Organizations around the world are choosing to work more process-oriented due to the benefits that this approach provides. Lantmäteriet (Swedish Land Survey Authority), which is a function-based authority, has the ambition to achieve a higher process maturity and therefore, their process-oriented work needs to be improved. The purpose of the study is to investigate how process-oriented work functions in a function-driven organization and to identify some success factors that can contribute to a higher degree of process-oriented operations. Methods like interviews and benchmarking have been conducted to find out how other authorities work and to identify relevant success factors.   After processing the interviews, success factors have been identified in their process-oriented work. Relevant key performance indicators, knowledge and understanding of the process by management, and an agile approach are all examples of factors that can increase the process maturity of an authority. The study is primarily aimed at contributing to Lantmäteriets ambitions, but the empirical and theoretical framework that has been developed can also contribute to other Swedish authorities' ambitions to achieve higher process maturity. Since Swedish authorities need to consider Sweden's law and guidelines, and they are designed in a specific way, the study must limit itself to find success factors that are more applicable to Lantmäteriet. / Organisationer runt om i världen väljer att börja jobba mer processorienterat på grund av de fördelar som arbetssättet bidrar med. Lantmäteriet, som är en funktionsstyrd myndighet har ambitionen att nå en högre processmognad och då behöver deras processorienterade arbete förbättras. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur processorienterat arbete fungerar i en funktionsstyrd verksamhet, samt att peka på några framgångsfaktorer som kan bidra till en högre grad av processorienterad verksamhet. Metoder som intervjuer och benchmarking har genomförts för att veta hur andra myndigheter arbetar och för att kunna identifiera relevanta framgångsfaktorer.   Efter bearbetning av intervjuerna genomförts har framgångsfaktorer kunnat identifieras i deras processorienterade arbetssätt. Relevanta mätetal, kunskap och förståelse hos ledning om processarbetet och ett agilt arbetssätt är alla exempel på faktorer som kan öka processmognaden hos en myndighet. Studien är främst inriktad på att bidra till Lantmäteriets ambitioner men den empiri och teori som tagits fram kan även bidra till andra svenska myndigheters ambitioner att nå en högre processmognad. Eftersom svenska myndigheter behöver ta hänsyn till Sveriges lagar och riktlinjer samt att de är utformade på ett speciellt sätt, så har studien behövt avgränsa sig till myndigheter för att hitta framgångsfaktorer som är mer applicerbara på Lantmäteriet.

This thesis uses the uniform of the Stó:lō First Nation’s Lower Fraser Fishing Authority as a cultural, material item to inform and discuss Indigenous-Crown relationships, the history of the community the object belongs to, and the meaning that the object holds for that community. I use the uniform to argue that a single object can hold complex and contradictory meanings that can inform cultural history and relationships. This thesis adds to the historiography of the use of artifacts as an object of study, the history of the Lower Fraser Fishing Authority, and also larger discussions of Indigenous-Crown relationships in Canada. / Graduate

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That nurse practitioners (NPs) delivery high-quality care, equivalent to that provided by physicians, is well documented. However, many states have laws that restrict NPs from full practice authority, limiting their ability to comprehensively meet patient needs. North Carolina is a state that has very restrictive laws, with NPs working under physician supervision. In this article we address the effect restricted practice has had in North Carolina and the introduction of Senate Bill 695 (the Modernize Nursing Practice Act) that, if passed, would legislate full practice authority for NPs in our state.

Students do not always evaluate explanations based on the mathematics despite their teacher's effort to be the guide-on-the-side and delegate evaluation to the students. This case study examined how the use of three features of the Discourse—authority, sociomathematical norms, and classroom mathematical practices—impacted students' evaluation and contributed to students' failure to evaluate. By studying three pre-service elementary school students' evaluation methods, it was found that the students applied different types of each of the features of the Discourse and employed them at different times. The way that the features of the Discourse were used contributed to some of the difficulties that the participants experienced in their evaluation of explanations. The results suggest that researchers in the field must come to believe that resistance to teaching methods is not the only reason for student failure to evaluate mathematical explanations and that authority is operating in the classroom even when the teacher is acting as the guide on the side. The framework developed for the study will be valuable for researchers who continue to use for their investigation of individual student's participation in mathematical activity.

