Orientador: Miriam Dupas Hubinger / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:59:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garcia_LorenaCosta_D.pdf: 22115724 bytes, checksum: c861960aaac99c842236e9c6c73a593e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: No Brasil, o manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) é utilizado tanto in natura como para processamento industrial, visando a obtenção do óleo essencial, que possui como principais compostos aromáticos o linalol, 1,8-cineol (ou eucaliptol) e a cânfora. O objetivo neste trabalho foi microencapsular o óleo essencial de manjericão, através da secagem por atomização em spray-dryer, visando a proteção dos compostos aromáticos. Para isso, uma combinação de materiais de parede foi utilizada: goma arábica, maltodextrina (MD) + isolado proteico de soja (IPS) e maltodextrina + concentrado proteico de soro de leite (CPS). Numa primeira etapa foi realizado um planejamento experimental para o material de parede goma arábica (30% de sólidos) visando avaliar o efeito das variáveis (%) óleo:sólidos totais (10 ¿ 25 %) e pressão de homogeneização (0 ¿ 100 MPa) nas propriedades das emulsões e partículas obtidas. Na segunda etapa do trabalho foram produzidas emulsões e partículas com todos os materiais de parede, utilizando-se 10% de óleo em relação aos sólidos totais e pressões de homogeneização de 0 e 50 MPa, condições estas estabelecidas a partir dos resultados obtidos na primeira etapa do projeto. As partículas resultantes de emulsões homogeneizadas a 50 MPa apresentaram maior retenção de óleo, menor teor de óleo superficial e, consequentemente, maior eficiência de encapsulação, independentemente do material de parede utilizado, evidenciando o efeito positivo da homogeneização a alta pressão. Dentre os três compostos aromáticos avaliados, o linalol foi o retido em maior concentração, mostrando sua maior estabilidade quando comparado com o eucaliptol e a cânfora. Com base nos resultados obtidos nesta segunda etapa e também avaliando a questão econômica (custo dos materiais de parede), os materiais de parede goma arábica, MD:IPS (75:25) e MD:CPS (75:25) foram selecionados para a terceira etapa do trabalho. Avaliou-se a estabilidade das micropartículas ao serem armazenadas por 60 dias em potes herméticos à 25 ºC e 50 ºC e em umidade relativa de 50%, a 25 ºC. Concluiu-se que a microencapsulação de óleo essencial de manjericão é indicada quando a finalidade é o uso deste óleo em produtos nos quais há dificuldade de incorporação de materiais líquidos ou em produtos a serem armazenados em ambiente com elevada umidade relativa / Abstract: In Brazil, the basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is used both fresh and for processing in order to obtain the essential oil, which has as main aromatic compounds linalool, 1,8-cineol (or eucalyptol) and camphor. The objective of this study was to microencapsulate basil essential oil by spray-drying, seeking the protection of aromatic compounds. For this, tree wall materials were studied: gum Arabic, maltodextrin (MD) + protein, that could be either soy protein isolate (SPI) or whey protein concentrated (WPC). In a first step an experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of the variables oil:total solids rate (10 ¿ 25 %) and homogenization pressure (0 ¿ 100 MPa), on emulsions and particles, using gum Arabic (30% solids) as wall material. On the second stage of the study, emulsions and particles were produced with all the wall materials, using 10% oil in relation to total solids content and emulsions homogenization pressures of 0 and 50 MPa, conditions established based on the results obtained in the first stage of this study. The particles obtained from emulsions homogenized at 50 MPa had higher oil retention, low surface oil, and hence higher encapsulation efficiency regardless of the wall material used, showing the positive effect of high pressure homogenization. Among the three compounds evaluated, linalool was retained in higher concentrations, indicating its higher stability when compared with eucalyptol and camphor. Based on the results obtained in this second stage and also evaluating the economic issue (wall materials costs), the wall materials gum Arabic, MD: IPS (75:25) and MD: CPS (75:25) were selected for the third stage of the study. The stability of the particles stored for 60 days at airtight recipients at 25 ºC and 50 ºC and at relative humidity of 50%, at 25ºC was evaluated. It was concluded that the microencapsulation of Basil essential oil is suitable when the purpose is the use of this oil in products in which the incorporation of liquid materials is difficult or products to be stored in an environment with high relative humidity / Doutorado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Doutora em Engenharia de Alimentos

