我國銀行保險起始於一九九○年代，正式發展則於二○○一年金融控股公司法通過之後，期間經過許多金融保險法規的修訂與鬆綁，使得我國銀行保險業務蓬勃發展。時至今日，銀行保險已成為壽險業界最重要之行銷管道。 就市場現況觀之，銀行保險大多採取轉投資保經代公司或簽訂銷售協議模式經營：前者為三方架構之間接模式，亦即銀行透過保險經紀人（或代理人）公司，間接與保險公司進行業務合作；後者為兩方架構之直接模式，亦即銀行直接與保險公司進行業務合作。因應上述市場運作，主管機關雖訂有相關監理法令以資規範，但仍產生下列問題： 1. 銀行銷售保險商品之法律依據為何？ 2. 銀行保險業務究竟為銀行或保險公司業務？監理管轄如何劃分？ 3. 銀行保險業務發生法律爭議，銀行通路之責任歸屬是否明確？ 4. 銀行通路之權責是否與其實質利益相符合？ 5. 銀行轉投資保險經紀人或代理人公司是否妥當？ 6. 銀行銷售保險商品過程，消費者資訊及隱私權之保護是否產生缺漏？ 本文以為，此等法律疑義若無法釐清，將嚴重影響消費者權益、市場發展與監理效率。本文建議主管機關應修訂相關法規，調整現行銀行保險之經營架構、開放銀行得兼營保險經紀人及保險代理人業務、確認銀行職員或理財專員之登錄公司為銀行，以建立權責相符的銀行保險架構。如此方能避免消費爭議，創造消費者、銀行及保險公司三贏之局面。 / Bancassurance was introduced in Taiwan in the 1990s and officially recognized by the regulatory authority after the enactment of the Financial Holding Company Act in 2001. Thanks to a series of regulatory reforms and de-regulation, it grew significantly in business volume. Today, bancassurance is the most important channel for life insurance companies. In light of market practices, two kinds of business models are currently adopted by banks for their bancassurance business: i.e. investing insurance intermediary companies or signing marketing agreement. The former, a tripartite model, benefits banks indirectly to carry on bancassurance through their insurance intermediary (broker or agent) subsidiaries; the later, a bilateral model, means that banks can enter into an agreement directly with insurance undertakings to sell insurance products. Responding to the market practices, certain regulations for bancassurance are promulgated by the regulatory authority. However, there still exist some legal issues as obstacles and hurdles against the market, including the legal basis of bancassurance, the allocation of the regulatory jurisdiction, the accountability and responsibility of banks, the appropriateness of bank’s holding an insurance intermediary company, the leakage in the protection of consumers’ interests and privacy in sales and so on. It may result in negative impacts toward the protection of consumer interests, the development of the market, and the effectiveness of the supervision system if the aforesaid can not be clarified. It is submitted that the regulatory authority shall revise the relevant regulations to adjust operation mechanism in market, let banks operate the same as an insurance broker (or agent), and confirm that bank employee shall register as insurance solicitors of banks. Under such a scenario, banks could be fully responsible as a distribution channel, so that consumption issues could be avoided and an all-wins relation among consumer, bank and insurance company could be achieved.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo da natureza jurídica do saldo de conta (aqui designado como reserva matemática) de que o participante é titular durante a fase de acumulação de um plano de Contribuição Variável de entidade aberta de previdência privada. O tema foi desenvolvido à luz do Direito do Seguro, por meio do confronto dos elementos jurídicos e técnicos dos contratos de seguros privados com os dos contratos previdenciários privados, e ainda levando em consideração a evolução dos produtos de previdência privada e seguros no contexto do bancassurance. Dada a escassez de literatura nacional específica sobre o tema, o estudo foi realizado com o suporte do Direito Comparado. / The present work aims to study the legal nature of \"account balance\" (herein referred as \"mathematical reserves\") that the participant holds during the accumulation phase of a variable contribution retirement plan. The subject was developed according to Insurance Law, by confronting the legal and technical elements of private insurance contracts with retirement plan contracts, and considering the evolution of retirement plans and insurance products in the context of bancassurance. Given the lack of specific literature on this subject in Brazil, this study was conducted with the support of Comparative Law.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo da natureza jurídica do saldo de conta (aqui designado como reserva matemática) de que o participante é titular durante a fase de acumulação de um plano de Contribuição Variável de entidade aberta de previdência privada. O tema foi desenvolvido à luz do Direito do Seguro, por meio do confronto dos elementos jurídicos e técnicos dos contratos de seguros privados com os dos contratos previdenciários privados, e ainda levando em consideração a evolução dos produtos de previdência privada e seguros no contexto do bancassurance. Dada a escassez de literatura nacional específica sobre o tema, o estudo foi realizado com o suporte do Direito Comparado. / The present work aims to study the legal nature of \"account balance\" (herein referred as \"mathematical reserves\") that the participant holds during the accumulation phase of a variable contribution retirement plan. The subject was developed according to Insurance Law, by confronting the legal and technical elements of private insurance contracts with retirement plan contracts, and considering the evolution of retirement plans and insurance products in the context of bancassurance. Given the lack of specific literature on this subject in Brazil, this study was conducted with the support of Comparative Law.