The aim of this study was to examine how the police authority in Malmö works with crime prevention against juvenile delinquency. Furthermore, the study refers to questions regarding cooperation with other authorities such as the social services, schools, youth recreation centers and property owners. Consistent throughout the study is to reproduce the police officer's own thought about various forms of preventive measurses that they carry out in their daily work. In order for the police to be able to work preventively, it is important for them to be able to identify young people at risk for developing a criminal identity. The study presents various forms of preventive measurses such as situational crime prevention, social crime prevention and community prevention, which have different meanings and outcomes in the police's daily work. Situational crime prevention is used as a tool to reduce or make it more difficult for crimes to be committed in certain prime locations. Furthermore, questions about the police officers' own opinions about camera surveillance and visitation zones are discussed. Social crime prevention involves a long-term approach with a high police presence at schools, youth recreation centers and in residental areas. Community preventive measures involve neighbourhood watch, informative meetings with communtity citizens and safe residental areas. The results show that relationship building and cooperation with other authourities are the most important building blocks for successful preventive work regarding juvenile delinquency.

[pt] A dissertação pretende trabalhar um caminho possível para o exercício de uma autoridade genuinamente cristã por parte das lideranças eclesiásticas, frente ao desafiador cenário em que se encontram na contemporaneidade. Para isso, primeiramente é feita a conceituação da expressão liderança, a fim de situar os termos da pesquisa, aproximando-a em seguida do contexto teológico na definição de liderança eclesiástica e o papel do líder religioso. Na sequência, é desenvolvida uma leitura do cenário contemporâneo a partir dos conceitos de mudança epocal, pós-modernidade e modernidade líquida, todos com ênfase nos impactos que suas peculiares características geram para o líder cristão. Por fim, aponta-se a necessidade urgente de uma proposta de genuíno caminho a seguir frente a este contexto. Esta proposta é construída a partir da combinação das duas ideias que regem majoritariamente este trabalho: o conceito da autoridade dos que sofrem, trabalhado pela teóloga austríaca Martha Zechmeister, em que é apresentada a proposta de uma autoridade libertadora em contraposição ao conceito de poder impositivo; e o conceito bíblico de liderança servidora, expresso na pessoa e obra de Jesus como paradigma de uma liderança que gera transformação individual e comunitária, especialmente fundamentada no episódio do lava pés relatado em João capítulo 13. A partir destes conceitos, e frente a um difícil cenário em que se encontram as lideranças eclesiásticas no presente tempo, é que nasce a perspectiva da autoridade dos que servem, que busca uma retomada de um caminho cristão a ser seguido para o exercício de uma liderança autêntica e contextualizada. / [en] The dissertation intends to work on a possible path for the exercise of a genuinely Christian authority by the ecclesiastical leaders, facing the challenging scenario where they find themselves in contemporary times. For this, initially the conceptualization of the expression leadership is made, in order to situate the terms of the research, approaching it next to the theological context in the definition of ecclesiastical leadership and the role of the religious leader. Then, a reading of the contemporary scenario is developed from the concepts of epochal change, postmodernity and liquid-modernity, all with emphasis on the impacts that their peculiar characteristics generate for the Christian leader. Finally, there is an urgent need for a proposal for a genuine way forward in this context. This is built from two ideas that mainly govern this work of the authority of those who suffer, the concept worked by the Austrian theologian Martha Zechmeister, in which it is presented to the proposal of an authority in opposition to the concept of imposing power; and the biblical concept of leadership, expressed in the work of Jesus as a paradigm of community leadership that generates individual transformation and, episode of washing feet reported in John chapter 13. They are found as leaderships and exercises that serve, as a perspective in time, is that the search author resumes a Christian path to be followed for the exercise of a difficulty in which nascent and contextualized presents a search for leadership of a difficulty in which nascent and contextualized.