The increasing cultural diversity in the United States has brought not only richness, but also complex challenges, to various segments of American society, particularly with regard to public schools. As the student population continues to diversify while teacher population remains predominately White, female, and middle class, teacher awareness in the classroom might be an integral piece to assist students marginalized by stereotypes in feeling more empowered in the school community. Through qualitative data collection and analysis, and framed by Basil Bernstein’s language code theory, this study explored teachers’ perceptions of how classroom interactions, in light of differences in communication, might impact students of different socio-economic backgrounds from the teacher. The findings of this study indicated that the participants expressed a desire to connect with all of their students, regardless of their background. They also discussed challenges that made relationships difficult, such as feelings of disconnect from their Title I students and their families based on differences in home life and background. This dissonance was often difficult for the participants to reconcile due to pressures and difficulties in their teaching situations, such as the large number of students and the scheduling of classes, curricular pressures, and other district expectations such as after-school ensembles. Implications for practicing music teachers and teacher education include ways to understand students’ communities and rethinking ways of approaching relevant terminology in education.

Syftet med undersökningen är att belysa hur svensklärare förhåller sig till klass samt huruvida klassperspektivet påverkar lärarnas beskrivna praktik. Syftet utmynnar i följande frågeställningar: o  Vilken signifikans tillskrivs klassperspektivet i svensklärarnas artiklar? o  Vilka kopplingar går att utläsa mellan lärarnas förhållande till klassperspektiv och deras beskrivna praktik som lärare? Materialet i undersökningen utgörs av artiklar författade av svensklärare i Svensklärarföreningens publikationer, tidskriften Svenskläraren  samt Svensklärarföreningens årsskrift , åren 2014–2020. En diskursanalytisk metod inspirerad av James Paul Gee används för att analysera materialet och den teoretiska utgångspunkten utgörs av utbildningssociologen Basil Bernsteins begrepp begränsad och elaborerad kod samt horisontell och vertikal diskurs. Undersökningen visar för det första att det är ovanligt att lärarna uttryckligen skriver om klass. För det andra visar undersökningen att svensklärarna genom sina beskrivna praktiker kan sägas tillskriva klass en betydelse men att denna inte anses avgörande för elevers möjligheter att lyckas i skolan. Detta eftersom lärarna på olika sätt uttrycker att det är möjligt att inkludera alla elever i sin undervisning genom en fungerande praktik. / The aim of this study is to illustrate how teachers of Swedish relate to class and whether the notion of class affect the practice described by the teachers. The following questions are used to attain the purpose of the study: o  What significance is attributed to the notion of class in the articles written by the teachers? o  Which connections are made between the teacher’s notion of class and the descriptions of their practices as teachers? The material consists of articles written by teachers of Swedish in the publications by Svensklärarföreningen, the journal Svenskläraren  and the annual Svensklärarföreningens årsskrift , during the years 2014-2020. A discourse analytic method, inspired by James Paul Gee, is used to analyze the material and the theoretical base consists of the educational sociologist Basil Bernstein’s concepts of the restricted and elaborated code, as well as the horizontal and vertical discourse. The study shows, that it is unusual for the teachers to explicitly write about class. Secondly, the study shows that the Swedish teachers, through their described practices, can be said to attribute class a significance, but that this is not considered to be decisive for the students’ opportunities to succeed in school. This since the teachers express, in different ways, a possibility to include all students in the teaching through a functioning practice.

This study is positioned in the context of the South African higher education landscape, which is currently grappling with issues of access and inequality. Online education is one of the potential approaches to expand access to South African students, but has often been met with skepticism as to its pedagogical quality, and has been perceived as an inferior alternative to traditional contact education. A comparative research design is followed in which two courses within a postgraduate marketing management qualification at a South African public university are compared. This qualification is offered in both contact and online format. The same courses within different modes of education are compared, as well as different courses within the same mode of education. A coding system was created based on Basil Bernstein’s concepts of framing and classification, and the courses were compared based on various dimensions of framing and classification. The study aimed to explore the affordances and limitations of both contact and online education. It was found that the ‘sequence’ and ‘pace’ aspects of framing are impacted by mode of education, with the online learning environment allowing students more agency in determining the pace and sequence of their learning. The ‘hierarchical rules’ aspect of framing is also impacted by mode, with the online courses offering an inherently non-hierarchical learning environment. It was found that weaker framing over these elements can present either an affordance or limitation, depending on the subject matter, with some types of subject matter being well suited to weaker framing over sequence, pace, and hierarchical rules, and others being constrained by it.

