recorded by the measuring equipment in the attic. The weather station measured temperature, relative air humidity, precipitation, wind speed and wind direction from the outdoor climate. The second method was based on performing a thermal and humidity simulation using WUFI. In the program a simulation of the cold attic was performed. The simulation presented moisture data during the same interval as the field study and for the further five years to come. Measured data from measuring equipment, weather station and WUFI was compiled in order to be analyzed using produced, critical values for mold growth. Factors of values which was used for performing the analysis and the final evaluation was following: Relative air humidity, temperature and moisture ratio in the wood of the roofs trusses. The study showed that the cold attic does not make a risk for being exposed to issues regarding mold growth thus reign of critical values during some of the periods of the interval. The outdoor climate indicated to have a controlling effect on the climate in the attic. The relative air humidity in the attic rises when precipitation occurs and also when powerful, southwestern and southern winds reigns. The relative air humidity in the attic increases substantially when precipitation occurs in combination with southern winds. As precipitation occurs in itself, the temperature drops in the attic. Temperature in the attic does not show any noticeable connection to wind direction or speed. The roof trusses moisture ratio increases during periods of precipitation and also when southern or northern winds reigns. Wind speed does not show any noticeable connection with how the moisture ratio differs. The relative air humidity in the cold attic has a close resemblance to the relative air humidity outside.  The temperature in the cold attic has a close resemblance to the temperature outside.  Moisture ratio in the roof trusses does not show any noticeable connection to relative air humidity and temperature outside. / Fuktproblem är bland de vanligaste problemen som ett hus kan utsättas för. Problem i form av fukt leder ofta till skador eller tillväxt av oönskade mikroorganismer i husets konstruktion. Hus som drabbats av problem i samband med fukt kan ha en negativ inverkan på inomhusmiljön och hälsan för de människor som vistas i husen samt försämra konstruktionens hållfasthet. Enligt en undersökning publicerad av Boverket år 2010 är cirka 36 % av alla byggnader i Sverige utsatta för fukt- och mögelskador, flest skador påvisas i småhus. I småhusen är takets vindsutrymme den mest utsatta delen. Åtgärdskostnaden för fuktskadorna i drabbade småhus uppskattas till en kostnad om 91,2 miljarder kronor. Uppkomsten av problemen beror på många olika faktorer. Väder och klimat är av stor betydelse för hur ett hus utsätts för oönskad fukt. Nederbörd, luftfuktighet, temperatur, vindhastighet och vindriktning är några faktorer som är bidragande. Idag finns ett stort fokus på att bygga energisnåla hus medfört av allt hårdare krav om energiförbrukning. Sektorn för bostäder och service står för upp till 40 % av Sveriges totala energianvändning. I frågan om mer energisnåla byggnationer har nya idéer växt fram under åren, och ett typiskt exempel är lågenergihus. Lågenergihus är projekterade som täta och välisolerade hus i syfte att minska husets svinn av värmeenergi och därmed minskad energiåtgång för att vara i drift. Det debatteras flitigt om lågenergihus löper större risk att drabbas av fuktproblem än traditionella hus på grund av konstruktionens täthet och större mängd värmeisolering. Teoretiskt sett löper lågenergihus en större risk för att drabbas av fuktproblem i form av mikrobiell tillväxt men beroende på utformning och med hjälp av kunskap kan problemen undvikas. Kallvindar utgör ett vindsutrymme där klimatet i utrymmet liknar klimatet utomhus. Tidigare studier visar en trend att kallvindar har en ökad risk att utsättas för mögelsvamp på grund av fuktproblem. Ett lågenergihus med kallvind bör, enligt ovanstående, utgöra en stor risk att drabbas av fuktproblem. I denna studie har en fuktanalys genomförts av en kallvind i ett lågenergihus. Huset är placerat i Molkom, Värmland, och är relativt nybyggt. Målet med analysen var att undersöka om delar i kallvinden löpte risk att drabbas av fuktproblem i form av påväxt av mikroorganismer i relation till vädrets faktorer. Analysen utgjorde två separata metoder: en praktisk mätstudie där fuktmätare fästs i takstolarna inom kallvinden för att mäta fukthalt i takstolarna samt relativ luftfuktighet och temperatur i dess omgivning. I husets närhet placerades en väderstation i syfte att jämföra väderdata med data från mätare placerade i vindsutrymmet och hur vädret påverkar klimatet i