The thesis investigates how a blockchain can be used to build a decentralised public key infrastructure for the web, by proposing a custom federation blockchain relying on honest majority. Our main contribution is the design of a Proof of Stake protocol based on a stake tree, which builds upon an idea called follow-the-satoshi used in previous papers. Digital identities are stored in an authenticated self-balancing tree maintained by blockchain nodes. Our back-of-the-envelope calculations, based on the size of the domain name system, show that the block size must be set to at least 5.2 MB, while each blockchain node with a one-month transaction history would need to store about 243 GB. Thin clients would have to synchronise about 13.6 MB of block headers per year, and download an additional 3.7 KB of proof data for every leaf certificate which is to be checked. / Uppsatsen undersöker hur en blockkedja kan användas för att bygga en decentraliserad publik nyckel-infrastruktur för webben. Vi ger ett designförslag på en blockkedja som drivs av en pålitlig grupp av noder, där en majoritet antas vara ärliga. Vårt huvudsakliga bidrag är utformningen av ett Proof of Stake-protokoll baserat på ett staketräd, vilket bygger på en idé som kallas follow-the-satoshi omnämnd i tidigare publikationer. Digitala identiteter sparas i ett autentiserat, självbalanserande träd som underhålls av noder anslutna till blockkedjenätverket. Våra preliminära beräkningar baserade på storleken av DNS-systemet visar att blockstorleken måste sättas till åtminstone 5.2 MB, medan varje nod med en månads transaktionshistorik måste spara ungefär 243 GB. Webbläsare och andra resurssnåla klienter måste synkronisera 13.6 MB data per år, och ladda ner ytterligare 3.7 KB för varje användarcertifikat som skall valideras.

AbstractArbetet, som är skrivet av Martina Filling och Therese Rasmusson, handlar om synen på lärarens förändrade fostransroll mellan 1946 och 1962. Titeln på arbetet är En förändrad lärarroll och syftet är att undersöka vilka olika perspektiv som existerade i diskussionen om lärarrollens fostransuppdrag mellan 1946 och 1962. För att uppnå ett resultat och dra en slutsats har två tidskrifter använts som källor, vilka publicerades under den tidsperiod undersökningen ämnar undersöka. Utvalda artiklar ur tidskrifterna granskades och sammanfördes till en textanalys. Materialet för textanalysen består av lärartidningarna Skola och samhälle och Svensk lärartidning. Resultatet i studien visar på att debatten kring lärarens fostransroll har varit livlig och delad. Agan som bestraffningsmedel var omtvistat, då vissa ville ha kvar systemet och andra ville hitta nya metoder som ersättning. Lärarna kände en rädsla över att förlora den självklara ledarrollen efter agans avskaffande och samtidigt diskuterade experterna pedagogiska verktyg till hur läraren kunde agera i fostransuppdraget.Nyckelord: Aga, auktoritet, disciplin, fostran, omsorg. / AbstractThe work, which was written by Martina Filing Therese Rasmussen, is about the perception of the teacher changed fostransroll between 1946 and 1962. The title of the work is a changing roles and the purpose is to explore the different perspectives that exist in the discussion of teacher roles task of character formation between 1946 and 1962. In order to achieve a result and draw a conclusion, the two journals used as sources, which were published during the period of investigation to conduct an examination. Selected articles from the journals were reviewed and were brought to a text analysis. The material on text analysis consists of teacher newspapers School and Society and the Swedish Teachers Journal. The results of the study show that the debate about teacher fostransroll has been lively and shared. Spanking as punishment medium was contentious, as some wanted to maintain the system and wanted to find new methods of compensation. The teachers felt a fear of losing the natural leadership role after the abolition spankings while experts debated educational tools to how the teacher could act in fostransuppdraget.Keyword: Aga, authority, discipline, education, social services.

I denna studie har jag försökt få en ökad kunskap om hur biståndshandläggare upplever samt hur dessa hanterar makten i sina arbeten som myndighetsutövare. För att kunna uppnå mitt syfte har jag intervjuat fyra biståndshandläggare inom samma kommun som alla arbetar mot lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade (LSS). Intervjumaterialet har jag analyserat utifrån Michel Foucaults relationella maktbegrepp. Det visade sig att informanterna inte reflekterade över makten utan fokuserar istället på den enskilde brukarens behov av diverse hjälpinsatser från kommunen. / In this study, I have tried to get an increased knowledge about administrators’ experiences about how they deal with power on their jobs as public authorities. To achieve my goal, I have interviewed four administrators within the same county, all working towards The Act concerning Support & Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments. The interview material has been analyzed by using Michael Foucault's relational power concept. It turned out that the informants did not reflect upon the power, but focused instead on the individual clients’ needs of various relief efforts from the municipality.