[pt] O uso de nanofluidos na área de Termociências tem sido de grande interesse tendo em vista possibilitar uma melhora significativa na capacidade de transferência de calor em máquinas térmicas. Isto se deve em função da presença de partículas em suspensão com diâmetros menores que 100 nm que são dispersas em fluidos convencionais. Parâmetros como viscosidade e condutividade térmica são fatores determinantes no desempenho desses materiais como fluidos térmicos em diferentes aplicações. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a realização de ensaios experimentais para determinação da viscosidade dinâmica e da tensão cisalhante de três nanofluidos com diferentes composições, sob condições de temperatura controlada (faixa de -10 graus Celsius a 30 graus Celsius). Dois parâmetros adicionais - taxa de cisalhamento e taxa de rotação - foram condicionantes nos ensaios. A montagem da bancada experimental foi realizada a partir do acoplamento de um viscosímetro rotativo com um banho termostático. As curvas obtidas mostraram incremento da viscosidade dinâmica com a temperatura para os nanofluidos em relação aos seus fluidos base. Houve também incremento da viscosidade relativa, sobretudo para temperaturas mais elevadas. Os nanofluidos apresentaram comportamento não newtoniano. Para elevadas taxas de cisalhamento, as medições de viscosidade tendem a valores constantes. Correlações entre viscosidade com temperatura e com taxa de cisalhamento foram construídas seguindo funções exponenciais decrescentes e de potência, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho acrescentam conhecimento à literatura científica sobre a viscosidade e o comportamento reólógico de nanofluidos a baixas temperaturas. / [en] The use of nanofluids in the Thermosciences has been of great interest since it enables a substantial improvement in the heat transfer capacity in thermal machines. This is possible due to the presence particles in suspension, with diameters less than 100 nm, dispersed in conventional fluids. Parameters such as viscosity and thermal conductivity are determining factors in the performance of these materials as thermal fluids in different applications. The objective of the present work was to determine the dynamic viscosity and the shear stress of three distinct nanofluids under controlled temperature conditions (range -10 Celsius degrees to 30 Celsius degrees) at laboratory. In addition, shear rate and rotation rate were also conditioning parameters. The experimental apparatus was assembled coupling a viscometer with a thermal bath. The obtained results showed an increase of the dynamic viscosity with temperature for all nanofluids with respect to their base fluids. An increase of the relative viscosity was also observed especially at higher temperatures. The three nanofluids have shown a non-newtonian behavior. With high shear rates, the measured viscosities tended towards constant values. Curve adjustments were performed between viscosity vs temperature and viscosity vs shear rate using exponential decay function and the Power Law, respectively. The achievements of this research added scientific understanding about the viscosity and rheological behavior of nanofluids at low temperatures.

Submitted by Debora Cristina Paulela null (deborapaulela@fmb.unesp.br) on 2016-04-26T19:50:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação final 25 abril 2016 - Debora Paulela.pdf: 12506409 bytes, checksum: 45cdb3803d7c8e715c69e23e171fff62 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-28T19:03:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 paulela_dc_me_bot.pdf: 12506409 bytes, checksum: 45cdb3803d7c8e715c69e23e171fff62 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:03:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 paulela_dc_me_bot.pdf: 12506409 bytes, checksum: 45cdb3803d7c8e715c69e23e171fff62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Introdução. Banho no leito é um procedimento executado rotineiramente pela equipe de enfermagem, para atender às necessidades de higiene e conforto. Infere-se a técnica convencional, com uso de baldes, bacias, água, sabonete, luvas e compressas, contribuir para aumento das taxas de infecção hospitalar. A tecnologia descartável para banho no leito propõe prevenir contaminação de uma área corporal com microrganismos provenientes de outra, assim como infecções cruzadas. Objetivo. Avaliar a efetividade dos banhos no leito convencional e descartável sobre a microbiota do paciente hospitalizado, assim como a estimativa de tempo de execução e custo dos mesmos. Métodos. Pesquisa