Examensarbetet behandlar innehåll i idrott och hälsa 1 och dess relation till likvärdig utbildning. Likvärdig utbildning är en del av skollagen, samtidigt finns det inget definierat begrepp från svenska myndigheter vad det innebär. Tidigare forskning om idrott och hälsa i skolan visar på att ämnet innehåller fysisk aktivitet, bollspel och praktiska moment. Syftet med arbetet är undersöka hur lärares planering och val av undervisningsinnehåll påverkar likvärdig utbildning.Undersökningen bygger på kvantitativ data som är visualiserad genom en univariate data analysis. Materialet är termins-och årsplaneringar från lärare i idrott och hälsa 1. Resultaten analyserades med teori utvecklad av Basil Bernstein. Begreppen som användes för analysen var the pedagogical device, framing of knowledge och vertical & horizontal discourse. Resultaten visar på att lärare väljer ut olika sorters innehåll och ämnesfokus. De visar även på att lärare arbetar med mycket praktiska moment och att få av lektionerna är kopplade till kursplanen. Analysen visar på att lärare i idrott och hälsa 1 har olika förståelse hur de olika ämnesområdena inom idrott och hälsa bygger på varandra och är relaterade till varandra, lärarna har stor kontroll över hur undervisningen är strukturerad och vilket innehåll som förekommer. Slutsatsen argumenterar för att utbildningen inte är likvärdig på grund av lärarnas val, yttre faktorer och ämnets struktur.

<p>This thesis comprises the first full-length study of Gregory of Nazianzus's theology of the Holy Spirit. Gregory was a major political and intellectual figure during the pneumatological controversies of the late Fourth Century. Gregory is the first author whose works are extant to declare that “the Holy Spirit is God” in so many words. He advocated, against leading figures including Basil of Caesarea, that such a declaration should be made by the Church, but largely met with failure in his lifetime. Yet, Gregory's affirmation of the Spirit's divinity was eventually to be embraced by nearly all Christians, and it remains so today. Despite these facts, Gregory is usually treated by historians as a minor influence on Fourth Century pneumatology. This thesis will not necessarily challenge this assessment, but will seek to establish a fuller understanding of how Gregory's pneumatology functions in itself such that his historical place can be reassessed in the future.</p> <p>Our key observation is that Gregory's pneumatology is rooted in his understanding of the Spirit's relationship to the Church. A discussion of Gregory's ecclesiological pneumatology comprises Part I. Having presented Gregory's understanding of the Spirit's relationship to the Church, and his understanding of his own place within this relationship, we explore, in Part II, some of the texts in which Gregory argues for his pneumatological doctrine in the face of various opponents. We note that Gregory remains consistently concerned with ecclesiology when engaging other thinkers on the Spirit. We conclude that when Gregory's ecclesiological pneumatology is accounted for, his reactions to the pneumatological controversies of his day appear as consistent, pastorally motivated responses to concerns about the Church's relationship to the Holy Spirit and the preaching of pneumatological truth which Gregory thought this relationship demanded.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This dissertation provides an English translation of Basil of Caesarea's sermon Homilia in divites based on Yves Courtonne's Greek text. I have included details of Basil's scriptural content in the notes. The searches to identify the scriptural content were done using LXX and GNT as databases and employing the search capabilities of Accordance Bible Software. Many scholars' comments on the sermon are also included in the notes. No English translation and annotation of Basil of Caesarea's sermon Homilia in divites has been available, though a devotional book with the translation appeared in 2009 after I began this project. As far as I know, Courtonne's 1935 French language version is the only commentary. While scholars have made assumptions about the date of the sermon, questions remain. I include details of a rigorous search to identify the date of composition which pulls together existing scholarly thought and an intricate search of internal data. I believe the sermon was written in 371 as Basil raised funds for his Basileiados. He invited a group of wealthy men to arrive early for a panegyris and delivered Homilia in divites in the days prior to the panegyris. Moreover, Basil's exegetical and theological writings have received much attention, while this sermon, which is neither overtly exegetical or theological, has only had limited study. Thematically, Homilia in divites is a sermon for Basil's and our times. He vividly describes the way God planned for wealth to be used: wealth is to be distributed not stored. Equally as vividly, Basil describes the consequences of storing wealth. / Religion