vindsutrymmet. Väderstationen gav data för temperatur, luftfuktighet, nederbörd, vindhastighet och vindriktning utomhus. Den andre metoden var att utföra en värme- och fuktsimulering i programmet WUFI. I programmet genomfördes en simulering av kallvinden. Simuleringen presenterade fuktdata under samma tid som den praktiska studien avsett samt under kommande 5 år. Uppmätt data från mätare, väderstation och WUFI sammanställdes för att analyseras utifrån framtagna kritiska värden för mikrobiell tillväxt. Värden för faktorer som beaktades för att genomföra analysen och den slutliga bedömningen var: relativ luftfuktighet, temperatur och fukthalt i material. Ur studien framgår det att kallvinden inte utgör någon risk att drabbas av problem i samband med mögelsvampstillväxt trots kritiska värden under vissa perioder. Vädret visade sig att ha en stor inverkan på klimatet i vindsutrymmet. Den relativa luftfuktigheten i vindsutrymmet ökar då nederbörd förekommer samt när kraftiga, sydvästliga och sydliga vindar råder. Den relativa luftfuktigheten i vindsutrymmet ökar väsentligt då nederbörd sker i kombination med sydliga vindar. Då nederbörd förekommer sjunker temperaturen i vindsutrymmet. Temperaturen i vindsutrymmet visar inga tydliga samband med vindens riktning eller hastighet Fukthalten i takstolsvirket i vindsutrymmet ökar under nederbördsperioder samt när sydliga eller nordliga vindar råder. Vindens hastighet visar ingen påverkan för fukthalten. Den relativa luftfuktigheten i vindsutrymmet liknar den relativa luftfuktigheten utomhus. Temperaturen i vindsutrymmet liknar den temperatur som råder utomhus. Fukthalten i takstolarnas virke förhåller sig inte tydligt i samband med relativ fuktighet och temperatur utomhus.

M.A. / During the second half of the fifth-century B.C. there was a sudden proliferation of Attic vases depicting adornment scenes. These scenes showed groups of women making themselves desirable and for the first time women were eroticised within the context of marriage. Some scholars have argued that this sudden abundance reflected a change in the Attic attitude towards women, reflecting their increased social standing. These scholars proposed various hypotheses. It is conjectured that Perikles' Citizenship Law of 451/450 increased the social standing of Athenian daughters. The Peloponnesian War that raged from 431 to 404 BCE might also have forced women to take on more public responsibilities; to fill the gaps left by the military men's absence. This would explain why private activities of women became the subject matter of vase paintings at that time. According to this viewpoint women became the new customers of the potters. There are even scholars who maintain that these scenes contain hints of sexual liaisons between women. A competing hypothesis is that these scenes were used to impose a patriarchal ideal of femininity onto girls preparing themselves for marriage. Both these approaches imply that women were the primary viewers of these scenes. The aim of this study is to evaluate these hypotheses and to explore whether there may be other explanations. In order to investigate these issues a visual semiotic analysis was performed of thirteen painted vases representative of a variety of painters and vase shapes. This analysis was done in two parts: a structural analysis and a pragmatic analysis. The structural analysis consisted of a syntactic and semantic analysis, and helped to identify the pertinent signs and what they refer to. Artistic principles and the theory of Gestalt played an important role in identifying key signs. The pragmatic analysis delved deeper and was used to establish what message Athenian men and women might have read into these painted vases. This brought to light the master narrative prescribed by the patriarchy as well as women's acceptance thereof and how women used it to condition their daughters. A new hypothesis is proposed to explain the increase in this type of subject matter on painted vases. It is concluded that the buyers of the vases were mostly men but that the consumers of these artistic scenes were both male and female. It is also probable that after the Peloponnesian War these vases depicted a return to basic patriarchal values that may have degenerated during the war. It was also found that Perikles' Citizenship Law would have contributed more to the social standing of the male guardian, than to that of a girl of marriageable age. The eroticisation of women within the confines of marriage would thus have propagated the message of procreation within the patriarchal family structure, rather than referring to erotic encounters between women. These scenes, instead of showing the increased social standing of women, reflect a reinforcement of patriarchal values.