clínica, prospectiva, caso-controle, randomizada, aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e Registro Brasileiro de Ensaio Clínico (ReBEC). Realizou-se este estudo na Unidade de Acidente Vascular Cerebral do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, com amostra de 40 pacientes acamados e randomizados em dois grupos com 20 participantes: grupo A (controle - banho no leito convencional) e grupo B (intervenção - banho no leito descartável). A tecnologia avaliada foi da marca Bag Bath®. Invólucro contendo oito compressas pré-umidificadas com água, surfactantes não iônicos, vitamina E, dexpanthenol, conservantes e fragrâncias, destinadas uma para cada área do corpo. Resultados. Pode-se comprovar a efetividade da tecnologia descartável para banho no leito, sobre a evolução da microbiota da pele de pacientes hospitalizados. Uma vez que, 90% dos participantes que receberam exclusivamente a intervenção, tiveram a pele protegida de bactérias colonizadoras, ao contrário dos submetidos ao banho no leito convencional, que apresentaram 80% das culturas positivadas. Análise estatística demonstrou que, enquanto a carga microbiana dos participantes do Grupo B reduziu com a intervenção descartável, aumentou significantemente nos do Grupo A, que haviam recebido banhos no leito convencional (p<0,001). Conclusões. O banho no leito com uso de tecnologia descartável, da marca testada, mostrou-se significantemente efetivo sobre a carga microbiana da pele de pacientes hospitalizados, quando comparado ao banho convencional. Refutou-se as hipóteses do banho no leito descartável apresentar tempo de execução e custo menores, quando comparado com o convencional. Recomenda-se a realização de novos estudos sobre essas variáveis, por entende-las importantes no dimensionamento de recursos humanos em enfermagem, assim como na decisão por escolhas de insumos hospitalares. / Introduction. Bed bath is a procedure performed routinely by nursing staff to meet the needs of hygiene and comfort. A conventional technique is inferred, using buckets, basins, water, soap, gloves and pads, contributing to increased hospital infection rates. The disposable bed bath technology proposes to prevent contamination of a body area with microorganisms from another, and cross-infection. Goal. Evaluate the effectiveness of the baths in conventional and disposable bed on the microbiota of hospitalized patients, as well as the estimated run time and cost thereof. Methods. Clinical, prospective, case-control, randomized research, approved by the Research Ethics Committee and Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trial (Rebec). We conducted this study in Stroke Unit of the Hospital of the Botucatu School of Medicine, with sample of 40 bedridden patients randomized into two groups with 20 participants: group A (control - bath in the conventional bed) and group B (intervention - bath in disposable bed). The technology of the brand Bag Bath was evaluated®. Containing eight pads pre-moistened with water, nonionic surfactants, Vitamin E, Dexpanthenol, preservatives and fragrances, one for each intended area of the body. Results. One can prove the effectiveness of disposable technology for bed bath on the evolution of microflora of the skin of hospitalized patients. Since 90% of participants who received only the intervention had skin protected from colonizing bacteria, unlike subjected to the bath in the conventional bed, which showed 80% of positive cultures. Statistical analysis showed that, whereas the microbial load of the participants in Group B decreased with disposable intervention, increased significantly in Group A, who had received baths in conventional bed (p <0.001). Conclusions. Bed bath with the use of disposable technology, tested brand, proved to be significantly effective on the microbial load of the skin of hospitalized patients, when compared to conventional bath. The hypothesis of disposable bed bath present shorter run time and lower costs when compared with the conventional has been refuted. It is recommended to carry out further studies on these variables, to understand their importance on the design of human resources in nursing, as well as the decision by hospital supplies choices. / FAPESP: 2014/25099-2