This study investigated the relationships between personality, ability, biographical and sociographical factors on the one hand and criterion measures of job-relevant behaviour on the other. The aim of the study was to isolate success-predicting factors for a Personal Financial Advisor in a South African Bancassurance operation. The research was done by means of a criterion-related concurrent validation study. The sample consisted of 185 advisors with two years or longer sales tenure in the position. Predictor variables included measurement on a 20-dimension competency model, an ability assessment and 17 biographical and sociographical variables related to the position. Criterion variables included production figures and managerial ratings on advisor performance. Meaningful predictors for the success of financial advisors were found for personality, ability, biographical and sociographical variables, and the results confirmed the hypothesised competency model derived from a job analysis. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

有鑑於台灣銀行保險市場重要性之提升，金融各界皆高度關注銀行保險市場的發展，然而國內尚缺乏專業客觀的指標以全面地衡量銀行保險市場，僅能就每月公布之新契約保費收入數據觀察銀行保險市場。因此本研究目的為建置多元化銀行保險市場指標，分別為總體經濟因素指標、銀行保險業務趨勢指標與市場專業意見指標，以提供市場各界評估銀行保險市場之發展。 　 總體經濟因素指標部分，本研究利用多元迴歸模型，分析對於我國銀行保險市場有顯著影響力的因子，包括一年期定存利率、景氣對策信號分數、超額儲蓄率、金融保險業從業人員數與台灣整體銀行分行數等，並據以建置總體經濟因素指標。銀行保險業務趨勢指標部分，本研究利用移動平均法，觀測銀行保險市場的業務趨勢，以長短期均線比較方式，用以建構評估銀行保險業務變動趨勢。　　市場專業意見指標部分，本研究蒐集彙整銀行保險市場專業經理人及從業人員之意見，以建構市場專業意見指標，透過上述三項指標提供市場更完整專業的市場資訊與預測工具，使本研究建置之指標不僅於量化數據而兼顧質化意見。 / Bancassurance is unquestionably one of the most important trend in Taiwan’s financial market, and has received much attention from both researchers and policymakers. The aim of this article is to construct bancassurance indicators for Taiwan, which provide more diverse and professional ways to measure and predict bancassurance market. We build three indicators, they are about the influence of macroeconomic factors, the trend in bancassurance, and the professional advice from bancassurance experts, and we name them Macro-indicator, Trend-indicator, and Expert-indicator respectively. Every indicator are built with different methods, the Macro-indicator is constructed by creating a multiple regression model that is using first year premium for bancassurance as a dependent variable with macroeconomic factors as predictor variables, which are 1-year interest rate, monitoring indicator, excess saving rate, number of employees in financial market, and number of bank branches in Taiwan. Also, we use the concept of moving average method in technical analysis to develop the Trend-indicator, which can be used to examine trends and patterns as well as infer future trends by observing the momentum in bancassurance market. To　provide the market more insights, we set up an electronic platform to collect professional advices and ideas from bancassurance experts so that we could understand bancassurance market condition and direction more objectively.

This study investigated the relationships between personality, ability, biographical and sociographical factors on the one hand and criterion measures of job-relevant behaviour on the other. The aim of the study was to isolate success-predicting factors for a Personal Financial Advisor in a South African Bancassurance operation. The research was done by means of a criterion-related concurrent validation study. The sample consisted of 185 advisors with two years or longer sales tenure in the position. Predictor variables included measurement on a 20-dimension competency model, an ability assessment and 17 biographical and sociographical variables related to the position. Criterion variables included production figures and managerial ratings on advisor performance. Meaningful predictors for the success of financial advisors were found for personality, ability, biographical and sociographical variables, and the results confirmed the hypothesised competency model derived from a job analysis. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