In this paper, the Hexaemeron is approached using a new perspective. This perspective has been used in other papers or books on the Hexaemeron, but only briefly and without any in-depth evidence or investigation. Many scholars have pointed out, in one way or another, that the Hexaemeron contains density of philosophy, doctrine, sciences of Basil’s era, and density of literal interpretation, in addition to the interpretive and moral components; They stated that it is therefore better to consider this work as an apologetic work, instead of merely an interpretive work. But on the other hand, Basil composed this work to be preached to laypeople. So, I had inquiries about this: Why did Basil use these components to preach in front of this audience? What are his motives? And what are his goals? In this paper, the historical-critical method is used to prove that this work is actually an apologetic work composed by Basil because he found that his people are surrounded by heretical thoughts, and it is necessary for them to understand their orthodox faith in order to guarantee a good afterlife. Therefore, before his death, he conveyed his orthodox thoughts briefly, using Genesis 1. I first looked at the doctrinal and philosophical thoughts that he discussed in the Hexaemeron, and then after some investigation into his earlier works, it became clear to me that he had argued the same ideas before, so the Hexaemeron is actually a summary of his entire life. I then investigated his use of both literal and allegorical methods in dealing with Scriptures, and demonstrated that he intentionally used literal method in the Hexaemeron, rather than in the rest of his interpretational works, to extract dogma from Genesis 1. Finally, I investigated the situation of his audience to prove that his audience, regardless of their intellectual levels, need this discourse to support their faith. This paper highlights the importance of using doctrines, philosophy, and contemporary science in sermons addressed to laypeople, and not just the spirituality, in order to protect them from false doctrines, and urges priests to become familiar with them.

This dissertation examines the practice of writing military history in conjunction with military theory. It shows that in the pursuit of establishing military theory, military history is often actively distorted and manipulated by military theorists. Those military theorists who, consciously or subconsciously, succumb to this practice are identified here as "theorist-historians". The effect of this manipulation, its implications and consequences for the field of study as a whole are examined, as is the didactic nature of military history in the light of historical accuracy. In conclusion the role and effect of the military theorist~historians are evaluated against those of purely academic historians. The unique didactic needs of military history are also highlighted. Two twentieth century British military theorists, B. H. Liddell Hart and J. F. C. Fuller, were chosen as being representative of the military theorist-historian group. / Political Science / M.A. (International Politics)

Este estudo analisa oito dimensões do currículo, da prática pedagógica e da avaliação, no ano letivo de 2004, em duas turmas de alfabetização de escolas públicas de Porto Alegre – uma Estadual e outra Municipal. O processo de alfabetização numa escola organizada por Séries é comparado com o realizado na escola organizada por Ciclos de Formação. Os resultados encontrados nestas duas práticas são comparados com os resultados obtidos numa prática de alfabetização investigada em 1984 (Veit, 1990), na mesma Escola Estadual. Esta investigação foi baseada na teoria do sociólogo Basil Bernstein (1996, 1998) e inspirada nas definições operacionais de uma pesquisa realizada em Lisboa por Morais et al. (1993). A comparação entre os três contextos educacionais apresentou diferenças acentuadas entre as ideologias de um e de outro sistema de ensino, sendo possível distinguir, na Escola Estadual, uma modalidade de Pedagogia Visível e, na Escola Municipal, uma Pedagogia Invisível. / This study analyzes eight dimensions of the curriculum, of the pedagogic practice and of the evaluation, in the school year of 2004, in two groups of literacy in Porto Alegre public schools’ - a State one and a Municipal one. The literacy process in one school system by “Series” is compared with one school organized by “Ciclos de Formação”. The results found in these two practices are compared with the results obtained in a literacy practice investigated in 1984 (Veit, 1990), in the same State School. This investigation was based upon sociologist Basil Bernstein's theory (1996, 1998) and inspired in the operational definitions of a research accomplished in Lisbon by Morais et al. (1993). The comparison among the three educational contexts presented strong differences between the ideologies of an and of the two different educational systems, being possible to distinguish, in the State School, a modality of Visible Pedagogy and, in the Municipal School, an Invisible Pedagogy.