Methylone, Ethylone, Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), and α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP) collectively referred to as bath salts are a new trend of illicit substances known as synthetic cathinones. Designed by chemically modifying the core structure of the compound cathinone, synthetic cathinones became prevalent within the United States around the mid-2000s. As a cheap and less controlled alternative to methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), it has become heavily abused, prompting emergency scheduling by federal regulators. Although regulations have been placed to halt incoming traffic of these drugs, lack of ground efforts still leave a large percentage of bath salts available. This study is two-fold, as it seeks to develop an extraction method for the development of Volatile Organic Compound profiles associated with various synthetic cathinones; and also determine the odorant used for canine recognition. The initial goal of this dissertation was to develop an extraction method to characterize various cathinone derivatives. The present study concluded that by employing a Polydimethylsiloxane Divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) coated fiber along with complimentary soft ionization techniques, the volatile components and all parent drugs could be identified within sixteen synthetic cathinone cases. The second goal of the dissertation was to assess and enhance the detection capabilities of narcotic detection teams. Canine field detection is routinely used to stop the increasing distribution influx of drugs into the United States that go undetected by standard procedures currently employed. Although currently canines can detect a multitude of drugs including heroin, cocaine, MDMA, and methamphetamine; this study revealed that more than ten canine teams (throughout south Florida) were not able to detect the presence of synthetic cathinones with current training material. While concerns have grown concerning the safety and reliability of canines being trained on various illicit substances, this research aimed to develop a safe, efficient, controlled alternative to training any canine for detection in the form of a Controlled Mimic Permeation System (COMPS). Field examination concluded that 3,4-methylenedioxypriophenone was the odorant responsible for the canine recognition of the cathinone derivative odor. Therefore a mimic training aid was developed and deployed within the field to enhance the detection capabilities of various canine teams.

Background: The question on how to account for goodwill has long been a subject that causes big debates among actors within financial accounting. In 2004, the IASB released a new standard, IFRS 3 – Business Combinations, that changed the accounting for goodwill. The interpretation for goodwill impairments according to IAS 36 has led to findings in studies that show patterns of earnings management and that a possible gap exists between the standard setter’s basic aim of IAS 36 and what actually is done by the practitioners. Purpose: Examine what determines the amount of reported goodwill impairment for firms listed on the Nasdaq OMX Stockholm (OMXS). Method: To fulfil the purpose of the thesis, the authors takes a quantitative research approach by a using a multiple linear regression model. The regression model is based on proxies for economic impairment, earnings management and corporate governance mechanisms from previous literature (Stenheim &amp; Madsen, 2016; AbuGhazaleh, Al-Hares, &amp; Roberts, 2011; Riedl, 2004). The data used for the regression model has been collected from published annual reports of 69 firms listed on the Nasdaq Stockholm OMX (OMXS), between the years 20072016. Conclusion: The findings of the thesis show that the accounting behaviour of “Big Bath” is exercised for firms listed on the Nasdaq Stockholm OMX (OMXS). The proxies for economic impairment have, to some extent, an impact on the amount of reported goodwill impairment, but the majority of the proxies for corporate governance mechanisms does not affect the amount of reported goodwill impairment. These findings might suggest that the standard IAS 36, which regulates the accounting for goodwill, may not entirely fulfil its purpose of creating a more transparent financial reporting.

Orientador: Alessandro Lia Mondelli / Resumo: Introdução. Banho no leito é um procedimento executado rotineiramente pela equipe de enfermagem, para atender às necessidades de higiene e conforto. Infere-se a técnica convencional, com uso de baldes, bacias, água, sabonete, luvas e compressas, contribuir para aumento das taxas de infecção hospitalar. A tecnologia descartável para banho no leito propõe prevenir contaminação de uma área corporal com microrganismos provenientes de outra, assim como infecções cruzadas. Objetivo. Avaliar a efetividade dos banhos no leito convencional e descartável sobre a microbiota do paciente hospitalizado, assim como a estimativa de tempo de execução e custo dos mesmos. Métodos. Pesquisa