This thesis analyses the ancient Greek lexica concerning the unique characteristics of the Attic dialects and the atticist lexica. The two most important - The Ecloga of Phrynichus and the so called Antiatticist - are put through the analysis of the differences or similarities they have, how they work with the lexical material, how they define the Standard Attic language, what canonical text they operate with and how would the authors have reacted to each other. The other Attic and Atticist lexica are described by quotes with translations. The thesis also summarizes the present status of research in Greek lexicography. Keywords Ancient Greek lexicography, Atticism, Attic Greek, Phrynichus, Antiatticist, Aristophanes of Byzantium, Moiris.

This diploma thesis solves the project of polyfunctional apartment building in Habrovany village in the scope of the documentation for the realization of the building. The building is designed in accordance with the custom of building the region with the greatest possible elegance and modern design. The project includes two classic flats 3+kk and 5+1 and is one above-standard attic apartment 5+1 with a large roof terrace. The house belongs to two premises in the 1. floor and two office units in the 2. floor. The solution of parking on the land for residents and shop visitors and a smaller grassy park behind the house.

Bränder i radhus har under en längre tid varit förödande, oftast med hela radhuslängor totalförstörda. Branden sprider sig upp till vinden för att normalt mötas av en bristande avskiljande vägg. För att förebygga dessa katastrofala bränder genomför räddningstjänster runtomkring landet inspektioner och tillsyner av radhusvindarna så att de klarar av minst 30 minuter. 30 minuter har tidigare varit den minimumtid som en avskiljande vägg på vinden ska stå emot en brand. Dessa tillsyner gjordes med bland annat lagligt stöd från 2 kap. 2 § i lagen om skydd mot olyckor som säger att ägaren ska i skälig omfattning vidta de åtgärder som behövs för att förebygga bränder. Detta innebär att vindar som tidigare haft godkänt brandskydd för 30 minuter, har efter tillsynerna bevisas inte klara av den påstådda tiden och behöver åtgärda denna brist.  En av lösningarna vid brister på radhus med innertak av råspont är att sätta en 60 cm lång gipsskiva ut ifrån den avskiljande väggen längst taket på båda sidorna av väggen. Detta är tänkt att hjälpa till att förhindra, inte stoppa, en brand så pass länge att den avskiljande väggen kan upprätthålla sitt brandskydd i minst 30 minuter. Enligt existerande teori ska en gipsskiva hålla i ca 15-20 minuter. Problemet är att detta lösningsförslag saknar empiriskt underlag. I denna rapport togs tre moduler fram för att undersöka om branden kunde ta sig över en oskyddad och skyddad avskiljande vägg. Som brandkälla anpassades en heptanbrand för att efterlikna brandkurvan ISO 834, även känd som standardbrandkurvan. Första brandförsöket med första modulen stötte på flera stora problem medan övriga två moduler, efter modifieringar, gav rimliga resultat. Resultatet visar att branden inte kunde ta sig över en oskyddad vägg men att en skyddad vägg höll sig bättre. Med ca 8 minuter för brand-gas, -rök att ta sig över men 38 minuter innan genombränning, öppen låga, för oskyddad avskiljande vägg. För skyddad avskiljande vägg tog det över 46 minuter innan brandgas började ta sig över avskiljande väggen.  Vidare analyseras och diskuteras resultatets trovärdighet utifrån uppmätt effekt och temperaturer samt modulens uppbyggnad. Temperaturkurvorna var för sig bedöms trovärdiga även om de skiljer sig ifrån varandra mellan testerna. Framtagna effekten höll sig överraskande väl mot antagna effektens värde. Slutsatsen blev att en brand inte kan ta sig genom en oskyddad avskiljande vägg inom 30 minuter men att en skyddad vägg stod anmärkningsvärt bättre emot branden. / Fires in row houses have under a long time had devastating consequences, often with several family’s homes total destroyed. Fires usually go up to the attic where it normally is meet with deficient firewalls that doesn’t prevent fire from spreading to adjacent attics.  To prevent these catastrophes fires, fire brigades all-around Sweden carry through inspections and oversight on these deficient firewalls so that it can stand against a fire for at least 30 minutes. By Swedish law, the owner of a house must, within reasonably scale, prevent fires from spreading. This includes buildings that previously had acceptably fire prevention for its time of construction but nowadays, with new information, can be proven to not maintains its alleged prevention time. 30 minutes were the minimal time that have previously been accepted as a firewall in the attic.  