投資型商品是近幾年來壽險業的新興戰場，壽險經營者不但對投資型商品未來的發展深具信心，也對多元通路銷售投資型商品抱持樂觀其成以及積極促成的態度；但主管機關雖針對熱絡的投資型商品市場陸續推出（修正）相關規範，卻並未使得日漸升高的申訴率得以降溫，本研究擬就投資型商品通路與申訴率問題探討壽險經營者以及主管機關可調整改善的方向。 各通路銷售投資型商品有其不同的特性與優勢，目前業者仍以業務大軍以及銀行保險（理財專員）為銷售投資型商品的主要通路；而以金管會保險局的申訴統計資料分析後也歸納出三點重要的結論：（1）自引進投資型商品以來，壽險業非理賠類的申訴率就居高不下；（2）近三年來，越是以投資型商品為主力商品的業者其申訴率（非理賠類）也相對較高；（3）以多元化通路（銀行理財專員、保險經紀人）銷售投資型商品的業者其申訴率也較僅以業務人員通路銷售投資型商品的業者為高。 現行投資型商品申訴的問題多與資訊不對稱以及銷售誤導相關，因此，建議壽險業者應從商品規劃以及銷售管理上預防投資型商品申訴問題的發生；主管機關則應從投資型商品銷售通路特性與問題訂定相關的監理規範，才能有效匡正不當銷售的問題。也唯有健全此市場的經營、提升壽險業正面的品牌形象及改善社會大眾對投資型商品負面的觀感，投資型商品市場才有更長遠經營的希望。 / Investment-linked product is becoming a popular insurance product in the recent years. Many insurance companies holds great confidence in the development of this product, and encourages the growing sales of investment-linked product thru multiple channels. The governing authorities continuously publishing new regulations or making amendments to better manage the product and the process. However, the statistics showed regulatory requirements did not help to reduce the investment-linked product compliant ratio. By analyzing the sales channels and complaint ratio, this study wishes to put forward recommendations for the governing authorities and the insurers to improve the complaint ratios. Different sales channel is characterized by its specialty and strength. Currently, investment-linked products are being sold thru agency and bancassurance channels. According to the publicly released statistic of insurance compliant by Insurance Bureau of Financial Supervisor Committee (FSC), there are three main issues: 1.Non-claim compliant ratio remains high since the inception of investment-linked product. 2.In the recent three years, insurance companies whose sales are mostly investment-linked product have higher ratio of non-claim compliant. 3.Bancassurance and brokerage channels experience higher ratio of non-claim compliant comparing to agency channel when selling investment-linked product. Complaints of investment-linked product in the life insurance companies mostly resulted from improper selling and misrepresented or misleading information. Thus, suggestions for insurers and the governing authorities are followed: 1.For insurers, they have to revisit their product design methodology, and also need to manage and educate each channel to prevent the occurrence of insurance compliant. 2.For authorities, the regulatory focus should be channel specific since channels operate differently. Only when improper selling and misrepresenting issues are being addressed, and customer’s image for investment-link product being corrected, then we can see light and hope in the growing needs of investment-linked product.

雖自1978年開始，但是從1992年鄧小平的南方談話後，中國大陸才正式進入改革開放時期，並持續20年至今。如今，中國已成為一個小康社會。"私有"的概念取代"國有"的概念是社會的一個巨大驅動力。 隨著市場經濟的腳步，保險業加入市場，並成為社會上一個穩定的力量。在這二十年中，壽險業是中國發展最快的行業之一。因為了解這股社會穩定力量的重要性，中國政府制定並頒布了許多法規，並推動保險業積極參與整個金融體系。 　　在全球化環境以及WTO的架構下，中國政府透過完善法制，加速開放腳步以吸引外國投資。如今，中國的保險市場已達到一定的規模。銀行險保為中國壽險市場帶來持續性的增長，並且對於保險公司的保費收入發揮重要作用。 　　我們建議，中國政府應注意仍然存在的壟斷局面，風險管理，以及利率的變化，以避免在未來的利差損問題。現在外資保險公司只佔較小的市場份額，如果情況持續存在，這並不利於金融體系的發展。跨業之間風險互相影響傳遞的可能性，將一天一天增加，因此，政府應創造良好的金融環境，也應對於風險控管持續關注。 / Started in 1978, but after Deng’s Southern Speech in 1992, Mainland China officially entered an evolution and opening year, which last 20 years till now. Nowadays China is a moderately prosperous society. The change of the concept "private" replaces "state-owned" is a huge driven power for the society. Following the market economy step, insurance industry joins and become a stable power to the society. In the two decades, life insurance industry is one of the fastest developing industries in China. Understanding how important the stable power for the society, the Chinese government enacts many regulations and pushes insurance industry to actively join the whole financial system. Under globalization environment and WTO structure, Chinese government accelerates the open steps by perfect legal system and attracts foreign investment. Nowadays China’s insurance market reaches a certain scale. Bancassurance brings continuous growth of China’s life insurance market and keep playing important role for insurer’s premium income. This study suggests that the Chinese government should pay more attention on monopoly situation, risk management, and the changes of interest rate to avoid negative spread problem in the future. Foreign insurers nowadays only accounted for minor market share which is not good for the development for the financial system if the situation exists continuously. The probabilities of risk transmission across industries will increase day by day; therefore, the government should create a sound financial environment and also keep their eyes on risk control.