clínica, prospectiva, caso-controle, randomizada, aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e Registro Brasileiro de Ensaio Clínico (ReBEC). Realizou-se este estudo na Unidade de Acidente Vascular Cerebral do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, com amostra de 40 pacientes acamados e randomizados em dois grupos com 20 participantes: grupo A (controle - banho no leito convencional) e grupo B (intervenção - banho no leito descartável). A tecnologia avaliada foi da marca Bag Bath®. Invólucro contendo oito compressas pré-umidificadas com água, surfactantes não iônicos, vitamina E, dexpanthenol, conservantes e fragrâncias, destinadas uma para cada área do corpo. Resultados. Pode-se comprovar a efetividade da tecnologia descartável para banho no leito, sobre a evolução da microbiota da pele d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction. Bed bath is a procedure performed routinely by nursing staff to meet the needs of hygiene and comfort. A conventional technique is inferred, using buckets, basins, water, soap, gloves and pads, contributing to increased hospital infection rates. The disposable bed bath technology proposes to prevent contamination of a body area with microorganisms from another, and cross-infection. Goal. Evaluate the effectiveness of the baths in conventional and disposable bed on the microbiota of hospitalized patients, as well as the estimated run time and cost thereof. Methods. Clinical, prospective, case-control, randomized research, approved by the Research Ethics Committee and Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trial (Rebec). We conducted this study in Stroke Unit of the Hospital of the Botucatu School of Medicine, with sample of 40 bedridden patients randomized into two groups with 20 participants: group A (control - bath in the conventional bed) and group B (intervention - bath in disposable bed). The technology of the brand Bag Bath was evaluated®. Containing eight pads pre-moistened with water, nonionic surfactants, Vitamin E, Dexpanthenol, preservatives and fragrances, one for each intended area of the body. Results. One can prove the effectiveness of disposable technology for bed bath on the evolution of microflora of the skin of hospitalized patients. Since 90% of participants who received only the intervention had skin protected from colonizing bacteria, unlike subjec... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabiolaCMD.pdf: 3573116 bytes, checksum: acf020a7332c2092c7b5a33739a67d19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-18 / This study proposes to develop an equipment that attends the demands of tetraplegic people due to cerebral palsy and that promotes an adequate caregivers postural biomechanics during the shower activity of daily living. First, a bibliographic review was performed to define the terms refering to cerebral palsy, activity of daily living (specifically shower), and assistive technology, besides listing the wheelchairs made on the mainly national assistive technology companies. Therefore, this is a descriptive-exploratory study based on a literature review and on a based-field exploration research. On the field research a survey was adopted as a methodological procedure as it is related to a direct investigation related to a phenomenon, on the case, represented by the current shower situation of the people investigated in this study. Data were collected with the application of a form to the caregivers and consumers of the medical-therapeutic treatment and place used by the participants. Such form, which was made up of open and close questions, tried to identify, besides the personal data of evaluated users and consumers, the characteristics of the current shower activity, such as the place where it takes place in the house, the used equipmentS, in the case there is any, and how often it occurs. The form also was used to identify the caregivers and consumers desires and perceptions in relation to the present characteristics of the new dispositive besides the users and consumers anthropometric data. The evaluation of the results obtained through the form, together with the practice and clinical experience of the researchers and engineers involved in this study, made it possible to develop and make up a real shower chair prototype with the specific adjusts destined to adequate the equipment to be used according to the needs of each user and consumer / Esta pesquisa tem como proposta desenvolver um equipamento que atenda as exig?ncias motoras de indiv?duos com paralisia cerebral tetrapar?tica esp?stica e promova biomec?nica postural adequada aos cuidadores para a atividade da vida di?ria