One of the solutions to deficiency with attic ceilings of so called “råspont”, translated to “tongue and groove boards”, is to extend a 60 cm gypsum board out from the firewall onto the ceiling, on both side of the firewall. This is to help prevent the fire from spreading to next attic within 30 minutes. The main principle is that a single gypsum board can withstand ca 15-20 minutes of fire before failing. The problem is that these solutions is only theoretical, and no empirical experiment have been done to test this solutions reliability. In this report, three modules were designed and tested to see if a fire could get through/over a firewall with, and without, a gypsum board protection within 30 minutes. As a source of fire, a heptane fire was designed to imitate ISO 834 fire curve, also known as standard fire curve. First test of the modules had quite a bit of problems and failure but the other two, after some rearrangement and fixes, delivered somewhat reliable results. The results shows that the fire couldn’t get through an unprotected firewall within 30 minutes, but a protected firewall withstand the fire considerably longer. The unprotected firewall let through smoke around 8 minutes and an open flame was visible around 38 minutes. The protected firewall started to let through smoke after 46 minutes mark. There after analyzed and discussed the reliability of the experiment according to measured heat release rate (HRR) and temperature curve. The temperature curves are each of they own reasonable and believable but differs from one another. The measured HRR were surprisingly accurate against the previously calculated HRR.  The conclusion was that a fire couldn’t get over an unprotected firewall within 30 minutes but that a protected firewall held considerably longer against a fire.

The subject of the diploma thesis is design a new hotel with boarding camp in Zruč nad Sázavou. The building is situated near the river Sázava on flat terrain. Emphasis is placed on the total visual impression of the building and how the building could blend in with the surrounding landscape. The hotel will serve as recreational facility with short-term accommodation. The hotel has swimming pool, conference room and public laundry. The building has three floors above and no basement. The project includes a flat roof with an attic.

Héraclès est une des figures les plus importantes dans la littérature et l’art de la Grèce ancienne et il est le sujet d’une vaste geste aussi complexe que variée. Celle-ci est développée dans les traditions orales et retranscrite dans les textes, ainsi que largement mise en image. Héraclès est énormément représenté dans la céramique attique, qui constitue un support polysémique, rendant toutes les variations que permet sa figure complexe. Déjà la nature d’un vase est susceptible de regards variés, allant de la simple réception jusqu’à une pensée plus élaborée, suivant les occasions et la culture des spectateurs. De plus, Héraclès est le seul personnage de la mythologie grecque à posséder une nature aussi ambiguë, de héros et de dieu. Les imagiers grecs ont donc adapté, sur divers supports, de l’architecture jusqu’aux céramiques, un nombre important de ses exploits, mettant en lumière telle ou telle qualité, souvent en fonction de la nature de l’épisode suscité. Naturellement, le contexte particulier d’une cité, de la situation politique de l’époque et de l’objet en question sont autant de données qui entrent dans l’interprétation des images d’Héraclès aux périodes archaïque et classique de l’Antiquité grecque / Herakles is one of the most important figures in the literature and art of ancient Greece, and he is the subject of a huge mythology as complex as varied. Herakles’ story is developed in the oral traditions and transcribed in the texts, as well as widely put in image. He is profusely represented in attic ceramics, which constitute a polysemic support, making all the variations that allow his complex figure. First, a vase could be seen in differents ways and views : from a simple reception to a more elaborate thought, according to the abilities and the culture of the spectators. Then, Heracles is the only character in Greek mythology who has such an ambiguous nature, of heroes and gods. So the Greek artists have adapted, on various media, from architecture to ceramic, a large number of his deeds, highlighting one quality or an other, depending on which episode is represented. Obviously, in order to interpreting the image of Herakles in the archaic and the classical periods of Greek antiquity, the particular context of a city, the political situation and the object must all be considered.