referente ao banho. Inicialmente, o levantamento bibliogr?fico buscou definir os termos referentes ? paralisia cerebral, atividade da vida di?ria especificando o banho, e tecnologia assistiva, al?m de listar cadeiras de banho fabricadas nas principais ind?strias de produtos de tecnologia assistiva do mercado nacional. Desta forma, o trabalho tem sua forma??o baseada na pesquisa do tipo descritiva-explorat?ria atrav?s de investiga??o em fontes bibliogr?ficas e em pesquisa de campo. Na pesquisa de campo foi adotado como procedimento metodol?gico o levantamento, por se tratar de uma investiga??o direta relativa a um fen?meno que se deseja aprofundar, no caso, representado pela situa??o atual do banho dos indiv?duos deste estudo. Os dados foram coletados com a aplica??o de formul?rio junto aos cuidadores/consumidores em locais de tratamento m?dico-terap?utico freq?entados pelos indiv?duos participantes. O formul?rio, atrav?s de perguntas abertas e fechadas buscou identificar, al?m dos dados pessoais dos usu?rios e consumidores, as caracter?sticas da atividade do banho atual, como o local da casa onde o banho ? realizado; qual o equipamento utilizado, no caso de haver algum; e com que freq??ncia este ocorre. Tamb?m buscou identificar os desejos e percep??es dos cuidadores/consumidores em rela??o ?s caracter?sticas presentes no novo dispositivo, al?m de dados antropom?tricos dos usu?rios e consumidores. A avalia??o dos resultados obtidos atrav?s do formul?rio, somada a experi?ncia pr?tica-cl?nica do pesquisador e da equipe de engenheiros envolvidas no projeto, possibilitou o desenvolvimento e confec??o do prot?tipo real da cadeira de banho, com ajustes espec?ficos destinados a adequar o equipamento ao uso de acordo com as necessidades individuais de cada usu?rio e consumidor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T14:42:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marcos Humberto.pdf: 309390 bytes, checksum: 17847e7d57cdb47af008a9552ac17717 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-12 / Silicon is considered a beneficial element for plants and classified as a micronutrient. The use of Si brings innumerous for agriculture, particularly for grasses, up to now there are no reliable or efficient methodologies for quantifying available Si. Thus, methodologies able to quantify the available silicon in slags and fertilizers were evaluated. The aim of the work was to assess changes in the use of sodium carbonate + ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3 + Na2CO3) with disodium EDTA as extracting Si fertilizers through experiments with the cultivation of rice in an Oxisol and in a Haplortox Quartzipsamment soil typically displaced in a randomized design scheme in a green-house experiment in a factorial design with different sources, 5 Si extractors and 3 replicates. Extractions with four solutions were induced by autoclaving for 1 h at 121 °C in a water bath for 1:30 hours at 900 (± 30), also a standard Si extractor was used, consisting a solution that does not use an autoclave or water bath and rested for five days. The method using the autoclave was more efficient than the water bath and the best extracting solution was Na2CO3 0.1 mol L-1 + disodium EDTA 0.03 mol L-1 NH4NO3 and 0.2 mol L-1 / O Si (Silício) é considerado como sendo um elemento benéfico para as plantas e classificado como um micronutriente. Vários são os benefícios do Si para a agricultura, principalmente para as gramíneas, até o presente momento não existem metodologias confiáveis e eficientes para quantificar o Si disponível. Foram estudadas, então, metodologias capazes de quantificar o Si disponível em escória e fertilizantes. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as variações do uso do Carbonato de Sódio + Nitrato de Amônio (Na2CO3+NH4NO3) com EDTA dissódico como extratores de Si em fertilizantes através de experimentos com a cultura de arroz em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico e um Neossolo Quartzarênico órtico típico, montado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em casa-de-vegetação, com as soluções extratoras em esquema fatorial, com as diferentes fontes, 5 extratores de Si e 3 repetições. As extrações com as 4 soluções foram induzidas em autoclave por 1 h a 121º C e em banho-maria por 1:30 hora a 900 (±3º), além disso, foi utilizado o extrator S1 como padrão, que consistia em uma solução que não utilizou autoclave e nem banho-maria e repouso de 5 dias. O método utilizando a autoclave foi mais eficiente que o banho-maria e a melhor solução de extração foi com Na2CO3 0,1 mol L-1 + EDTA disódico 0,03 mol L-1 e NH4NO3 0,2 mol L-1.

O enxoval é conhecido desde a antiguidade e tem passado por uma série de modificações, refletidas no tipo de tecido, confecção, design, moda e na participação do mercado. Estas mudanças também foram influenciadas pela mudança da posição da mulher na sociedade. A presente pesquisa objetivou em estudar o desenvolvimento do setor de cama, mesa e banho no Brasil, ocorrido de 1976 a 2017, em termos de aspectos de mercado, materiais e processos têxteis, design e moda. A metodologia consistiu em pesquisa das revistas Casa Vogue Brasil e Casa Cláudia de 1977 a 2017 para estudo e análise de materiais têxteis, designs e marcas do setor de cama, mesa e banho a partir das imagens e textos. Em adição, foi efetuada, em base dos principais relatórios relacionados à indústria têxtil e de confecção e demais literatura, pesquisa dos processos e maquinários para a produção de cama, mesa e banho e aspectos de mercado desse setor. Por fim, foram realizadas entrevistas com empresas do setor de cama, mesa e banho. Os materiais e designs têxteis clássicos são nítidos na preferência da apresentação de estilo. Em relação ao comércio, ocorreram grandes mudanças no mercado brasileiro dos anos 1976 aos 2017. No início desse período o destaque eram lojas de departamento e, com o passar dos anos, as empresas foram criando seu espaço com destaques nas marcas. As marcas com maior apresentação nas últimas duas décadas (anos 2000 e 2010) da revista Casa Vogue Brasil foram Trousseau, Trussardi e a loja de departamento de multimarcas Mundo do Enxoval (essas marcas tem o destaque para o público de maior poder aquisitivo no Brasil). Na revista Casa Cláudia, foram Buddemeyer, Trousseau e MMartan. Com o avanço tecnológico, tornou-se mais acessível a compra dos produtos de cama, mesa e banho industrializados e aumentou assim a exportação brasileira. As evoluções dos maquinários e todo o processo envolvido, auxiliaram à obtenção de produtos com valores mais acessíveis, melhor qualidade e padronagem dos produtos acabados. Constata-se que, o setor avança e se desenvolve constituindo um importante papel na produção têxtil. No entanto, os padrões clássicos predominam com destaque para a cor branca e o tecido de algodão nos produtos de cama, mesa e banho, sendo o bordado o ornamento de destaque do estilo desses produtos. A manutenção desses padrões por parte dos fabricantes brasileiros é interessante para manter vendas no mercado interno, mas um limitante para produtos de exportação destinados a públicos com valores e gostos estéticos distintos e com maior oferta de itens com variedade de designs de superfície / The trousseau has been known since antiquity and has undergone a series of modifications, reflected in the type of fabric, confection, design, fashion and market share. These changes were also influenced by the changing position of women in society. The present study aimed to study the development of the bed, table and bathroom sector in Brazil, from 1976 to 2017, in terms of market, materials and textile processes, design and fashion. The methodology consisted of a survey of Casa Vogue Brasil and Casa Claudia magazines from 1977 to 2017 for the study and analysis of textile materials, designs and brands in the bed, table and bathroom sector based on images and texts. In addition, on the basis of the main reports related to the textile and clothing industry and other literature, research was carried out on the processes and machinery for the production of bed, table and bath and market aspects of this sector. Finally, interviews were conducted with companies in the bed, table and bathroom sector. The classic textile materials and designs are crisp in style presentation preference. In terms of trade, there were major changes in the Brazilian market from 1976 to 2017. At the beginning of this period the highlights were department stores and, over the years, companies were creating their space with highlights in the brands. The most prominent brands in the last two decades (2000 and 2010) of Casa Vogue Brasil magazine were Trousseau, Trussardi and the multi-brand department store Mundo do Enxoval (these brands have the highlight for the most affluent public in Brazil). In the magazine House Claudia, were Buddemeyer, Trousseau and MMartan. With the technological advance, it became more accessible the purchase of products of bed, table and bath industrialized and thus increased the Brazilian export. The evolutions of the machinery and the whole process involved, helped to obtain products with more accessible values, better quality and standardization of the finished products. It is observed that, the sector advances and develops playing an important role in the textile production. However, classic patterns predominate with white and cotton in bed, table and bath products, with embroidery being the most outstanding ornament of the style of these products. The maintenance of these standards by the Brazilian manufacturers is interesting to maintain sales in the domestic market, but a limitation for export products destined to audiences with different values and aesthetic tastes and with a greater supply of items with a variety of surface designs