Architecture in its primitive form enacted a relationship of making between intentions and outcome. Post- industrialized modernization has created a multiplication of complexities, resulting in a profession that has disengaged theory and practice through the specialization of the architect and the craftsman. Design-build has the ability to be an educational process that re-engages a direct dialog and collaboration of the roles of designer and maker, reinforcing the resilience of culture and place through joining intentions and built reality. Design-build projects have the ability to be an integral part of design education because of their ability to engage in physical manifestation that is fundamentally different than formal education of designing through drawing or design at a distance. Exploring the Washington Alexandria Architecture Center's Design-Build ethos as a primary case study, I intend to support this claim by providing evidence of how a Design-Build process can engage the designer, tools, methods, and materials, with the cultural, social, and environmental context that is sensible to place. By utilizing creativity and ingenuity of available resources as an opportunity for adaptation, an organic sense of place is perceptible, the place is created. Representation beyond drawing encourages one to be proactive in connecting the qualities and characteristics of existing space; this leads to a sustainable practice of continued investment in object, materiality, time, and place. Hybrid approaches to design, or the assembly of both design and building as an academic practice, are no longer insular, but are encouraged as a way to interrelate and connect the built environment with its unbuilt opportunities and impressions. / Master of Architecture

Quoi de plus inné que les concepts d’oblique, d’horizontal ou de vertical ? Pour nous, moderne, ces concepts fondamentaux sont la base de tout notre système de pensée, tant mathématique qu’artistique. Tout porterait à croire que ces principes soient présents dans la civilisation grecque, dont nous nous réclamons les héritiers. Ce n’est pourtant pas une évidence au vu des textes qui nous ont été rapportés. Homère n’a pas connu le concept d’oblique – aucun mot ne saurait le traduire dans la langue de son époque. Et même plus tard. Les Grecs ont cinq adjectifs pour signifier approximativement l’oblique : λοξός, πλάγιος, λέχριος, σκολιός et δόχμιος. Chaque discipline (cosmologie, optique, géographie, artistique, etc.) a sa façon d’appréhender ces cinq termes, qui ne recouvrent à chaque fois que partiellement notre notion d’oblique. Paradoxalement, ce que le langage écrit n’a pas synthétisé se retrouve en abondance dans l’imagerie. Plus surprenant encore, l’oblique dans l’image, que nous considérons comme signe du mouvement dans notre langage iconographique, se retrouve aussi bien pour signifier le mouvement que le repos. Deux monuments de l’art grec attirent notre attention sur ce nouveau paradoxe : la frise du Mausolée d’Halicarnasse et l’Athéna Pensive. A chaque fois l’oblique est présente, à chaque fois elle porte deux sens bien distincts. Ces deux formes de langage, écrit et imagé, apportent un éclairage différent, et pour le moins complémentaire, sur la façon dont les Grecs de l’Antiquité ont appréhendé (ou non) le concept d’oblique. / What could be more innate than the concepts of oblique, horizontal or vertical ? For us, modern, these three concepts are the basis of our whole system of thought, both mathematical and artistic. It would appear to be obvious that these principles are present in the Greek civilization, whose we claim the heirs. However that isn't so obvious in view of the texts that have survived. Homer didn’t know the concept of oblique - no words can translate it into the language of his time. And even later. The Greeks have five adjectives to mean approximately oblique : λοξός, πλάγιος, λέχριος, σκολιός and δόχμιος. Each discipline (cosmology, optic, geography, art, etc.) has its own way of looking at these five words, which cover partially our notion of oblique. Paradoxically, what the written language has not synthesized, can be found in many images. Even more surprising, the oblique in the image, which we consider as a sign of movement in our iconographic language, is found both here to signify the movement than the rest. Two monuments of Greek art call our attention to this new paradox : the frieze of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus and the Mourning Athena. In each of them the oblique ligne is present, and wears two distinct senses. These two forms of language, written and pictorial, bring a different perspective, furthermore complementary, on how the ancient Greeks apprehended (or not) the concept of oblique.