O Mycobacterium bovis causa a tuberculose zoonótica, doença que afeta os animais e o homem podendo causar a morte, sendo o leite uma importante via de transmissão da doença para o homem. A pasteurização do leite é a principal medida para quebrar essa cadeia de transmissão, cujos parâmetros de tempo e temperatura foram definidos através de experimentos que datam desde o fim do século XIX, com base na resistência térmica do M. bovis e da Coxiella burnetti, então considerados os mais resistentes patógenos não formadores de esporos que contaminam o leite. No Brasil são aprovados os binômios 62&ordm;C a 65&ordm;C por 30 minutos e 72&ordm;C a 75&ordm;C por 15 a 20 segundos. Entretanto, com o passar dos anos e surgimento de novas tecnologias (PCR, Spoligotyping e outras técnicas biomoleculares) foi possível observar diferenças genéticas intra-espécie. Assim, este projeto tem por objetivo avaliar e comparar o comportamento de dois espoligotipos de M. bovis (SB0120 e SB1033) frente aos dois protocolos de pasteurização utilizados no país. Para tanto, leite integral UHT foi contaminado com esses espoligotipos e submetido aos dois processos térmicos, em Banho-Maria. O leite foi semeado em meio sólido Stonebrink-Leslie e a contagem de colônias foi feita após 45 dias de incubação a 37&ordm;C. Não houve neste experimento diferença entre as resistências térmicas dos dois espoligotipos, no entanto detectou-se uma maior importância da fase de aquecimento na redução do agente do que da fase de manutenção da temperatura, para os dois espoligotipos, nos dois processos. / Mycobacterium bovis causes zoonotic tuberculosis disease that affects animals and humans and can cause death, the milk is an important route of disease transmission to humans. The pasteurization of milk is the main measure to break the transmission chain, whose time and temperature parameters were defined by experiments dating from the late nineteenth century, based on thermal resistance of M. bovis and Coxiella burnetti, considered then the most resistant non-spore-forming pathogens that contaminate the milk. In Brazil, there are two approved binomials 62&ordm;C to 65&ordm;C for 30 minutes and 72&ordm;C to 75&ordm;C for 15 to 20 seconds. However, over the years and the emergence of new technologies (PCR, spoligotyping and other biomolecular techniques) was observed genetic differences intra-species. Thus, this project aims to evaluate and compare the behavior of two spoligotypes of M. bovis (SB0120 and SB1033) compared to the two pasteurization protocols used in the country. To this end, UHT milk was contaminated with these spoligotypes and subjected to two thermal processes in a water bath. The milk was streaked on solid medium Stonebrink-Leslie and colony counting was done after 45 days of incubation at 37&ordm;C. This experiment showed that there was no difference between the thermal resistances of the two spoligotypes, however it was detected a greater importance of the heating phase in reducing the agent that the maintenance phase of temperature for the two spoligotypes, in both cases.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a modern analytical technique, which is electrokinetic separation generated by high voltage and taken place inside the small capillaries. In this dissertation, several advanced capillary electrophoresis methods are presented using different approaches of CE and UV and mass spectrometry are utilized as the detection methods. Capillary electrochromatography (CEC), as one of the CE modes, is a recent developed technique which is a hybrid of capillary electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Capillary electrochromatography exhibits advantages of both techniques. In Chapter 2, monolithic capillary column are fabricated using in situ photoinitiation polymerization method. The column was then applied for the separation of six antidepressant compounds. Meanwhile, a simple chiral separation method is developed and presented in Chapter 3. Beta cycodextrin was utilized to achieve the goal of chiral separation. Not only twelve cathinone analytes were separated, but also isomers of several analytes were enantiomerically separated. To better understand the molecular information on the analytes, the TOF-MS system was coupled with the CE. A sheath liquid and a partial filling technique (PFT) were employed to reduce the contamination of MS ionization source. Accurate molecular information was obtained. It is necessary to propose, develop, and optimize new techniques that are suitable for trace-level analysis of samples in forensic, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was selected for this task, as it requires lower amounts of samples, it simplifies sample preparation, and it has the flexibility to perform separations of neutral and charged molecules as well as enantiomers. Overall, the study demonstrates the versatility of capillary electrophoresis methods in forensic, pharmaceutical, and environmental applications.